Papers by Veselin Goranchev
Епохи, 2022
The article presents information about the economic activity of Eustati Selveli in 1843, a
promin... more The article presents information about the economic activity of Eustati Selveli in 1843, a
prominent Renaissance entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century. It is a continuation of two previous
publications that examined this activity of his in the period 1831–1842.
In 1843, Eustati Selveli took active part in at least two business structures – the trading company called
“Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev and Company,” founded together with Hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev, and the
trading company called “Eustati Hadji Nikolaou Selveli and Company,” established together with Atanas
hadji Nikolaou. Both were set up in 1841.
The main part of the information presented in this article was acquired on the basis of Greek-language
documents that are stored in the State Archives of Veliko Tarnovo and in the archives of the Regional Museum
of History in Veliko Tarnovo. These include contracts concluded between Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji
Nikolaou, a commercial notebook that belonged to their partnership, and a personal notebook of Eustati Selveli.
The indicated historical sources contain information about the material and financial condition of Eustati
Selveli and about his joint business activity with Atanas hadji Nikolaou.
The article presents information about the business partners of Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou
in the year under review; the items which the partners traded in and their prices; the monetary units they
used when paying for supplies and their value equal to grosh (the local coin at the time); the ways of delivery
of the goods, etc.
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Журнал за исторически и археологически изследвания, 2023
This article presents information about the economic activity of
the 19th century Tarnovo entrepr... more This article presents information about the economic activity of
the 19th century Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure Eustati Selveli in 1844.
During the year under review E. Selveli participated in at least two
business structures. These were the trading companies “Hadji Mincho Hadji
Tsachev and Company” and “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and Company”. In the
first, he worked together with Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev who was also the
main shareholder in it, and in the second, with one of his earliest partners (most
probably the earliest one) – Atanas Hadji Nikolaou. The information that the
preserved documents provide on the general economic activity of E. Selvleli and
Hadji Mincho in 1844 is rather scarce. Historical sources contain richer
information on the general activity of E. Selveli and At. H. Nikolaou. The main
source on the matter is the trade notebook of the partners. It was kept in Greek
and covered the period 1842–1845.
In this sense, the publication reveals more details on the activity of the
trading company “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and company” and more specifically
presents information on the main business partners of the associates; the goods
they traded in; their volume and prices; the monetary units they used in their
business activity and their equivalent in grosh (the local coin at the time); the roads that the goods were transported, etc.
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This publication presents information about the origin and family environment of two of the most ... more This publication presents information about the origin and family environment of two of the most prominent representatives of the Bulgarian Revival elite in Tarnovo in the 19th century: Evstati Hadji
Nikolov Panitsa and Evstati Hadji Nikolov Selveli. This is required due to the overlap in their first and middle names, which is a prerequisite for inaccuracies when we come across the name of Evstati Hadji Nikolaou (as recorded in the documents of the 19th century).
Several authors have provided information about Evstati Hadji Nikolov Panitsa. The most complete in this regard is Elena Statelova’s study dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family.
As for Evstati Selveli, the only information we find is contained in the biographical and bibliographical reference book Belezhiti Tarnovtsi (Famous Tarnovo Residents), where it is more than scarce. Historical data
on this issue, however, are “hidden“ among the Greek-language documents stored in many of our archives. The facts derived from these documents are set out in this study.
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ОТ ЗАЛМОКСИС ДО КЕТЦАЛКОАТЛ. ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ В ЧЕСТ НА 65-ГОДИШНИНАТА НА ДОЦ. д-р СТЕФАН ЙОРДАНОВ, 2020
The current publication examines the deeds of a number of secret informers of the Russian author... more The current publication examines the deeds of a number of secret informers of the Russian authorities in the 17th c., which were from the territories of the Ottoman Empire and represented the higher clergy of the Orthodox East. In the century in question a number of high clergymen - patriarchs and metropolitans, some of them ruling over eparchies in the Bulgarian lands, put themselves in the service of Russia. Apart from delivering important information to Moscow, these representatives of the higher clergy also played the role of Russian political agents in the Ottoman Empire.
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JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCH: RENAISSANCE. EARLY MODERN AND MODERN HISTORY, 2019
In its first part, this publication presents general information about the ambassadorial prikaz. ... more In its first part, this publication presents general information about the ambassadorial prikaz. It is a part of the so-called Prikaz System in Russia, whose nascency date back to the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century, and has existed for more than 200 years. During its existence, the ambassadorial prikaz carried out various tasks, the main one being the conduct of the foreign affairs of the Russian state. It was closed with the liquidation of the Prikaz System in the early 18th century.
The second and main part of the publication discusses the activities of the ambassadorial prikaz in the managing the visits from the Orthodox East to the Russian lands. For this purpose, a document is used, which is stored in the RSAAA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The document is from the middle of the 17th century’. It is written in Russian and in essence is a file that provides information about the visitation in Russia of a delegation from the Monastery "Transfiguration of Jesus" of the Greven Diocese. The delegation is led by Archimandrite Gavril (Gabriel). In its composition are also the butler of the monastery David, Hieromonk Joseph and a translator whose name in Russian is written as Mihailo Ostafiev. The contents of the file provide detailed information on the activities of the Russian authorities and, in particular, on the ambassadorial prikaz on the managing the visits from the Orthodox East in Russian lands.
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Исторически преглед, кн. 3-4, 2015
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Известия на ЦСИИ, 2018
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Известия на РИМ – В. Търново, XXXIV, 2019
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Годишник на Историческия факултет - ВТУ "Св. св. Кирил и Методий", 2018
This publication presents segmented texts and translations in Bulgarian language of three Greek-l... more This publication presents segmented texts and translations in Bulgarian language of three Greek-language documents from Fund 963 K-Commercial House "Bratya Rusovich"-Arbanassi village. The archive is stored in State Archive-Veliko Tarnovo. The documents provide information about part of the business activity of the 19th century Arbanassi entrepreneur, Cyril Dimitrov Rusovic, and in particular about his practice of granting loans. The publication also provides information on the origin and commercial activity of Cyril Rusovic.
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Годишник на Историческия факултет - ВТУ "Св. св. Кирил и Методий", 2017
This publication presents two Greek-language pre-marriage contracts fromfund 963K-Trade House "Br... more This publication presents two Greek-language pre-marriage contracts fromfund 963K-Trade House "Brothers Rusovich"-Arbanasi village, which are stored in the Archives State Agency-Veliko Tarnovo. They refer to the marriage between Atanas Dimitrov Rusovich and the daughter of Georgi Hadji Iliya-Maria. They were made in Arbanasi on October 25, 1859. One was made on behalf of the bride's father and the other on behalf of the groom-Atanas Rusovich. The pre-marriage contracts presented in this publication are composed in the same way following a certain pattern, according to the dominant Orthodox traditions at that time, beginning with the glory of God and praying to the Mother of God for the blessing ofthe marriage. The document, written on behalf of Georgi Hadji Iliya, describes in detail the dowry he gives to his daughter, and in the one prepared by Atanas Rusovich are mentioned the premarital gifts he makes to his future wife. In the final part of both documents, again in the spirit of the traditions of the epoch, the significance of the parents' blessing for the marriage is emphasized. The contracts have been confirmed by witnesses, including clergymen. The historical sources presented in this publication provide information on the one hand, about the property status and living standards of the people on whose behalf they are composed, and on the other hand, about the customs and mentality of our ancestors from the middle of the 19th century.
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ // Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tаrnovo, 2019
This publication presents information on the relations between Russia, the Orthodox East and Bulg... more This publication presents information on the relations between Russia, the Orthodox East and Bulgarian lands in the 15th and 17th centuries. During the period under study, Russia was the only independent Orthodox state that gradually grew into an empire and naturally claimed the Byzantine heritage. The Russian rulers manifested themselves as major contributors to the Eastern churches within the Ottoman Empire. In this context, a number of high-ranking representatives of the Orthodox East have appealed for alms (assistance) to the Russian authorities. Some of these priestswere also acting as political agents and informants of the Moscow authorities.
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“ // Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tаrnovo, 2019
The current publication presents information about the so-called War of Candia between the Ottoma... more The current publication presents information about the so-called War of Candia between the Ottoman Empire and Venice for the island of Crete. The war began in 1645 and was won by the Ottomans in 1669. By so doing, they became the all-powerful sovereigns of the Eastern Mediterranean, while Venice gradually lost its authority as a naval power. Works of prestigious Bulgarian and foreign authors have been used in the publication. For the first time excerpts of two letters, written in Greek by an Orthodox priest to the Russian Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich, are cited. The priest signed the letters under the name Daniil and claimed to be metropolitan of Tarnovo (the post was vacant in the middle of the 17 th c.), and the letters give information about the course of the war.
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий” Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tаrnovo, 2018
The current publication presents the segmented texts, the translations into Bulgarian, as well as... more The current publication presents the segmented texts, the translations into Bulgarian, as well as a brief comment of three Greek-speaking documents from the archives of the Rusovich family from Arbanassi. The originals of the documents are kept in Fund 963K-"Brothers Rusovich" Trade House-Arbanassi village in the State Archive-Veliko Tarnovo. They provide information about the life and activities of the founder of the family-Rusi Nikolau, as well as about the fulfilled practices in the use of financial instruments and the solution of financial-economic arguments at the beginning of the 19 th century. Настоящата публикация представя сегментираните текстове, преводите на български език и кратък коментар на три документа от гръкоезичната част на рода Русович от Арбанаси. Оригиналите на документите се съхраняват във фонд 963 К-Търговска къща "Братя Русович"-село Арбанаси в ДА-Велико Търново. Представят информация както за живота и дейността на основоположника на рода-Руси Николау, така и за осъществяваните практики при използването на финансови инструменти и решаването на финансово-стопански спорове в началото на XIX в. Руси Николау е преселник в Арбанаси. Неговите корени са от Тревненския балкан (Трявна или околните села)-факт, който категорично показва неговия български произход. Установява се в Ар-банаси и създава семейство преди опустошаването и разграбването на селището от кърджалиите през 1798 г. Името на неговата съпруга е Анастасия. Съществуват основания да допуснем, че тя е наследница на високопоставен местен род. Руси и Анастасия се сдобиват с наследници, поне част от които са родени преди 1798 г. и по същото време са невръстни деца. Сред тях има поне един син, на име Димитър, и поне две дъщери. Много вероятно е дъщерите в семейството да са четири-Кириаки, Ланбу (Ламбу), Теодора и Па-раскеви. Първоначално Руси Николау упражнява терзийския (шивашкия) занаят. Наемател е на дюкян, собственост на църквата "Св. Димитър", който вероятно се е намирал в централната част на Арбанаси, където е била оформена чаршийската (пазарната) част на селището. Документите от фонд 963 К дават основание да допуснем, че той се опитва да разшири своята занаятчийска дейност, като я доразвие в търговска. При това той използва финансови инструменти, а при разрешаване на стопанско-финансовите спорове със своите партньори се обръща към съдебните институции. Можем да допуснем, че в дейността си Руси Николау включва и членовете на семейството, които са представители на Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ "Св. св. Кирил и Методий" Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS]
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий” // Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tаrnovo, 2018
The publication presents information on the family history and public activity of the representat... more The publication presents information on the family history and public activity of the representatives of four generations of the National Revival family Rusovich from Arbanasi, Veliko Tarnovo. It covers the period from the last decades of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The founder of the family is Rusi Nicolau. He originates from Tryavna Balkan (Tryavna or the surrounding villages). He settles in Arbanassi and sets up a family before the devastation and plundering of the village by the КardzhaliiVillans in 1798. The main part of the presentation is based on unpublished Greek-language documents from the archive of the family, which is stored in the 963K Fund-"Brothers Rusovich" trade house-the State Archive of Arbanasi village-Veliko Tarnovo.
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий” // Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo, 2017
The present study presents a little known Greek-language document from the second half of the XIX... more The present study presents a little known Greek-language document from the second half of the XIX century-a commercial notebook from 1878. It was owned by the merchant Cyril Dimitrov Rusovich from Arbanassi, Veliko Tarnovo. It is kept in the State Archive-Veliko Tarnovo as archival unit under number 56 of Fund 963K-"Brothers Rusovich" Trade House-Arbanassi village. The notebook offers the opportunity to trace the business activities of Cyril Rusovic in 1878, his trading partners, as well as the object of his commercial activity. It also provides clear information on the revenues of the shop that was opened in the same year.
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Списание ЕПОХИ Издание на Историческия факултет на ВТУ „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”// Journal EPOHI [EPOCHS] Edition of the Department of History of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo, 2017
This article presents information about the history of the village of Arbanasi situated in the cl... more This article presents information about the history of the village of Arbanasi situated in the close proximity of the town of Veliko Tarnovo. The theses of the researchers working on the problem of the origin of the village are stated in it. The analysis of the information presses the view that most likely Arbanasi was founded either in the second half of the 15 th century or in the beginning of the 16th century. The publication gives demographic datum about the village and information about the participation of its inhabitants in the struggle for national liberation. The economic development of the village is examined in details as well as the development of the educational work in it. The text is based on a wide range of studies and the information known so far is complemented with new facts obtained from historical records in Greek from the private archives of Georgy Popsimeonov-one of the most educated inhabitants of Arbanasi in those days ("St. Cyril and St. Methodius" National Library-Bulgarian Historical Archive, fund 36) and from the private archives of one of the most outstanding Arbanasi resident families-the Rusovich (State Archives-Veliko Tarnovo, fund 963K). The deciphering and the translation of the historical documents have been done by the author of the publication.
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Conference Presentations by Veselin Goranchev
Известия на ЦСИИ / Proceedings of CEHR, Vol. VII, 2022
The publication aims to present information about the economic activity
of the prominent Tarnovo ... more The publication aims to present information about the economic activity
of the prominent Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century Evstati
Selveli. The research uses previously unpublished Greek-language documents: a
personal notebook of Evstati Selveli kept in the Regional Historical Museum in Veliko
Tarnovo, an account-book that belonged to a partnership established between him and
Atatnas Hadzhi Nikolaou, as well as two of their commercial contracts kept in the State
Archives in Veliko Tarnovo. The mentioned primary sources shed light on the business
activities which took place in 1842. The partnership of Evstati Selveli and Atanas
Hadzhi Nikolaou, functioning in 1842, was established in 1841. We have reason to
assume that its name was "Evstati Hadzhi N. Selveli and Company". The partners
maintained a wide range of contacts - both in the Bulgarian lands and in
Constantinople. The publication sheds light on several important issues: the names of
the business partners; the goods they traded with; the volume and prices of the traded
comodities; the trade routes along which they were transported; the payment methods
and terms; the used currency, etc. The commodities that E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi
Nikolaou imported to the Bulgarian lands were different types of yarns, unbleached
calico, basma and other kinds of cotton cloth and materials, etc. They exported rose oil
and silk from the Bulgarian lands to the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. The main
flow of imported goods came from Constantinople, through intermediaries. From the
Ottoman capital the goods were transported by ships to Varna from where they were
dispatched to the interior of the Bulgarian lands. Evstati Selveli and Atatnas Hadzhi
Nikolaou also maintained close commercial ties with Vienna and, more specifically,
with another entrepreneur who originated in Tarnovo – Luka Hadzhi Paraskeva.
Unfortunately, we do not have detailed information about the nature of their contacts
in 1842. The main conclusion is that during 1842 the traded goods and raw materials
sent and/or received to/from E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi Nikolaou passed over
309
Constantinople which means that the capital of the Ottoman Empire served as an
important trading hub for the Tarnovo entrepreneurs.
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Известия на ЦСИИ / Proceedings of CEHR, Vol. VI, 2021, 2021
One of the earliest examples of trade agreements was used in the ancient Arab world. The so-calle... more One of the earliest examples of trade agreements was used in the ancient Arab world. The so-called “Akd”, which is part of the business documentation used by companies during the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750), is the equivalent of the trade contract. It was through contracts, that the Venetian “sea command” (commenda marittima) of the Florentine “company” (compagnia) was created and terminated.
The emergence and widespread usage of the trade contract by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian National Revival period is a result of the natural imposition of the new model of economic behaviour at the dawn of the Modern Age. An important role in this process was played by the economic contacts of our ancestors in the previous period (15th-17th centuries) with the merchants operating in the Bulgarian lands, subjects of foreign countries, whose economies and markets developed faster than those in the Ottoman Empire.
In the Bulgarian and foreign archives, in the museum funds and in private collections there are many trade contracts stored, prepared by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian Revival. Unfortunately, so far these sources of information have not been fully used in historical research. The oldest trade agreements known to us, in which the dominant participation of Bulgarians is attested, are from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century.
The study of trade contracts prepared by Bulgarian entrepreneurs during the National Revival period is an important process that would contribute to the study of the professional experience of Bulgarians during the era, their commercial and legal knowledge, as well as the level of development of major Bulgarian production and trade structures.
The proposed article aims to present six commercial contracts and, as far as possible, to enrich the broad topic related to this type of business documents. It examines the history of this type of documents with economic content, their types, their appearance and development in the Bulgarian lands.
253
The commercial contracts presented in the current article are part of Fund 82K – Trading House “Nikola Minchoolu & Evstati Selveli and company”, which is stored in DA – Veliko Turnovo. They cover the period from the early 40s to the early 50s of the 19th century. The documents were prepared in line with the tradition of the era in Greek language, which for a long time used to be the commercial language in the Balkans, while the traders from the Peninsula were collectively known as “Greek merchants”.
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ORTHODOX SCIENTIST IN MODERN WORLD. VALUES OF ORTHODOX WORLD AND CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY MATERIALS OF THE IV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. VORONEZH, , 2015
A modem village of Arbanasi (archaic Greek Αλβανιτοχώρι) is in the central part of Northern Bulga... more A modem village of Arbanasi (archaic Greek Αλβανιτοχώρι) is in the central part of Northern Bulgaria, in 4 km to the northwest from the city of Veliko Tarnovo. It is one of the 10 settlements in the Bulgarian territory which had akin names - Arbanasi, Amaud, Amautkoy (1). As the name of the village suggests, it is connected with the presence of the ethnic Albanians in it. The problem of origin and early history of Arbanasi more than once was an object of historic research. Despite this there is still no consensus. Some researchers assume that the village arose with the resettlement of the Albanians, Greeks, Walachs or Bulgarians from the Epirus region. As a result of specific features of the population ethnic structure and contacts with Northern Greece at the level of institutions, as well as at the social level, communication was in Greek. The writing system created by residents of Arbanasi was only in Greek.
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ВЛАДЕТЕЛ, ДЪРЖАВА И ЦЪРКВА НА БАЛКАНИТЕ ПРЕЗ СРЕДНОВЕКОВИЕТО Сборник с доклади от международна научна конференция, посветена на 60-годишнината на проф. д-р Пламен Павлов, Част 2, 2020
Abstract: The publication presents a seal (probably ring-seal) from Arbanassi, Veliko Tarnovo wit... more Abstract: The publication presents a seal (probably ring-seal) from Arbanassi, Veliko Tarnovo with the inscription “Lupu” on it. The seal is placed on a document of fund 36 – Georgi
Popsimeonov, which is kept in the archive of Bulgarian historical archive at the National Library
“St. St. Cyril and Methodius”. The seal belongs to the founder of Rusovich National revival family – Russi Nicolau.
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Papers by Veselin Goranchev
prominent Renaissance entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century. It is a continuation of two previous
publications that examined this activity of his in the period 1831–1842.
In 1843, Eustati Selveli took active part in at least two business structures – the trading company called
“Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev and Company,” founded together with Hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev, and the
trading company called “Eustati Hadji Nikolaou Selveli and Company,” established together with Atanas
hadji Nikolaou. Both were set up in 1841.
The main part of the information presented in this article was acquired on the basis of Greek-language
documents that are stored in the State Archives of Veliko Tarnovo and in the archives of the Regional Museum
of History in Veliko Tarnovo. These include contracts concluded between Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji
Nikolaou, a commercial notebook that belonged to their partnership, and a personal notebook of Eustati Selveli.
The indicated historical sources contain information about the material and financial condition of Eustati
Selveli and about his joint business activity with Atanas hadji Nikolaou.
The article presents information about the business partners of Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou
in the year under review; the items which the partners traded in and their prices; the monetary units they
used when paying for supplies and their value equal to grosh (the local coin at the time); the ways of delivery
of the goods, etc.
the 19th century Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure Eustati Selveli in 1844.
During the year under review E. Selveli participated in at least two
business structures. These were the trading companies “Hadji Mincho Hadji
Tsachev and Company” and “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and Company”. In the
first, he worked together with Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev who was also the
main shareholder in it, and in the second, with one of his earliest partners (most
probably the earliest one) – Atanas Hadji Nikolaou. The information that the
preserved documents provide on the general economic activity of E. Selvleli and
Hadji Mincho in 1844 is rather scarce. Historical sources contain richer
information on the general activity of E. Selveli and At. H. Nikolaou. The main
source on the matter is the trade notebook of the partners. It was kept in Greek
and covered the period 1842–1845.
In this sense, the publication reveals more details on the activity of the
trading company “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and company” and more specifically
presents information on the main business partners of the associates; the goods
they traded in; their volume and prices; the monetary units they used in their
business activity and their equivalent in grosh (the local coin at the time); the roads that the goods were transported, etc.
Nikolov Panitsa and Evstati Hadji Nikolov Selveli. This is required due to the overlap in their first and middle names, which is a prerequisite for inaccuracies when we come across the name of Evstati Hadji Nikolaou (as recorded in the documents of the 19th century).
Several authors have provided information about Evstati Hadji Nikolov Panitsa. The most complete in this regard is Elena Statelova’s study dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family.
As for Evstati Selveli, the only information we find is contained in the biographical and bibliographical reference book Belezhiti Tarnovtsi (Famous Tarnovo Residents), where it is more than scarce. Historical data
on this issue, however, are “hidden“ among the Greek-language documents stored in many of our archives. The facts derived from these documents are set out in this study.
The second and main part of the publication discusses the activities of the ambassadorial prikaz in the managing the visits from the Orthodox East to the Russian lands. For this purpose, a document is used, which is stored in the RSAAA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The document is from the middle of the 17th century’. It is written in Russian and in essence is a file that provides information about the visitation in Russia of a delegation from the Monastery "Transfiguration of Jesus" of the Greven Diocese. The delegation is led by Archimandrite Gavril (Gabriel). In its composition are also the butler of the monastery David, Hieromonk Joseph and a translator whose name in Russian is written as Mihailo Ostafiev. The contents of the file provide detailed information on the activities of the Russian authorities and, in particular, on the ambassadorial prikaz on the managing the visits from the Orthodox East in Russian lands.
Conference Presentations by Veselin Goranchev
of the prominent Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century Evstati
Selveli. The research uses previously unpublished Greek-language documents: a
personal notebook of Evstati Selveli kept in the Regional Historical Museum in Veliko
Tarnovo, an account-book that belonged to a partnership established between him and
Atatnas Hadzhi Nikolaou, as well as two of their commercial contracts kept in the State
Archives in Veliko Tarnovo. The mentioned primary sources shed light on the business
activities which took place in 1842. The partnership of Evstati Selveli and Atanas
Hadzhi Nikolaou, functioning in 1842, was established in 1841. We have reason to
assume that its name was "Evstati Hadzhi N. Selveli and Company". The partners
maintained a wide range of contacts - both in the Bulgarian lands and in
Constantinople. The publication sheds light on several important issues: the names of
the business partners; the goods they traded with; the volume and prices of the traded
comodities; the trade routes along which they were transported; the payment methods
and terms; the used currency, etc. The commodities that E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi
Nikolaou imported to the Bulgarian lands were different types of yarns, unbleached
calico, basma and other kinds of cotton cloth and materials, etc. They exported rose oil
and silk from the Bulgarian lands to the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. The main
flow of imported goods came from Constantinople, through intermediaries. From the
Ottoman capital the goods were transported by ships to Varna from where they were
dispatched to the interior of the Bulgarian lands. Evstati Selveli and Atatnas Hadzhi
Nikolaou also maintained close commercial ties with Vienna and, more specifically,
with another entrepreneur who originated in Tarnovo – Luka Hadzhi Paraskeva.
Unfortunately, we do not have detailed information about the nature of their contacts
in 1842. The main conclusion is that during 1842 the traded goods and raw materials
sent and/or received to/from E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi Nikolaou passed over
309
Constantinople which means that the capital of the Ottoman Empire served as an
important trading hub for the Tarnovo entrepreneurs.
The emergence and widespread usage of the trade contract by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian National Revival period is a result of the natural imposition of the new model of economic behaviour at the dawn of the Modern Age. An important role in this process was played by the economic contacts of our ancestors in the previous period (15th-17th centuries) with the merchants operating in the Bulgarian lands, subjects of foreign countries, whose economies and markets developed faster than those in the Ottoman Empire.
In the Bulgarian and foreign archives, in the museum funds and in private collections there are many trade contracts stored, prepared by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian Revival. Unfortunately, so far these sources of information have not been fully used in historical research. The oldest trade agreements known to us, in which the dominant participation of Bulgarians is attested, are from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century.
The study of trade contracts prepared by Bulgarian entrepreneurs during the National Revival period is an important process that would contribute to the study of the professional experience of Bulgarians during the era, their commercial and legal knowledge, as well as the level of development of major Bulgarian production and trade structures.
The proposed article aims to present six commercial contracts and, as far as possible, to enrich the broad topic related to this type of business documents. It examines the history of this type of documents with economic content, their types, their appearance and development in the Bulgarian lands.
253
The commercial contracts presented in the current article are part of Fund 82K – Trading House “Nikola Minchoolu & Evstati Selveli and company”, which is stored in DA – Veliko Turnovo. They cover the period from the early 40s to the early 50s of the 19th century. The documents were prepared in line with the tradition of the era in Greek language, which for a long time used to be the commercial language in the Balkans, while the traders from the Peninsula were collectively known as “Greek merchants”.
Popsimeonov, which is kept in the archive of Bulgarian historical archive at the National Library
“St. St. Cyril and Methodius”. The seal belongs to the founder of Rusovich National revival family – Russi Nicolau.
prominent Renaissance entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century. It is a continuation of two previous
publications that examined this activity of his in the period 1831–1842.
In 1843, Eustati Selveli took active part in at least two business structures – the trading company called
“Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev and Company,” founded together with Hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev, and the
trading company called “Eustati Hadji Nikolaou Selveli and Company,” established together with Atanas
hadji Nikolaou. Both were set up in 1841.
The main part of the information presented in this article was acquired on the basis of Greek-language
documents that are stored in the State Archives of Veliko Tarnovo and in the archives of the Regional Museum
of History in Veliko Tarnovo. These include contracts concluded between Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji
Nikolaou, a commercial notebook that belonged to their partnership, and a personal notebook of Eustati Selveli.
The indicated historical sources contain information about the material and financial condition of Eustati
Selveli and about his joint business activity with Atanas hadji Nikolaou.
The article presents information about the business partners of Eustati Selveli and Atanas hadji Nikolaou
in the year under review; the items which the partners traded in and their prices; the monetary units they
used when paying for supplies and their value equal to grosh (the local coin at the time); the ways of delivery
of the goods, etc.
the 19th century Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure Eustati Selveli in 1844.
During the year under review E. Selveli participated in at least two
business structures. These were the trading companies “Hadji Mincho Hadji
Tsachev and Company” and “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and Company”. In the
first, he worked together with Hadji Mincho Hadji Tsachev who was also the
main shareholder in it, and in the second, with one of his earliest partners (most
probably the earliest one) – Atanas Hadji Nikolaou. The information that the
preserved documents provide on the general economic activity of E. Selvleli and
Hadji Mincho in 1844 is rather scarce. Historical sources contain richer
information on the general activity of E. Selveli and At. H. Nikolaou. The main
source on the matter is the trade notebook of the partners. It was kept in Greek
and covered the period 1842–1845.
In this sense, the publication reveals more details on the activity of the
trading company “Eustati Hadji N. Selveli and company” and more specifically
presents information on the main business partners of the associates; the goods
they traded in; their volume and prices; the monetary units they used in their
business activity and their equivalent in grosh (the local coin at the time); the roads that the goods were transported, etc.
Nikolov Panitsa and Evstati Hadji Nikolov Selveli. This is required due to the overlap in their first and middle names, which is a prerequisite for inaccuracies when we come across the name of Evstati Hadji Nikolaou (as recorded in the documents of the 19th century).
Several authors have provided information about Evstati Hadji Nikolov Panitsa. The most complete in this regard is Elena Statelova’s study dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family.
As for Evstati Selveli, the only information we find is contained in the biographical and bibliographical reference book Belezhiti Tarnovtsi (Famous Tarnovo Residents), where it is more than scarce. Historical data
on this issue, however, are “hidden“ among the Greek-language documents stored in many of our archives. The facts derived from these documents are set out in this study.
The second and main part of the publication discusses the activities of the ambassadorial prikaz in the managing the visits from the Orthodox East to the Russian lands. For this purpose, a document is used, which is stored in the RSAAA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The document is from the middle of the 17th century’. It is written in Russian and in essence is a file that provides information about the visitation in Russia of a delegation from the Monastery "Transfiguration of Jesus" of the Greven Diocese. The delegation is led by Archimandrite Gavril (Gabriel). In its composition are also the butler of the monastery David, Hieromonk Joseph and a translator whose name in Russian is written as Mihailo Ostafiev. The contents of the file provide detailed information on the activities of the Russian authorities and, in particular, on the ambassadorial prikaz on the managing the visits from the Orthodox East in Russian lands.
of the prominent Tarnovo entrepreneur and public figure of the 19th century Evstati
Selveli. The research uses previously unpublished Greek-language documents: a
personal notebook of Evstati Selveli kept in the Regional Historical Museum in Veliko
Tarnovo, an account-book that belonged to a partnership established between him and
Atatnas Hadzhi Nikolaou, as well as two of their commercial contracts kept in the State
Archives in Veliko Tarnovo. The mentioned primary sources shed light on the business
activities which took place in 1842. The partnership of Evstati Selveli and Atanas
Hadzhi Nikolaou, functioning in 1842, was established in 1841. We have reason to
assume that its name was "Evstati Hadzhi N. Selveli and Company". The partners
maintained a wide range of contacts - both in the Bulgarian lands and in
Constantinople. The publication sheds light on several important issues: the names of
the business partners; the goods they traded with; the volume and prices of the traded
comodities; the trade routes along which they were transported; the payment methods
and terms; the used currency, etc. The commodities that E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi
Nikolaou imported to the Bulgarian lands were different types of yarns, unbleached
calico, basma and other kinds of cotton cloth and materials, etc. They exported rose oil
and silk from the Bulgarian lands to the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. The main
flow of imported goods came from Constantinople, through intermediaries. From the
Ottoman capital the goods were transported by ships to Varna from where they were
dispatched to the interior of the Bulgarian lands. Evstati Selveli and Atatnas Hadzhi
Nikolaou also maintained close commercial ties with Vienna and, more specifically,
with another entrepreneur who originated in Tarnovo – Luka Hadzhi Paraskeva.
Unfortunately, we do not have detailed information about the nature of their contacts
in 1842. The main conclusion is that during 1842 the traded goods and raw materials
sent and/or received to/from E. Selveli and A. Hadzhi Nikolaou passed over
309
Constantinople which means that the capital of the Ottoman Empire served as an
important trading hub for the Tarnovo entrepreneurs.
The emergence and widespread usage of the trade contract by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian National Revival period is a result of the natural imposition of the new model of economic behaviour at the dawn of the Modern Age. An important role in this process was played by the economic contacts of our ancestors in the previous period (15th-17th centuries) with the merchants operating in the Bulgarian lands, subjects of foreign countries, whose economies and markets developed faster than those in the Ottoman Empire.
In the Bulgarian and foreign archives, in the museum funds and in private collections there are many trade contracts stored, prepared by entrepreneurs during the Bulgarian Revival. Unfortunately, so far these sources of information have not been fully used in historical research. The oldest trade agreements known to us, in which the dominant participation of Bulgarians is attested, are from the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century.
The study of trade contracts prepared by Bulgarian entrepreneurs during the National Revival period is an important process that would contribute to the study of the professional experience of Bulgarians during the era, their commercial and legal knowledge, as well as the level of development of major Bulgarian production and trade structures.
The proposed article aims to present six commercial contracts and, as far as possible, to enrich the broad topic related to this type of business documents. It examines the history of this type of documents with economic content, their types, their appearance and development in the Bulgarian lands.
253
The commercial contracts presented in the current article are part of Fund 82K – Trading House “Nikola Minchoolu & Evstati Selveli and company”, which is stored in DA – Veliko Turnovo. They cover the period from the early 40s to the early 50s of the 19th century. The documents were prepared in line with the tradition of the era in Greek language, which for a long time used to be the commercial language in the Balkans, while the traders from the Peninsula were collectively known as “Greek merchants”.
Popsimeonov, which is kept in the archive of Bulgarian historical archive at the National Library
“St. St. Cyril and Methodius”. The seal belongs to the founder of Rusovich National revival family – Russi Nicolau.
The information is presented in four chapters.
The first of them essentially examines the influence of Tarnovo Bulgaria on the Balkans and in the Russian lands, as well as the historical preconditions for this phenomenon.
The second chapter presents information about the processes in the Russian lands in the XV–XVII centuries and the attitude of the representatives of the Orthodox East towards Russia during this period.
The information presented in the third chapter concerns the activities of the Russians rulers for the popularization of Russia among the peoples of the Balkans peninsula and Russian aid to the Orthodox East during the period under review. Information about the visits of clergymen is also on display in the north, who are responding there to ask the Russian authorities for material assistance and political support. The last one
paragraph of the chapter sheds light on the activities of the Ambassador
a story that for a long time administered the visits of representatives of the Orthodox East in Russia.
In the fourth Chapter presents information on political agents and informants of Russian authorities from the Orthodox East and the Bulgarian lands in the period under consideration. The second paragraph provides information on the activity in this direction from the middle of the XVII century of the Metropolitan of Tarnovo Dionysius II,
which for at least a decade has served as informant of the Russian authorities about the events in the Ottoman Empire and in particular about the war between the empire and Venice for the island of Crete (1645-1669).
As applications in the form of facsimiles, segmented
text of the language in which they are prepared and translation into Bulgarian are presented three archival units from F. 52 Russia's relations with Greece at RGADA (Российский Государственный Архив Древних Актов). The documents date from the middle of the 17th century. The first archival unit contains files prepared in the Russian clerical language from the 17th century.
interesting historical sources that provide valuable information
for the order in the administration of the representatives of the Orthodox
east in the Russian lands in the middle of the century. The other two documents are letters written in Greek and addressed under a foreign name wounds from Metropolitan Dionysius II of Tarnovo to Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Some of the documents published in this edition are undated, and the oldest of the dated documents is from 1823. In general, these documents cover the period from the first decades of the nineteenth century to the 80s of the same century. They provide information about the family history of four generations of the representatives of the Rusovich family with the scope and subject of their economic activity. They reveal a significant part of their business partners. In a broader aspect, this information provides an opportunity to supplement our knowledge about the socio-economic development of Bulgarian society in the era of the Bulgarian Revival and the process of transition to modern times. On the other hand, they shed additional light on the scale of Greek cultural and linguistic influence in Arbanassi and in our lands in general in the 19th century.