American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2020
In 2017, the directors of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) decided to move forward with a... more In 2017, the directors of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) decided to move forward with a new clinical examination format-a scenario-based examination. The first examination of this type was administered in February 2019, and 2 more exams have been given since then. Each examination consisted of at least 6 scenarios with 4-7 questions for each scenario. Questions came from 4 domains or categories-data gathering and diagnosis, treatment objectives and planning, treatment implementation and management, and critical analysis and outcomes assessment. As of today, 49% of members of the American Association of Orthodontists are ABO certified. For more information about the scenario-based examination and ABO certification or certification renewal processes, go to AmericanBoardOrtho.com.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1999
In this study, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to objectively evaluate early trea... more In this study, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to objectively evaluate early treatment outcomes. Pretreatment and posttreatment casts of 103 consecutively treated patients were analyzed. The mean chronological, skeletal, and dental ages were 9. 82, 9.76, and 9.32 years, respectively. Calibrated examiners scored all models using the PAR ruler. PAR scores were weighed by means of a validation exercise. Cronbach alpha reliability analysis was used to establish the consistency of the subjective rating among 10 orthodontists of the severity of malocclusion. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association among the orthodontists and the total PAR scores. Multiple regression analysis was used to determined the optimum weight of the PAR scores. Pretreatment and posttreatment differences were evaluated with t tests. The association between PAR scores and classification of malocclusions and treatment categories was assessed by means of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). A reduction in the PAR index was observed for the mean raw and weighted scores, from 15.82 to 8.82 and from 5.28 to 3.73, respectively (P <.001). Twenty percent of the sample greatly improved the PAR index, by a 70% reduction.3 Forty-eight percent improved scores by at least a 30% reduction.4 The remaining 32% did not reduce scores by at least 30%. Subjects with both Class I and Class II malocclusions reduced their scores similarly. There was no statistically significant association between reduction of PAR scores and treatment modalities.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1999
Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based o... more Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based on general skeletal and dental findings ascertained from radiographs and casts. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the soft tissue changes of the face during the expansion process and to determine the stability of any changes 1 year later. The sample consisted of 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbites. Twenty-four of the patients required a surgically assisted expansion procedure, and a second group of 20 patients were treated with orthopedic expansion. Ten measurements were made from standardized frontal facial photographic slides at 5 intervals of treatment: initial, bond appliance, stop expansion, debond appliance, and 1 year retention. Differences over time between the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed by a 2 way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc t tests. Differences between initial and 1 year retention were found in the nasal widths (P <.001) of both surgical and nonsurgical groups. Other significant changes and trends were discussed.
Citation: Bassam M Kinaia., et al. “Interdisciplinary Management of Delayed Eruption and Maxillar... more Citation: Bassam M Kinaia., et al. “Interdisciplinary Management of Delayed Eruption and Maxillary Impacted Canines Using Closed and Open Exposure Techniques-Case Report”. EC Dental Science 19.4 (2020): 178-184. Abstract Introduction: Dental esthetics and properly aligned teeth can be affected by delayed canine eruptions. The decision to expose the impacted tooth or extraction and replacement with dental implant plays an important role in function and esthetics. Surgical intervention is often used to bring the impacted canines into a normal position. This treatment requires timely management by the orthodontic and surgical teams.
To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the red... more To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the reduction of weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores. Two hundred thirty subjects (female = 105; male = 125) selected from 400 cases were divided into three groups based on their malocclusions (Class I, II, and III). The PAR index was evaluated prior to early treatment (T0), at the end of phase I (T1), and after completion of phase II therapy (T2). The reliability of overall PAR scores was assessed by Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient. The starting age, total weighted PAR scores and their changes after phase I and II treatments, treatment time, and the percentage of correction in the three different malocclusions were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < .05. More than 30% reduction of the weighted PAR scores and less than 10 points of the remaining weighted PAR scores were observed...
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2018
The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) works to certify orthodontists in a fair, reliable, and ... more The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) works to certify orthodontists in a fair, reliable, and valid manner. The process must examine an orthodontist's knowledge, abilities, and critical thinking skills to ensure that each certified orthodontist has the expertise to provide the highest level of patient care. Many medical specialty boards and 4 American Dental Association specialty boards use scenario-based testing for board certification. Changing to a scenario-based clinical examination will allow the ABO to test more orthodontists. The new process will not result in an easier examination; standards will not be lowered. It will offer an improved testing method that will be fair, valid, and reliable for the specialty of orthodontics while increasing accessibility and complementing residency curricula. The ABO's written examination will remain as it is.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Jun 1, 2017
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2017
The American Board of Orthodontics has developed tools to help examinees select patients to be us... more The American Board of Orthodontics has developed tools to help examinees select patients to be used for the Board examination. The Case Management Form can be used to evaluate aspects of a patient's treatment that cannot be measured by other tools. The Case Management Form is a structured treatment-neutral assessment of orthodontic objectives and outcomes associated with a patient's treatment. Despite the availability of this form, examiners continue to see problems, including lack of attention to finishing details, inappropriate treatment objectives, excessive proclination of mandibular incisors due to treatment mechanics, excessive expansion of mandibular intercanine width, closing skeletal open bite with extrusion of anterior teeth leading to excessive gingival display, and failure to recognize the importance of controlling the eruption or extrusion of molars during treatment. In addition, some examinees exhibit a lack of understanding of proper cephalometric tracing and ...
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Mar 1, 2017
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Mar 1, 2017
The International journal of adult orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, 1995
This study was an attempt to show how a variation in the anteroposterior position of nasion, or l... more This study was an attempt to show how a variation in the anteroposterior position of nasion, or length of the anterior cranial base, when used as a reference line, affects the esthetic outcome of surgically repositioned bony bases. Five white female subjects exhibiting a short anterior cranial base and characterized by maxillary retrusion were included in this study. Lateral cephalograms and 35-mm photographs of each subject were digitized into a computer imaging system, and computer-simulated surgical procedures were performed. Soft tissue profiles were then generated to reflect the skeletal changes that took place. When three groups of respondents were asked to choose the most pleasing profile, the majority (65%) chose the maxillary (Le Fort I) surgical procedure, in which the cranial base was extended to a range of corrected "normals." These results indicate that when cephalometrics are used to formulate a diagnosis and treatment plan, the most esthetic result may be ob...
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2020
In 2017, the directors of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) decided to move forward with a... more In 2017, the directors of the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) decided to move forward with a new clinical examination format-a scenario-based examination. The first examination of this type was administered in February 2019, and 2 more exams have been given since then. Each examination consisted of at least 6 scenarios with 4-7 questions for each scenario. Questions came from 4 domains or categories-data gathering and diagnosis, treatment objectives and planning, treatment implementation and management, and critical analysis and outcomes assessment. As of today, 49% of members of the American Association of Orthodontists are ABO certified. For more information about the scenario-based examination and ABO certification or certification renewal processes, go to AmericanBoardOrtho.com.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1999
In this study, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to objectively evaluate early trea... more In this study, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to objectively evaluate early treatment outcomes. Pretreatment and posttreatment casts of 103 consecutively treated patients were analyzed. The mean chronological, skeletal, and dental ages were 9. 82, 9.76, and 9.32 years, respectively. Calibrated examiners scored all models using the PAR ruler. PAR scores were weighed by means of a validation exercise. Cronbach alpha reliability analysis was used to establish the consistency of the subjective rating among 10 orthodontists of the severity of malocclusion. Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient was used to assess the association among the orthodontists and the total PAR scores. Multiple regression analysis was used to determined the optimum weight of the PAR scores. Pretreatment and posttreatment differences were evaluated with t tests. The association between PAR scores and classification of malocclusions and treatment categories was assessed by means of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). A reduction in the PAR index was observed for the mean raw and weighted scores, from 15.82 to 8.82 and from 5.28 to 3.73, respectively (P &lt;.001). Twenty percent of the sample greatly improved the PAR index, by a 70% reduction.3 Forty-eight percent improved scores by at least a 30% reduction.4 The remaining 32% did not reduce scores by at least 30%. Subjects with both Class I and Class II malocclusions reduced their scores similarly. There was no statistically significant association between reduction of PAR scores and treatment modalities.
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1999
Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based o... more Previous studies on the effects of surgical and rapid palatal expansion have been largely based on general skeletal and dental findings ascertained from radiographs and casts. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the soft tissue changes of the face during the expansion process and to determine the stability of any changes 1 year later. The sample consisted of 44 patients with unilateral or bilateral posterior crossbites. Twenty-four of the patients required a surgically assisted expansion procedure, and a second group of 20 patients were treated with orthopedic expansion. Ten measurements were made from standardized frontal facial photographic slides at 5 intervals of treatment: initial, bond appliance, stop expansion, debond appliance, and 1 year retention. Differences over time between the surgical and nonsurgical groups were analyzed by a 2 way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post hoc t tests. Differences between initial and 1 year retention were found in the nasal widths (P &lt;.001) of both surgical and nonsurgical groups. Other significant changes and trends were discussed.
Citation: Bassam M Kinaia., et al. “Interdisciplinary Management of Delayed Eruption and Maxillar... more Citation: Bassam M Kinaia., et al. “Interdisciplinary Management of Delayed Eruption and Maxillary Impacted Canines Using Closed and Open Exposure Techniques-Case Report”. EC Dental Science 19.4 (2020): 178-184. Abstract Introduction: Dental esthetics and properly aligned teeth can be affected by delayed canine eruptions. The decision to expose the impacted tooth or extraction and replacement with dental implant plays an important role in function and esthetics. Surgical intervention is often used to bring the impacted canines into a normal position. This treatment requires timely management by the orthodontic and surgical teams.
To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the red... more To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the reduction of weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores. Two hundred thirty subjects (female = 105; male = 125) selected from 400 cases were divided into three groups based on their malocclusions (Class I, II, and III). The PAR index was evaluated prior to early treatment (T0), at the end of phase I (T1), and after completion of phase II therapy (T2). The reliability of overall PAR scores was assessed by Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient. The starting age, total weighted PAR scores and their changes after phase I and II treatments, treatment time, and the percentage of correction in the three different malocclusions were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < .05. More than 30% reduction of the weighted PAR scores and less than 10 points of the remaining weighted PAR scores were observed...
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2018
The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) works to certify orthodontists in a fair, reliable, and ... more The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) works to certify orthodontists in a fair, reliable, and valid manner. The process must examine an orthodontist's knowledge, abilities, and critical thinking skills to ensure that each certified orthodontist has the expertise to provide the highest level of patient care. Many medical specialty boards and 4 American Dental Association specialty boards use scenario-based testing for board certification. Changing to a scenario-based clinical examination will allow the ABO to test more orthodontists. The new process will not result in an easier examination; standards will not be lowered. It will offer an improved testing method that will be fair, valid, and reliable for the specialty of orthodontics while increasing accessibility and complementing residency curricula. The ABO's written examination will remain as it is.
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Jun 1, 2017
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2017
The American Board of Orthodontics has developed tools to help examinees select patients to be us... more The American Board of Orthodontics has developed tools to help examinees select patients to be used for the Board examination. The Case Management Form can be used to evaluate aspects of a patient's treatment that cannot be measured by other tools. The Case Management Form is a structured treatment-neutral assessment of orthodontic objectives and outcomes associated with a patient's treatment. Despite the availability of this form, examiners continue to see problems, including lack of attention to finishing details, inappropriate treatment objectives, excessive proclination of mandibular incisors due to treatment mechanics, excessive expansion of mandibular intercanine width, closing skeletal open bite with extrusion of anterior teeth leading to excessive gingival display, and failure to recognize the importance of controlling the eruption or extrusion of molars during treatment. In addition, some examinees exhibit a lack of understanding of proper cephalometric tracing and ...
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Mar 1, 2017
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, Mar 1, 2017
The International journal of adult orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, 1995
This study was an attempt to show how a variation in the anteroposterior position of nasion, or l... more This study was an attempt to show how a variation in the anteroposterior position of nasion, or length of the anterior cranial base, when used as a reference line, affects the esthetic outcome of surgically repositioned bony bases. Five white female subjects exhibiting a short anterior cranial base and characterized by maxillary retrusion were included in this study. Lateral cephalograms and 35-mm photographs of each subject were digitized into a computer imaging system, and computer-simulated surgical procedures were performed. Soft tissue profiles were then generated to reflect the skeletal changes that took place. When three groups of respondents were asked to choose the most pleasing profile, the majority (65%) chose the maxillary (Le Fort I) surgical procedure, in which the cranial base was extended to a range of corrected "normals." These results indicate that when cephalometrics are used to formulate a diagnosis and treatment plan, the most esthetic result may be ob...
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Papers by Valmy Pangrazio-kulbersh