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Antibioticsplay a major role in the treatment of numerous diseases in the oro-dental region.Dentists need to keep their knowledge updated regarding the pharmacology of antibiotics and there use in the treatment of dental infections for... more
Antibioticsplay a major role in the treatment of numerous diseases in the oro-dental region.Dentists need to keep their knowledge updated regarding the pharmacology of antibiotics and there use in the treatment of dental infections for children with a better understanding of action to provide better treatment and also to reduce misuse and over prescription of drugs to inhibit bacterial resistance. This review article is scripted with a motive to provide essential information of the antibiotics used in pediatric dentistry so as to render healthy information to parents and children.
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The purpose of this report is to present the case of a patient wherein apexification of an immature permanent maxillary left central incisor tooth was induced by the Metapex paste (Calcium hydroxide and Iodoform). It has been reported in... more
The purpose of this report is to present the case of a patient wherein apexification of an immature permanent maxillary left central incisor tooth was induced by the Metapex paste (Calcium hydroxide and Iodoform). It has been reported in the literature of dentistry that apexification treatment in teeth with open apex is more than 40 years old. Apexification procedures had been carried out in different ways using various techniques and materials. Regardless of the type of materials used for apexification method by different authors, apexification procedures appear to be the most subtle and accepted clinical practice in non-vital young permanent teeth. In our case, radiographic examination showed the start of apical closure 6 months after the completion of the treatment protocol. The growth of root end and complete apical closure was confirmed 16 months after the treatment, indicating the implausible potential of Metapex to induce apical growth and closure in young permanent tooth wit...
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Early Childhood Caries has been acknowledged as a root of severe decay in children at a global level. Most frequently we see involvement of upper incisors followed by the molars. This disturbs the phonetics and most importantly the... more
Early Childhood Caries has been acknowledged as a root of severe decay in children at a global level. Most frequently we see involvement of upper incisors followed by the molars. This disturbs the phonetics and most importantly the aesthetics of the child. Over the years, there have been plenteous studies concerning the restoration of primary teeth. As the technology advanced, the level of parental satisfaction with the conventional stainless-steel crowns lowered, this made the Paediatric dentists to search for an aesthetic restoration for the decayed primary tooth. Treatment of decayed anterior teeth can be done by a variety of techniques which includes Strip crowns, Polycarbonate crowns, Cheng crowns, acrylic crowns, Zirconia crowns and the most recent is Figaro crowns. The advent of such advanced techniques and materials helps in creating beautiful restorations which help children to improve their self-image as the child aesthetics is the guide to the adult aesthetics. This artic...
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RESUMO Objeti vo: Avaliar e comparar a efi cácia anti bacteriana de folhas de curry, alho e óleo de malaleuca sobre Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacilli. Método: O estudo teve duração de 14 dias. Trinta e seis crianças foram selecionadas e... more
RESUMO Objeti vo: Avaliar e comparar a efi cácia anti bacteriana de folhas de curry, alho e óleo de malaleuca sobre Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacilli. Método: O estudo teve duração de 14 dias. Trinta e seis crianças foram selecionadas e divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: Grupo I (solução de bochecho placebo), Grupo II (solução de bochecho de folhas de curry a 2,5%), Grupo III (solução de bochecho de alho a 2,5%), Grupo IV (solução de bochecho de óleo de malaleuca a 0,2%). As amostras iniciais de saliva (dia "0") foram coletadas na manhã do 1º dia após a escovação dos dentes. Após meia hora, todos os grupos uti lizaram 10 ml de solução de bochecho por 1 minuto, seguindo-se da coleta de amostra de saliva designada como amostra "1/2 hora". O uso da respecti va solução de bochecho duas vezes ao dia segui-se por 7 dias em cada grupo. As demais amostras de saliva foram coletadas na manhã do 3º e do 7º dia. Após o 7º dia, o regime foi interrompido e amostras d...
It is well-recognized fact that periodontal diseases are caused by multifactorial etiologies, in which microorganisms play an important role. An essential component of therapy is to eliminate or manage these pathogens. This has been... more
It is well-recognized fact that periodontal diseases are caused by multifactorial etiologies, in which microorganisms play an important role. An essential component of therapy is to eliminate or manage these pathogens. This has been traditionally accomplished through mechanical means by scaling and root planning which is ineffective in some of the aggressive periodontal diseases. These aggressive diseases involve particular groups of microorganisms which are not eliminated by mechanical means; and they require anti-infective therapy, which includes local and systemic antimicrobials. This approach of therapy is of interest to periodontist due to the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional methods. A manual and electronic search was made for human studies up to March 2011 that presented clinical and microbiological data for the efficacy of a systemic antibiotics in generalized aggressive periodontitis along with scaling and root planning. A systematic approach was followed by two independent reviewers and included eligibility criteria for study inclusion, quality assessment, and determination of outcome measures, data extraction, data synthesis, and drawing of conclusion. Only three randomized controlled human trials qualified, and they concluded that both scaling and root planing (SRP) mono-therapy and SRP with antibiotics proves beneficial in improving clinical and microbiological parameters in aggressive periodontitis. Better results were seen in SRP with antibiotic groups as compared with SRP alone. Because of the insufficient quantity and heterogenecity of studies, no adequate evidence could be gathered to use the beneficial effects of these antibiotics along with SRP in aggressive periodontitis compared with SRP alone.
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Segmental Orthodontics is an essential twig of Pediatric Orthodontics being practiced nowadays in growing children in mixed dentition worldwide. Early interception of malocclusion either involves full arch or a segment of arch to be... more
Segmental Orthodontics is an essential twig of Pediatric Orthodontics being practiced nowadays in growing children in mixed dentition worldwide. Early interception of malocclusion either involves full arch or a segment of arch to be treated for malocclusion; and when a segment is used, it is calculated as ‘Segmental Orthodontics’. It’s a simplified approach in interceptive orthodontics as it involves only a segment of few teeth which is more children friendly. The present case report displays derotation of maxillary central incisors in a male child with simplified segmental orthodontics in mixed dentition period. The results obtained were satisfactory and rapid. Therefore, this technique can be widely applied to treat such type of mixed dentition malocclusions.
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Forest plot is the graphical display of estimated results from a number of scientific studies included in Meta-Analysis. The name refers to the forest of lines produced. It is also known as a blobbogram and is a graphical representation... more
Forest plot is the graphical display of estimated results from a number of scientific studies included in Meta-Analysis. The name refers to the forest of lines produced. It is also known as a blobbogram and is a graphical representation of data from studies addressing the same question, along with the overall results. It was developed for use in medical research as a means of graphically representing a meta-analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials. One of the foremost advantages of these plots is that one can see and interpret the information from the individual studies that went into meta-analysis at a glance. It also highlights the amount of variation between the studies and an estimate of the overall result. This review article throws a light on the importance of forest plots and their interpretation in the field of dental research.
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Therapies involving plants have existed for thousands of years and some may be as old as human medicine itself. And one such medicinal plant is tulsi, which is also known as the queen of herbs. Tulsi is also mentioned by Charaka in the... more
Therapies involving plants have existed for thousands of years and some may be as old as human medicine itself. And one such medicinal plant is tulsi, which is also known as the queen of herbs. Tulsi is also mentioned by Charaka in the Charaka Samhita; Marked by its strong aroma and astringent taste, it is regarded in Ayurveda as a kind of “elixir of life” and believed to promote longevity. Tulsi is used for the treatment of common colds, headaches, stomach disorders, inflammation, heart disease, various forms of poisoning, and malaria. It also has an effective antibacterial potential and holds promise to combat oral pathogens. This review article throws a light on the clinical importance of tulsi in medicine and dentistry.
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Congenital cleft lip and palate is the most commonly found craniofacial defect. The most common problem in an infant with cleft lip and palate is the difficulty in feeding due to communication between oral and nasal cavity. Difficulty in... more
Congenital cleft lip and palate is the most commonly found craniofacial defect. The most common problem in an infant with cleft lip and palate is the difficulty in feeding due to communication between oral and nasal cavity. Difficulty in feeding leads to inadequate nutrition and affects the health of the infant. Feeding problems should be assessed and intervened as early as possible, as they are important aspect of the multidisciplinary team approach in the management of cleft lip and palate. Feeding obturator restores this gap and assists in feeding as well as helps in reduction of airway problems, regurgitations, and frequent infections. This clinical report describes a technique of fabrication of a feeding appliance in a 4 hours old neonate with veau type III cleft lip and palate. Keywords: Cleft lip; cleft palate; obturator; feeding appliance; feeding obturator; Veau Type III cleft lip and palate
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Curry leaves, Garlic and Tea tree oil mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Method: The study was carried out for 14 days. Thirty six children were... more
Objective: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Curry leaves, Garlic and Tea tree oil mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Method: The study was carried out for 14 days. Thirty six children were selected and randomly divided into four groups: group I (subjected to placebo mouthwash), Group II (subjected to 2.5% curry leaves mouthwash), group III (subjected to 2.5% garlic mouthwash), group IV (subjected to 0.2% tea tree oil mouthwash). Baseline samples (‘0’ day) were collected on the 1st day morning after brushing. After half an hour, all groups were subjected to 10 ml of mouthwash rinse for one minute as divided group wise followed by the collection of salivary sample designated as ‘1/2 hr’ sample. Daily twice rinsing of mouthwashes was carried out for 7 days as per group respectively. The rest of salivary samples were collected on 3rd day and 7th day morning. After 7th day, the regimen was discontinued and saliva sample was collected on the 1...
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Ozone gas has a high oxidation potential and is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It is highly valued for various effects, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, immune-stimulating etc. on biological systems. These... more
Ozone gas has a high oxidation potential and is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It is highly valued for various effects, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, immune-stimulating etc. on biological systems. These mechanisms of action supported with a lot of case reports and scientific studies allow using it in different fields of medicine. This review is an attempt to summarize different modalities of ozone application in dentistry. The exposition of molecular mechanisms of ozone further benefits practical function in dentistry. Further studies are necessary to standardize indications and treatment protocols of this promising medical agent.
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This review article throws a light on the background of theoretical and clinical aspects of apicoectomy procedure. Apicoectomy is also known as root resection, which means amputation of the apex of the root and is considered as a part of... more
This review article throws a light on the background of theoretical and clinical aspects of apicoectomy procedure. Apicoectomy is also known as root resection, which means amputation of the apex of the root and is considered as a part of peiradicular surgery. The periradicular surgery is a standard oral surgical procedure which includes surgical treatment of area surrounding root and is done when conventional root canal treatment does not suffice the infection. This procedure includes three important steps to eliminate persistent endodontic pathogens: surgical debridement of pathological periradicular tissue, root-end resection (apicoectomy), and retrograde root canal obturation (root-end filling). There is a plethora of literature on the clinical studies and case reports on apicoectomy procedure; our review adds an imperative segment to this standard protocol used in pediatric endodontics and the objective is to give the reader an acquaintance about apical surgery with latest updates.
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Oral pigmentation is both the usual and unusual discoloration of oral mucous membrane. Most of the pigmentation found in ginviva and oral mucosa is physiologic but sometimes it can be a forerunner of some systemic diseases. Oral... more
Oral pigmentation is both the usual and unusual discoloration of oral mucous membrane. Most of the pigmentation found in ginviva and oral mucosa is physiologic but sometimes it can be a forerunner of some systemic diseases. Oral pigmentation is associated with hormones, use or drugs, race and hereditary factors etc. Physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa is clinically manifested as multifocal or diffuse melanin pigmentation with variable prevalence. Clinical melanin pigmentation of the gingiva does not present a medical problem although complaints of “pigmented gingiva” may cause esthetic problems and awkwardness, particularly if the pigmentations are noticeable during speech and smiling. Various methods have been tried to treat this melanin pigmentation which hampers the esthetics.
Eruption of tooth at about 6 months of age is a momentous stage in child’s life and is an emotional event for the parents. Though, a tooth present in the oral cavity of new born can lead to a lot of delusions. The occurrence of natal and... more
Eruption of tooth at about 6 months of age is a momentous stage in child’s life and is an emotional event for the parents. Though, a tooth present in the oral cavity of new born can lead to a lot of delusions. The occurrence of natal and neonatal teeth is a scarce anomaly, which for centuries has been associated with assorted superstitions among different ethnic groups. Natal teeth are more frequent than neonatal teeth, with the ratio being approximately 3: 1. Natal and neonatal teeth are of paramount importance not only for a dentist but also for a paediatrician since their presence may lead to numerous complications. Early detection and treatment of these teeth are recommended because they may induce deformity or mutilation of tongue, dehydration, inadequate nutrients intake by the infant, and growth retardation, the pattern and time of eruption of teeth and its morphology. This paper reports a rare case, wherein a neonatal tooth has led to the development of a fibrous hyperplasia...
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of banding cements in terms of retentive capability and demineralization inhibition potential. METHODS We included 48 non-carious primary mandibular second molar teeth.... more
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of banding cements in terms of retentive capability and demineralization inhibition potential. METHODS We included 48 non-carious primary mandibular second molar teeth. Preformed stainless steel bands were adapted onto the teeth. All teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I (Adaptation of bands without cementation), Group II (Cementation of bands using conventional Glass Ionomer Cement), Group III (Cementation of bands using Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement), Group IV (Cementation of bands using Resin cement), and placed in artificial saliva. Each day, specimens were taken from artificial saliva and suspended in an artificial caries solution for 35 minutes, every 8 hours. At the end of 3 months, retention of bands was estimated using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The mode of failure was recorded and specimens were sectioned and examined under polarized microscope for demineralized lesions. RESULTS ...
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Management of the severely destructed primary teeth poses a challenge for the paediatric dentist as three important considerations have to be kept in mind, patient’s behavioural management, preservation of the tooth structure and parental... more
Management of the severely destructed primary teeth poses a challenge for the paediatric dentist as three important considerations have to be kept in mind, patient’s behavioural management, preservation of the tooth structure and parental satisfaction. Various crowns have been introduced to the field of dentistry such as stainless-steel crowns and aesthetic crowns. Prefabricated stainless steel crowns (SSC) can be adapted to individual primary teeth and cemented in place to provide a definitive restoration. The SSC is extremely durable, relatively inexpensive, subject to minimal technique sensitivity during placement, and offers the advantage of full coronal coverage. SSC are often used to restore primary and permanent teeth in children and adolescents where intra-coronal restorations would otherwise fail. This article brings the update of this definitive restoration.
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It is well recognized fact that periodontal diseases are caused by multifactorial etiologies; in which microorganisms play an important role. An essential component of therapy is to eliminate or manage these pathogens. This has been... more
It is well recognized fact that periodontal diseases are caused by multifactorial etiologies; in which microorganisms play an important role. An essential component of therapy is to eliminate or manage these pathogens. This has been traditionally accomplished through mechanical means by scaling and root planning and adjunctive anti-infective therapy, which includes local and systemic antimicrobials. But the unwarranted use of antimicrobial is associated with adverse effects and development of resistance. To overcome these problems newer technologies have been tested in the field of periodontics; one of these therapies is use of probiotic. This approach of therapy is of interest to periodontist due to the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional methods. A manual and electronic search was made for human studies up to November 2020 that presented systemic and local use of probiotics in generalised chronic periodontitis. A systematic approach was followed by two independent reviewer...
Interceptive orthodontics in mixed dentition period of children is practiced to prevent the severity of incurred malocclusion at an incipient juncture of life. Identifying malocclusion at a very early phase and diagnosing it at right age... more
Interceptive orthodontics in mixed dentition period of children is practiced to prevent the severity of incurred malocclusion at an incipient juncture of life. Identifying malocclusion at a very early phase and diagnosing it at right age can help the pediatric dentists to achieve stability as far as the treatment is concerned. Mesiodens is a common type of supernumerary tooth which is found commonly in the incisor region of oral cavity. This anomalous occurrence can lead to varied complications like unerupted teeth, displaced teeth etc. This case report deciphers a case of mesiodens causing anterior teeth malocclusion and its management by 2 x 4 Orthodontic appliance.
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Garlic is a member of lily family that has been used worldwide as an incredible herb in the array of medicine. In Indian traditional medicine, garlic holds a special place and is used to cure variety of diseases. It has got the reputation... more
Garlic is a member of lily family that has been used worldwide as an incredible herb in the array of medicine. In Indian traditional medicine, garlic holds a special place and is used to cure variety of diseases. It has got the reputation of a powerful healing, antibacterial and antifungal agent. It has proved beneficial in treating systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension etc in medicine. But it has got less importance in dentistry due to lack of clinical data assuring its safe usage in curing dental diseases. Drawback of garlic is its pungent odor which restricts its oral usage as an antibacterial agent, but now a days odor less garlic preparations are available which can be utilized in treating oral diseases. This review article throws a light on the clinical applications of garlic in the field of dentistry.
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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting supportive tissues of the teeth, leading to progressive destruction of connective tissue attachment and the alveolar bone. This destruction is characterized by the formation of a... more
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting supportive tissues of the teeth, leading to progressive destruction of connective tissue attachment and the alveolar bone. This destruction is characterized by the formation of a periodontal pocket. Because of its chronic inflammatory infectious nature, periodontitis has been considered a systemic exposure implicated with causative agent in variety of systemic diseases and condition. Recent findings have suggested that periodontal diseases are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight and preeclampsia.
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Introduction Hookah is derived from Arabic word huqqah also known as waterpipe, narghile, arghile, qalyan or shisha). 1 Hookah is a type of water pipe believed to originate from the Middle East, but is now marketed widely in North America... more
Introduction Hookah is derived from Arabic word huqqah also known as waterpipe, narghile, arghile, qalyan or shisha). 1 Hookah is a type of water pipe believed to originate from the Middle East, but is now marketed widely in North America and around the world. It is a single or multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavoured tobacco, in which smoke is passed through a water basin(glass based) before inhalation. Hookhas are typically tall, narrow glass pipes with one or more flexible hoses through which tobacco is smoked. The tobacco is heated by charcoal in a ceramic bowl located on top of the pipe's stem, and the resulting smoke is cooled by the water before being inhaled. 2 Today the use of the waterpipe has become a social phenomenon. One of the reasons for the popularity of the waterpipe is the social availability and accessibility of both the waterpipe and the tobacco used. 3,4,5 A B S T R A C T Hookah smoking is becoming increasingly common in youth. It is in...
Anterior cross-bite can be defined as upper frontal primary or individual permanent teeth in lingual position in relation to lower incisor teeth. Various treatment options such as removable and fixed appliences have been suggested by... more
Anterior cross-bite can be defined as upper frontal primary or individual permanent teeth in lingual position in relation to lower incisor teeth. Various treatment options such as removable and fixed appliences have been suggested by different authors in the past literature. This paper throws a light on two clinical cases of anterior cross-bites, which are corrected using Hawley's Applience with Auxiliary springs in a short period of 3 - 4 weeks without causing any damage to the tooth or the periodontium.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of banding cements in terms of retentive capability and demineralization inhibition potential. We included 48 non-carious primary mandibular second molar teeth. Preformed stainless... more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of banding cements in terms of retentive capability and demineralization inhibition potential. We included 48 non-carious primary mandibular second molar teeth. Preformed stainless steel bands were adapted onto the teeth. All teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: Group I (Adaptation of bands without cementation), Group II (Cementation of bands using conventional Glass Ionomer Cement), Group III (Cementation of bands using Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement), Group IV (Cementation of bands using Resin cement), and placed in artificial saliva. Each day, specimens were taken from artificial saliva and suspended in an artificial caries solution for 35 minutes, every 8 hours. At the end of 3 months, retention of bands was estimated using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The mode of failure was recorded and specimens were sectioned and examined under polarized microscope for demineralized lesions. The mean retention value...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between anthropometric measurements and oral health status in the primary dentition of school-going children. In this study, 280 elementary school children (116 girls and 164 boys,... more
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between anthropometric measurements and oral health status in the primary dentition of school-going children. In this study, 280 elementary school children (116 girls and 164 boys, age: 3-6 years) were examined. Body mass index (BMI) of each subject was calculated and compared with age and gender using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pediatric growth charts. Based on these growth charts, the sample population was distributed into three groups: Group I: Normal weight (5 th -85 th percentiles), Group II: Risk of overweight/obese (>85 th percentile), and Group III: Underweight (<5 th percentile). Each subject was examined for caries frequency (decayed and filled primary teeth (dft) values) and plaque status (plaque index (PI)) and these values were compared with their BMI figures. Among the study group, 58.3% of children were suffering from malnutrition. Out of the total population, 33.9% had caries affect...