Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal, 2017
شهد الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في ليبيا نمواً مستمراً في مختلف القطاعات، و ذلك بسبب النمو السكان... more شهد الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في ليبيا نمواً مستمراً في مختلف القطاعات، و ذلك بسبب النمو السكاني خلال العقود القريبة الماضية و بسبب التوسع في المشاريع الاقتصادية للدولة الذي أدى إلى ارتفاع المستوى المعيشي وزيادة مستوى طلب الفرد على الطاقة الكهربائية، و لمجابهة هذا النمو المتزايد في استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية فقد أُجري العديد من الدراسات و الأبحاث لوضع استراتيجية وخطة زمنية واضحة على المدى المتوسط و البعيد لتغطية بعض من هذا الطلب بتطبيق مشروعات الطاقة المتجددة في القطاع المنزلي و زيادة مساهمتها في أنظمة التوليد المستقبلية مما يؤثر إيجاباً في الحد من الأحمال الكهربائية المستهلكة و يخفض انبعاث الغازات الضارة بالبيئة. و من أهم تطبيقات الطاقة المتجددة الممكن استخدامها في القطاع المنزلي أنظمة تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية و ذلك َلأن الماء الساخن مطلب أساس لكافة المواطنين. و هذه الورقة تستعرض إمكانية َتسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية في ت ِسين إدارة الطلب على الطاقة في ليبيا وذلك بإجراء تقييم ومقارنة أوضاع تسخين المياه المنزلية بوضعها الحالي كهربائيا مع افتراض استبدالها تدريجيا بالسخانات...
2021 12th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC), 2021
In this paper attempt to explore the potential of using the solar energy for space heating in the... more In this paper attempt to explore the potential of using the solar energy for space heating in the common Libyan houses. The heating demand of the common Libyan house with the local material and the weather of Tripoli area is found to be about 2357 kWh yearly at heating set point design temperature 18.3 °C. however, in case of the set point temperature is considered 22 °C, the heating demand is increased to 6409 kWh yearly. The study have shown that, the optimum solar system that covers most of the domestic and space heating demand of the common building is consists of 8 vacuum tubes collectors (DRC10) with total area of 13.92 m2 and storage tank volume of 1000 liters. This system achieves over 85% of the demand.
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal, 2018
This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of ... more This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in the fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling, and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of “Ghadames” and “Gharyan”. Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of this paper.
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal, 2019
Mosques are classified as one of the most attractive places for the Libyan people during prayer t... more Mosques are classified as one of the most attractive places for the Libyan people during prayer times, where ?electrical power is consumed extensively and converted into many energy types. Hot water is required for ablution during ?the cold season, which occupies 5 months per year, approximately, where electrical power is utilized to provide hot water ?demand. In this paper, the possibility of install solar water heaters in ten mosques in the city of Tripoli is studied, as the ?agreement between the General Authority of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs and CSERS states. Therefore, a detailed study is performed for site ?shading probability during the year using Climate Consultant 6.0 software, and Sketchup Make 2017. Furthermore, the solar ?water heating system is designed by (T*SOL Pro 5.5) design and simulation software. The resultant has illustrated that the employing ?of thermosyphon systems could? ?fail to fulfil water heating load in the studied mosques, due to the presence of the su...
Th thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy ... more Th thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. Ths paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at diffrent operation variables and conditions. Th C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and effiency for any type of fuel cells. Th results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. Th results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell's reversible voltage that arises from potential diffe...
The electric energy demand in Libya has been growing continuously in various sectors due to popul... more The electric energy demand in Libya has been growing continuously in various sectors due to population growth during the past few decades and due to the economic projects expansion in Libya, which led to rise in the living standard and an increase in the energy demand per capita. Many studies and research have been conducted to face this growth in electricity consumption, and to propose a clear medium and long term strategy for implementing renewable energy projects in the domestic sector to cover part of electricity demand and increase its contribution of power generation systems in the future, that will positively reduce the electric energy consumption and the emission of harmful gases to the environment. Solar water heating system is one of the most important renewable energy applications that can be used in the domestic sector, because hot water is main requirement for all citizens. This paper reviews the possibility of solar water heating in improving the energy demand manageme...
This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of ... more This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of "Ghadames" and "Gharyan". Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of ...
The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy... more The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. This paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at different operation variables and conditions. The C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and efficiency for any type of fuel cells. The results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. The results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell’s reversible voltage that arises from potential d...
The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential... more The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home a...
The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy... more The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. This paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at different operation variables and conditions. The C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and efficiency for any type of fuel cells. The results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. The results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell’s reversible voltage that arises from potential d...
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal, 2017
شهد الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في ليبيا نمواً مستمراً في مختلف القطاعات، و ذلك بسبب النمو السكان... more شهد الطلب على الطاقة الكهربائية في ليبيا نمواً مستمراً في مختلف القطاعات، و ذلك بسبب النمو السكاني خلال العقود القريبة الماضية و بسبب التوسع في المشاريع الاقتصادية للدولة الذي أدى إلى ارتفاع المستوى المعيشي وزيادة مستوى طلب الفرد على الطاقة الكهربائية، و لمجابهة هذا النمو المتزايد في استهلاك الطاقة الكهربائية فقد أُجري العديد من الدراسات و الأبحاث لوضع استراتيجية وخطة زمنية واضحة على المدى المتوسط و البعيد لتغطية بعض من هذا الطلب بتطبيق مشروعات الطاقة المتجددة في القطاع المنزلي و زيادة مساهمتها في أنظمة التوليد المستقبلية مما يؤثر إيجاباً في الحد من الأحمال الكهربائية المستهلكة و يخفض انبعاث الغازات الضارة بالبيئة. و من أهم تطبيقات الطاقة المتجددة الممكن استخدامها في القطاع المنزلي أنظمة تسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية و ذلك َلأن الماء الساخن مطلب أساس لكافة المواطنين. و هذه الورقة تستعرض إمكانية َتسخين المياه بالطاقة الشمسية في ت ِسين إدارة الطلب على الطاقة في ليبيا وذلك بإجراء تقييم ومقارنة أوضاع تسخين المياه المنزلية بوضعها الحالي كهربائيا مع افتراض استبدالها تدريجيا بالسخانات...
2021 12th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC), 2021
In this paper attempt to explore the potential of using the solar energy for space heating in the... more In this paper attempt to explore the potential of using the solar energy for space heating in the common Libyan houses. The heating demand of the common Libyan house with the local material and the weather of Tripoli area is found to be about 2357 kWh yearly at heating set point design temperature 18.3 °C. however, in case of the set point temperature is considered 22 °C, the heating demand is increased to 6409 kWh yearly. The study have shown that, the optimum solar system that covers most of the domestic and space heating demand of the common building is consists of 8 vacuum tubes collectors (DRC10) with total area of 13.92 m2 and storage tank volume of 1000 liters. This system achieves over 85% of the demand.
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal, 2018
This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of ... more This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in the fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling, and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of “Ghadames” and “Gharyan”. Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of this paper.
Solar Energy and Sustainable Development journal, 2019
Mosques are classified as one of the most attractive places for the Libyan people during prayer t... more Mosques are classified as one of the most attractive places for the Libyan people during prayer times, where ?electrical power is consumed extensively and converted into many energy types. Hot water is required for ablution during ?the cold season, which occupies 5 months per year, approximately, where electrical power is utilized to provide hot water ?demand. In this paper, the possibility of install solar water heaters in ten mosques in the city of Tripoli is studied, as the ?agreement between the General Authority of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs and CSERS states. Therefore, a detailed study is performed for site ?shading probability during the year using Climate Consultant 6.0 software, and Sketchup Make 2017. Furthermore, the solar ?water heating system is designed by (T*SOL Pro 5.5) design and simulation software. The resultant has illustrated that the employing ?of thermosyphon systems could? ?fail to fulfil water heating load in the studied mosques, due to the presence of the su...
Th thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy ... more Th thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. Ths paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at diffrent operation variables and conditions. Th C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and effiency for any type of fuel cells. Th results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. Th results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell's reversible voltage that arises from potential diffe...
The electric energy demand in Libya has been growing continuously in various sectors due to popul... more The electric energy demand in Libya has been growing continuously in various sectors due to population growth during the past few decades and due to the economic projects expansion in Libya, which led to rise in the living standard and an increase in the energy demand per capita. Many studies and research have been conducted to face this growth in electricity consumption, and to propose a clear medium and long term strategy for implementing renewable energy projects in the domestic sector to cover part of electricity demand and increase its contribution of power generation systems in the future, that will positively reduce the electric energy consumption and the emission of harmful gases to the environment. Solar water heating system is one of the most important renewable energy applications that can be used in the domestic sector, because hot water is main requirement for all citizens. This paper reviews the possibility of solar water heating in improving the energy demand manageme...
This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of ... more This review paper focuses on documenting and studying published papers and works in the field of solar heating and cooling air space in residential buildings. The goal of this survey and documentation is to find out the most important flushing results and conclusions specifically in fields of using solar energy for space heating, cooling and ventilation of local residential buildings in Libya. This covers using active and passive solar systems in, achieving thermal human comfort in such buildings leading to reduce electrical energy consumption. This paper also concentrates on applying energy efficiency measures in buildings; planning, design, and construction stages with the use of the principles of energy conservation in buildings. There are several studies comparing traditional with modern house designs in several local cities including both famous old cities of "Ghadames" and "Gharyan". Several conclusions and recommendations are summarized within the text of ...
The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy... more The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. This paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at different operation variables and conditions. The C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and efficiency for any type of fuel cells. The results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. The results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell’s reversible voltage that arises from potential d...
The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential... more The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home a...
The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy... more The thermodynamic analysis of PEM fuel cell energy production depends on the entropy and enthalpy of reaction with the changing of the operating temperatures that ranges between 50 and 100ºC, the electrical work done will be equal to the Gibbs free energy released. This paper presents a mathematical model of PEM fuel cells, based on physical-chemical procedures of the phenomena occurring inside the fuel cell, and it was theoretically studied the performance at different operation variables and conditions. The C++ program is designed to calculate all thermo-chemical parameters, i.e. enthalpy of formation, Gibbs free energy, work and efficiency for any type of fuel cells. The results are plotted as a function of fuel cell operating temperature. The results shows that the highest value of Gibbs energy is at the lowest operating temperature, and decreases gradually with increasing the temperature, the output voltage is determined by cell’s reversible voltage that arises from potential d...
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