This paper examines the effects of gender, age, and income on the willingness to pay (WTP) for mu... more This paper examines the effects of gender, age, and income on the willingness to pay (WTP) for music downloads. The examination is based on an online survey of 1 330 Finnish consumers conducted in June 2010. The analysis of the survey data follows a two-phase strategy. In the first phase, the effects of the explanatory variables on the consumers’ unwillingness to pay (UWTP) for album and track downloads are examined by using contingency tables and the Pearson’s χ 2 tests of independence. In the second phase, the effects of the explanatory variables on the consumers’ actual WTP for album and track downloads are examined by using one-way analysis of variance (1-ANOVA) and post-hoc multiple comparisons. The results of the analysis suggest that there are several statistically significant differences in the WTP for albums and tracks between the examined consumer segments. These findings and their implications should be taken into consideration in the future business models of music downl...
Technical issues currently dominate public and academic discussion of the information society. Th... more Technical issues currently dominate public and academic discussion of the information society. There appears to be abundant optimism about the application of new technology in the construction of an information society for citizens. Individualism, formalised in the notion of postmodernism, promotes the idea of an individual-centric information society, in which individuals are connected with technology in terms of individual wants. This paper questions the current trend, in which the bigger picture seems to be lost. There are already clear indications that the cost of the prevailing ITdriven cultural phenomena will be high in terms of well-being.
This paper describes a way to build a conceptual model for diversified purposes of modelling Ente... more This paper describes a way to build a conceptual model for diversified purposes of modelling Enterprise Architectures (EA). It is commonly known that, due to the complexity, Enterprise Architectures need to be considered from several viewpoints. This provokes an integration problem: how to ensure that parallel EA models are consistent. We believe that the best way to solve this problem is to build a generic conceptual model (or an ontology) that is based on the purpose and needs of EA modelling rather than on the metamodels or modelling techniques of the prevailing (viewpoint-specific) domains of EA modelling. In other words, instead of aggregating existing sub-domains of EA we should try to find the core concepts through analyzing the EA domain as a whole. We emphasize the importance of the process through which the conceptual model is produced. Therefore, besides the conceptual skeleton and its utilization we provide an in-depth description of the modelling process we have develop...
Halttunen, Veikko Consumer Behavior in Digital Era – General Aspects and Findings of Empirical St... more Halttunen, Veikko Consumer Behavior in Digital Era – General Aspects and Findings of Empirical Studies on Digital Music with a Retrospective Discussion Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 70 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing. ISSN 1456-5390; 235) ISBN 978-951-39-6641-6 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6642-3 (PDF) Digitization of products and processes has changed consumer behavior in several ways. Changes can be found not only in human actions but also in attitudes and ethics. The music industry has been a pioneer in digitized societies. In the new millennium it has also faced the downsides of the development: digital piracy and, as a consequence of it, declining revenues. These threats are not limited to the music industry but concern many other sectors whose products can be digitized. The mainstream of previous and contemporary IS/IT research has been optimistic and emphasized the positive impacts of digitalization. Those who have considered the negative impacts, such as the consequ...
During recent years, our ways of acquiring and consuming recorded music have changed drastically.... more During recent years, our ways of acquiring and consuming recorded music have changed drastically. This paper provides an exploration of the acquisition and consumption behaviour of modern recorded music consumers by examining (1) how modern consumers acquire and consume recorded music, and (2) what kind of perceptions of relative advantages and disadvantages drive their usage of different acquisition channels. The paper approaches the topic from a holistic and interpretive perspective and is based on a semi-structured interview study of 14 young Finnish consumers of recorded music. The findings of the study show significant divergence in the acquisition and consumption behaviour between different consumers. They also suggest that the acquisition channel choices in the context of recorded music consumption are driven by very divergent perceptions of the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the channels. These perceptions vary vastly from both one channel and one cons...
Outsourcing means using factors which are external to an organization to perform its functions wh... more Outsourcing means using factors which are external to an organization to perform its functions whereas offshore outsourcing relies on using foreign resources to perform those functions. We focus in this paper on offshore outsourcing of information systems (ISs). We have conducted an exploratory case study of outsourcing IS support services. The services have been outsourced by a supplier organization which has been based in Finland. Main parts of its customer support services have been allocated to so-called production centers, which have been located in three countries; Latvia, India, and the Philippines. We have gathered qualitative data from nine experts via theme-based interviews. The empirical data gathering has focused on revealing problems in the outsourcing practices. There were 74 mentions of different kinds of confronted problems. The differences between the studied countries in terms of the typical outsourcing problems have been noted and the results compared to the most important related works. The presented results on the studied thematic issues can be useful in their part for better understanding typical problems related to initiating and organizing similar IS-related offshore outsourcing activities.
A comparison was made of perceptions of IS personnel—especially of analysts, programmers and mana... more A comparison was made of perceptions of IS personnel—especially of analysts, programmers and managers—on factors relating to motivation and goal setting in Finland and the United States. The JDS/DP, a modification of the job diagnostic survey instrument, was used to collect data in these locations. The survey covered a statistically unbiased and representative sample in both countries. The results indicated significant similarities between the two populations. Not only were individual characteristics of growth-need and social-need similar, but their perception of job-related variables were also quite similar. The only differences found were in the job satisfaction of technical experts and in the feed-back on goals in most job-categories, both of which were lower in the Finnish population. In addition, the growth-need perceptions in both populations are among the highest of all jobs measured by JDS. Therefore, computer personnel tend to be more like each other, regardless of their country and origin, than their own cultural counterparts. With this information, IS managers in both countries can use proven techniques, such as job characteristic theory, to improve the motivation of IS personnel.
This paper examines the effects of gender, age, and income on the willingness to pay (WTP) for mu... more This paper examines the effects of gender, age, and income on the willingness to pay (WTP) for music downloads. The examination is based on an online survey of 1 330 Finnish consumers conducted in June 2010. The analysis of the survey data follows a two-phase strategy. In the first phase, the effects of the explanatory variables on the consumers’ unwillingness to pay (UWTP) for album and track downloads are examined by using contingency tables and the Pearson’s χ 2 tests of independence. In the second phase, the effects of the explanatory variables on the consumers’ actual WTP for album and track downloads are examined by using one-way analysis of variance (1-ANOVA) and post-hoc multiple comparisons. The results of the analysis suggest that there are several statistically significant differences in the WTP for albums and tracks between the examined consumer segments. These findings and their implications should be taken into consideration in the future business models of music downl...
Technical issues currently dominate public and academic discussion of the information society. Th... more Technical issues currently dominate public and academic discussion of the information society. There appears to be abundant optimism about the application of new technology in the construction of an information society for citizens. Individualism, formalised in the notion of postmodernism, promotes the idea of an individual-centric information society, in which individuals are connected with technology in terms of individual wants. This paper questions the current trend, in which the bigger picture seems to be lost. There are already clear indications that the cost of the prevailing ITdriven cultural phenomena will be high in terms of well-being.
This paper describes a way to build a conceptual model for diversified purposes of modelling Ente... more This paper describes a way to build a conceptual model for diversified purposes of modelling Enterprise Architectures (EA). It is commonly known that, due to the complexity, Enterprise Architectures need to be considered from several viewpoints. This provokes an integration problem: how to ensure that parallel EA models are consistent. We believe that the best way to solve this problem is to build a generic conceptual model (or an ontology) that is based on the purpose and needs of EA modelling rather than on the metamodels or modelling techniques of the prevailing (viewpoint-specific) domains of EA modelling. In other words, instead of aggregating existing sub-domains of EA we should try to find the core concepts through analyzing the EA domain as a whole. We emphasize the importance of the process through which the conceptual model is produced. Therefore, besides the conceptual skeleton and its utilization we provide an in-depth description of the modelling process we have develop...
Halttunen, Veikko Consumer Behavior in Digital Era – General Aspects and Findings of Empirical St... more Halttunen, Veikko Consumer Behavior in Digital Era – General Aspects and Findings of Empirical Studies on Digital Music with a Retrospective Discussion Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2016, 70 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Computing. ISSN 1456-5390; 235) ISBN 978-951-39-6641-6 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6642-3 (PDF) Digitization of products and processes has changed consumer behavior in several ways. Changes can be found not only in human actions but also in attitudes and ethics. The music industry has been a pioneer in digitized societies. In the new millennium it has also faced the downsides of the development: digital piracy and, as a consequence of it, declining revenues. These threats are not limited to the music industry but concern many other sectors whose products can be digitized. The mainstream of previous and contemporary IS/IT research has been optimistic and emphasized the positive impacts of digitalization. Those who have considered the negative impacts, such as the consequ...
During recent years, our ways of acquiring and consuming recorded music have changed drastically.... more During recent years, our ways of acquiring and consuming recorded music have changed drastically. This paper provides an exploration of the acquisition and consumption behaviour of modern recorded music consumers by examining (1) how modern consumers acquire and consume recorded music, and (2) what kind of perceptions of relative advantages and disadvantages drive their usage of different acquisition channels. The paper approaches the topic from a holistic and interpretive perspective and is based on a semi-structured interview study of 14 young Finnish consumers of recorded music. The findings of the study show significant divergence in the acquisition and consumption behaviour between different consumers. They also suggest that the acquisition channel choices in the context of recorded music consumption are driven by very divergent perceptions of the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the channels. These perceptions vary vastly from both one channel and one cons...
Outsourcing means using factors which are external to an organization to perform its functions wh... more Outsourcing means using factors which are external to an organization to perform its functions whereas offshore outsourcing relies on using foreign resources to perform those functions. We focus in this paper on offshore outsourcing of information systems (ISs). We have conducted an exploratory case study of outsourcing IS support services. The services have been outsourced by a supplier organization which has been based in Finland. Main parts of its customer support services have been allocated to so-called production centers, which have been located in three countries; Latvia, India, and the Philippines. We have gathered qualitative data from nine experts via theme-based interviews. The empirical data gathering has focused on revealing problems in the outsourcing practices. There were 74 mentions of different kinds of confronted problems. The differences between the studied countries in terms of the typical outsourcing problems have been noted and the results compared to the most important related works. The presented results on the studied thematic issues can be useful in their part for better understanding typical problems related to initiating and organizing similar IS-related offshore outsourcing activities.
A comparison was made of perceptions of IS personnel—especially of analysts, programmers and mana... more A comparison was made of perceptions of IS personnel—especially of analysts, programmers and managers—on factors relating to motivation and goal setting in Finland and the United States. The JDS/DP, a modification of the job diagnostic survey instrument, was used to collect data in these locations. The survey covered a statistically unbiased and representative sample in both countries. The results indicated significant similarities between the two populations. Not only were individual characteristics of growth-need and social-need similar, but their perception of job-related variables were also quite similar. The only differences found were in the job satisfaction of technical experts and in the feed-back on goals in most job-categories, both of which were lower in the Finnish population. In addition, the growth-need perceptions in both populations are among the highest of all jobs measured by JDS. Therefore, computer personnel tend to be more like each other, regardless of their country and origin, than their own cultural counterparts. With this information, IS managers in both countries can use proven techniques, such as job characteristic theory, to improve the motivation of IS personnel.
Uploads
Papers by Veikko Halttunen