Umank Mishra

Abstract A novel variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO), referred to as Fish Shoal Optimization (FSO), is developed to add an additional capability to its ancestor PSO to handle concurrently three different types of stones for the design of minimum cost earthen canals whose side slopes are riprap riveted and bottom is unlined with the most suitable type of stone. Costs of land acquisition and freeboard provision (fixed magnitude and depth-dependent scenarios) for a non-symmetric canal carrying sediment-laden flow are accounted for. The FSO concurrently handled various types of riprap stones in a single program to portray its resemblance with the biological character of a fish shoal (aggregation of mixed species of fish in nature). It allowed interaction of dissimilar species of shoal – the social characteristic of PSO and stiff competition – a feature of Genetic Algorithms, among their own and other groups’ members to yield the minimum cost design of canals having symmetric shape and angular particles as the most suitable revetment stone. The FSO yielded not only the minimum cost canals but also hydraulically efficient designs with 1.32, 4.86, 4.42, 4.28, and 4.40% less costs than those obtained by PSO for five different freeboard scenarios, respectively.

Several design alternatives for a trapezoidal earthen channel whose side slopes are riveted with riprap stones and bottom is unlined were analysed to compare the performance of different types of stones (round, sub‐round and sub‐angular, and angular) for minimum cost and performance effectiveness. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was implemented to determine the minimum cost channel in contrast with earlier alternatives relating to the most hydraulically efficient sections. Both clear water and sediment‐laden flow conditions were applied to investigate the effect of flowing water characteristics on optimality, which is not available in the literature. Optimal design of channels incorporating land acquisition cost is scanty; therefore, land cost was also included in the objective function. In addition to the design of a channel without freeboard, different freeboard scenarios, including depth‐dependent equations, were applied to assess the impact of freeboard provision methodologies on optimal channel dimensions and cost. It was found that the channels having angular riprap revetment for sediment‐laden flow conditions offered the minimum cost of construction, with sub‐round and sub‐angular, and round stones coming next in sequence, and the freeboard provisions also impacted the channel shape, dimensions and cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete, which consists of cement, coarse aggregates, water and if required, admixtures and other cementitious materials. As there are no fine aggregates used in the concrete matrix, the void content is more which allows the water to flow through its body. So the pervious concrete is also called as Permeable concrete and Porous concrete. There is lot of research work is going in the field of pervious concrete. The compressive strength of pervious concrete is less when compared to the conventional concrete due to its porosity and voids. Hence, the usage of pervious concrete is limited even though it has 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 24 2018 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

Speed is one of the basic traffic flow parameter and useful in understanding of vehicular interactions for calculating highway traffic capacity and formulation of effective traffic regulation and control measures. In this paper an appropriate method was adopted to study thespeed characteristics on urban multilane highway.The traffic flow data was collectedat certain location on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway (NH-8) using videography technique. The probability distribution function and descriptive statistics of traffic stream speed was investigated. It was found that the speed follows the 1 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 120 No. 6 2018, 7249-7258 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/