Purpose: To determine the clinical utility of transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the diagnosis of... more Purpose: To determine the clinical utility of transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the locality. Methods: In a prospective study of four radiodiagnostic centres in Lagos, South West Nigeria, the sonography reports of 105 women of child-bearing age referred for pelvic ultrasound scan that met the minimum ultrasound marker for (PID) were analyzed. The findings were sonographic features matched against reports of microbiological culture of high vaginal swab (HVS) specimen used as gold standard. The sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using Bayes Theorem. Results: The commonest sonographic feature consistent with PID demonstrated by the study is significant fluid in the punch of Douglas. The sensitivity for diagnosing PID with TAS is 90% (N = 98). The specificity 73% (N = 34) and accuracy 84% (N= 88). The prevalence is 60% for the locality and the positive predictive value is 8...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
To investigate the in-vivo effects of intravenous administration of sodium meglumine diatrizoate ... more To investigate the in-vivo effects of intravenous administration of sodium meglumine diatrizoate on some haematological parameters in a Nigerian population. Blood samples were collected before and one hour after intravenous injection of sodium-meglumine diatrizoate from 50 subjects undergoing intravenous urography examinations who had no history of and laboratory confirmed diseases that may affect haematological parameters. Standard laboratory methods were used to assay the haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell (WBC) count and differentials and blood film for any morphological changes in the red blood cells (RBC). Comparisons were made between the mean values of these haematological parameters before and one hour post injection using paired t-test for any statistically significant differences. There were statistically significant reductions in the mean values of Hb concentration and the neutrophil count one hour post injection compared with...
To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on gastric em... more To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in healthy dogs. In a randomized, placebo-controlled experiment, twenty-five clinically healthy dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs in each group. The placebo group served as the control, and the low, moderate and high dose groups ingested the methanolic leaf extract of G. latifolium in capsules at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg capsules of metoclopramide. After a 12-h fast, each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 min before the administration of a test meal. Measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose levels were obtained 30 min before and immediately after the ingestion of the test meal and thereafter every 15 min for 4 h. This was followed by further measurements every 30 min for another 2 h. The gastric emptying times of the placebo, low dose, moderate dose, high dose and prokinetic dose groups were 127.0 ± 8.2 min, 135.5 ± 3.7 min, 155.5 ± 3.9 min, 198.0 ± 5.3 min and 59.0 ± 2.5 min, respectively. Gastric emptying times of the moderate and high dose groups were significantly slower than in the placebo control group (155.5 ± 3.9 min, 198.0 ± 5.3 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.000). No significant difference in gastric emptying between the low dose and placebo control groups was noted (135.5 ± 3.7 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.072). Gastric emptying of the prokinetic group was significantly faster than that of the control group (59.0 ± 2.5 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.000). The hypoglycaemic effect of G. latifolium and gastric emptying were inversely related (r = -0.95, P = 0.000). G. latifolium delays gastric emptying and lowers postprandial blood glucose in healthy dogs. It reduces the postprandial blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying.
ABSTRACT PurposeTo investigate the application of critical thinking (CT) in medical ultrasound by... more ABSTRACT PurposeTo investigate the application of critical thinking (CT) in medical ultrasound by sonographers in south-eastern Nigeria as a measure of the quality of practice.MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire based on six elements of CT was distributed to 82 sonographers selected through a simple random sampling. The questionnaire investigated the application of the elements of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation and self-regulation involved in CT by medical sonographers. The data for each respondent were categorized into age, experience and the elements of CT. Statistical analyses were done using mean and Spearman's Rank correlation.ResultsThe overall mean score of the practitioners on all the elements of CT application was 8.65 ± 6.76 against a total of 60. The application of CT did not show any correlation with age or clinical experience using Spearman's Rank correlation (r = −0.017; p > 0.05 and r = −0.086; p > 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe results show that there is poor application of CT by medical sonographers in the locality which may impact negatively on the outcome of this diagnostic process. Increase in the number of formal training programmes in sonography and inclusion of CT skills in the curriculum are recommended.
... Nigeria has 7% of its population as diabetic [3], [4]. In view of Okolie, Uchenna, V is with ... more ... Nigeria has 7% of its population as diabetic [3], [4]. In view of Okolie, Uchenna, V is with the Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria (phone: 0803-674-1302, e-mail: uche.okolie@unn.edu.ng). ... [30] Richard, RR (2005) Counselling ...
African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines Ajtcam African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 2013
The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on ga... more The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs. Twenty-five alloxan-induced diabetic dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs each in a randomised placebo-controlled study. These are placebo, prokinetic dose, low dose, moderate dose and high dose groups. The placebo group served as the control. The low, moderate and high dose groups ingested methanolic leaf extract of G. latifolium at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg respectively, while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg of metoclopramide. After a 12-hour fast, each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 minutes before the administration of test meal. Measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose levels were obtained from each dog 30 minutes before and immediately after the ingestion of a test meal, every 15 minutes for another 4 hours and then every 30 minutes for further 2 hours. Gastric emptying of the moderate and high dose groups were 227.8 ± 9.9 min and 261.3 ± 19.3 min respectively and significantly (p < 0.0001) slower than the placebo control group of 143.0 ± 17.8 min. The gastric emptying of the low dose group (169.8 ± 3.8) and control group did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A strong inverse relationship between gastric emptying and the incremental blood glucose levels was noted in the diabetic dogs after the ingestion of Gongronema latifolium (r = -0.90; p < 0.0001). Gonogronema latifolium delayed gastric emptying in diabetic dogs.
Purpose: To determine the clinical utility of transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the diagnosis of... more Purpose: To determine the clinical utility of transabdominal sonography (TAS) in the diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the locality. Methods: In a prospective study of four radiodiagnostic centres in Lagos, South West Nigeria, the sonography reports of 105 women of child-bearing age referred for pelvic ultrasound scan that met the minimum ultrasound marker for (PID) were analyzed. The findings were sonographic features matched against reports of microbiological culture of high vaginal swab (HVS) specimen used as gold standard. The sensitivity, accuracy, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using Bayes Theorem. Results: The commonest sonographic feature consistent with PID demonstrated by the study is significant fluid in the punch of Douglas. The sensitivity for diagnosing PID with TAS is 90% (N = 98). The specificity 73% (N = 34) and accuracy 84% (N= 88). The prevalence is 60% for the locality and the positive predictive value is 8...
Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria
To investigate the in-vivo effects of intravenous administration of sodium meglumine diatrizoate ... more To investigate the in-vivo effects of intravenous administration of sodium meglumine diatrizoate on some haematological parameters in a Nigerian population. Blood samples were collected before and one hour after intravenous injection of sodium-meglumine diatrizoate from 50 subjects undergoing intravenous urography examinations who had no history of and laboratory confirmed diseases that may affect haematological parameters. Standard laboratory methods were used to assay the haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell (WBC) count and differentials and blood film for any morphological changes in the red blood cells (RBC). Comparisons were made between the mean values of these haematological parameters before and one hour post injection using paired t-test for any statistically significant differences. There were statistically significant reductions in the mean values of Hb concentration and the neutrophil count one hour post injection compared with...
To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on gastric em... more To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in healthy dogs. In a randomized, placebo-controlled experiment, twenty-five clinically healthy dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs in each group. The placebo group served as the control, and the low, moderate and high dose groups ingested the methanolic leaf extract of G. latifolium in capsules at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg capsules of metoclopramide. After a 12-h fast, each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 min before the administration of a test meal. Measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose levels were obtained 30 min before and immediately after the ingestion of the test meal and thereafter every 15 min for 4 h. This was followed by further measurements every 30 min for another 2 h. The gastric emptying times of the placebo, low dose, moderate dose, high dose and prokinetic dose groups were 127.0 ± 8.2 min, 135.5 ± 3.7 min, 155.5 ± 3.9 min, 198.0 ± 5.3 min and 59.0 ± 2.5 min, respectively. Gastric emptying times of the moderate and high dose groups were significantly slower than in the placebo control group (155.5 ± 3.9 min, 198.0 ± 5.3 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.000). No significant difference in gastric emptying between the low dose and placebo control groups was noted (135.5 ± 3.7 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.072). Gastric emptying of the prokinetic group was significantly faster than that of the control group (59.0 ± 2.5 min vs 127.0 ± 8.2 min, P = 0.000). The hypoglycaemic effect of G. latifolium and gastric emptying were inversely related (r = -0.95, P = 0.000). G. latifolium delays gastric emptying and lowers postprandial blood glucose in healthy dogs. It reduces the postprandial blood glucose by delaying gastric emptying.
ABSTRACT PurposeTo investigate the application of critical thinking (CT) in medical ultrasound by... more ABSTRACT PurposeTo investigate the application of critical thinking (CT) in medical ultrasound by sonographers in south-eastern Nigeria as a measure of the quality of practice.MethodsA semi-structured questionnaire based on six elements of CT was distributed to 82 sonographers selected through a simple random sampling. The questionnaire investigated the application of the elements of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation and self-regulation involved in CT by medical sonographers. The data for each respondent were categorized into age, experience and the elements of CT. Statistical analyses were done using mean and Spearman&#39;s Rank correlation.ResultsThe overall mean score of the practitioners on all the elements of CT application was 8.65 ± 6.76 against a total of 60. The application of CT did not show any correlation with age or clinical experience using Spearman&#39;s Rank correlation (r = −0.017; p &gt; 0.05 and r = −0.086; p &gt; 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe results show that there is poor application of CT by medical sonographers in the locality which may impact negatively on the outcome of this diagnostic process. Increase in the number of formal training programmes in sonography and inclusion of CT skills in the curriculum are recommended.
... Nigeria has 7% of its population as diabetic [3], [4]. In view of Okolie, Uchenna, V is with ... more ... Nigeria has 7% of its population as diabetic [3], [4]. In view of Okolie, Uchenna, V is with the Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria (phone: 0803-674-1302, e-mail: uche.okolie@unn.edu.ng). ... [30] Richard, RR (2005) Counselling ...
African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines Ajtcam African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 2013
The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on ga... more The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs. Twenty-five alloxan-induced diabetic dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs each in a randomised placebo-controlled study. These are placebo, prokinetic dose, low dose, moderate dose and high dose groups. The placebo group served as the control. The low, moderate and high dose groups ingested methanolic leaf extract of G. latifolium at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg respectively, while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg of metoclopramide. After a 12-hour fast, each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 minutes before the administration of test meal. Measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose levels were obtained from each dog 30 minutes before and immediately after the ingestion of a test meal, every 15 minutes for another 4 hours and then every 30 minutes for further 2 hours. Gastric emptying of the moderate and high dose groups were 227.8 ± 9.9 min and 261.3 ± 19.3 min respectively and significantly (p < 0.0001) slower than the placebo control group of 143.0 ± 17.8 min. The gastric emptying of the low dose group (169.8 ± 3.8) and control group did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A strong inverse relationship between gastric emptying and the incremental blood glucose levels was noted in the diabetic dogs after the ingestion of Gongronema latifolium (r = -0.90; p < 0.0001). Gonogronema latifolium delayed gastric emptying in diabetic dogs.
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