Peanut skin, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, is typically disposed of as an inexp... more Peanut skin, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, is typically disposed of as an inexpensive agricultural by-product.
However, peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be used to enrich foods that are better for your health
and provide more nutrition. Therefore, this research article focuses on the valorisation of peanut skin by developing functional
skin and its addition into peanut butter with improved nutritional value and sensory quality. The study explored the effect
of pressure-cooking on the development of peanut skin-fortified peanut butter and studied its physicochemical, functional
and organoleptic characteristics. The results indicated that adding peanut skin significantly improved the colour attributes
(L* = 40.73–44.76, a* = 4.35–5.57 and b* = 7.83–12.43) and phenolic content. Different processing conditions like pressure
cooking improved the phenolic contents and anti-oxidant activities of peanut butter. Moreover, rheological properties and
textural properties have been increased with the application of moist heat treatment. Functional peanut butter had increased
viscosity and hardness but decreased spreadability and oil separation compared to the control. Sensory evaluation showed
that the skin-on the product had desirable sensory attributes, including appearance, flavour and overall acceptability. The
study concludes that incorporating peanut skin into peanut butter enhanced its functional and nutritional properties without
compromising sensory quality. These findings provide valuable insights for the food industry to develop healthier and valueadded
peanut butter products with different treatment methods.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhi... more A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on lowP soil to study the response of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] cultivars to appliedphosphorus. Application of phosphorus up to 15 kg/ha of P2O5 significantly increased the concentration and uptake of P in plants at all the growth stages, in seed and stover at harvest, and seed yield, oil content, oil yield and protein yield whereas similar increase with application of 30 over 15 kg/ha of P2O5was significant for P concentration in seed and stover, P uptake at 90 and 120 DAS, stover and total P uptake (seed+ stover) and oil content. Seed yield (1766 kg/ha), oil yield (625 kg/ha) and protein yield (291 kg/ha) produced with application of 30 kg/ha of P2O5 was 9.9, 11.2 and 8.9 per cent, respectivelymore than that produced without application of phosphorus. Among cultivars, NRCHB 601 has significantly out performed all other cultivars for P concentration and up...
A field study was conducted during the winter season (rabi) 2012–13 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to ident... more A field study was conducted during the winter season (rabi) 2012–13 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to identify the phosphorus-efficient genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Application of 15 kg/ha of P2O5 increased the seed yield by 6.8% and stover yield by 8.5% over the control, whereas the increase with 30 kg/ha of P2O5 over 15 kg/ha of P2O5 was non-significant. The increase in oil content and P uptake at maturity with successive dose of phosphorus was also significant. Among genotypes, ‘NRCHB 101’ with the highest seed (1.91 t/ha) and stover (7.29 t/ha) yields outyielded all the other tested genotypes by significant margin of 6.7–30.8% for seed yield and 9.0–30.9% for stover yield. Genotype ‘NRCDR 2’ registered significantly higher oil content (40.2%), while ‘NRCHB 101’ registered significantly higher total phosphorus uptake at maturity (21.52 kg/ha). Interactions between doses of phosphorus and genotypes for all the parameters were found non-significant.
Wheat cultivar PBW-343 caused maximum suppression in dry matter of P. minor by 30.7 and 48.5% ove... more Wheat cultivar PBW-343 caused maximum suppression in dry matter of P. minor by 30.7 and 48.5% over WH-542 and PDW-233, respectively, due to greater competition of fered by more number of tillers and resulted in 6.9 and 37.5% higher grain yield over WH-542 and PDW-233, respectively. Narrower row spacing of 15 cm registered lower dry matter of P minor by 18.1% due to higher number of tillers and resulted in increase in mean yield to the tune of 15.7% than normal spacing of 22.5 cm. The study further revealed that PBW-343 at closer spacing exerted more smothering effect and caused 44.5 and 34.8% reduction in dry matter of P. minor when compared with cultivar WH-542 at normal and closer spacing. The studies also indicated that dry matter of P. minor in cultivar PBW-343 when treated with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 was statistically same when it was compared with cultivar WH-542 and PDW-233 when these were treated with clodinafop at 60 g ha−1. Wheat cultivars PBW-343 and WH-542 treated with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 gave significantly more grain yield than durum wheat when it was treated with clodinafop 60 g ha−1. It was interesting that use of cultivar PBW-343 in association with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 and closer spacing of 15 cm gave significantly more grain yield when it was sown at nomlal spacing of 22.5 cm alongwith higher dose of clodinafop 60 g ha−1. Further, the study revealed that bread wheat cultivars PBW-343 and WH-542 at closer spacing when treated with clodinafop either at 45 g ha−1 or 60 g ha−1 gave statistically same yield, however, in case of durum wheat PDW-233, the grain yield significantly decreased at closer spacing when treated with clodinafop at 45 g ha−1 in comparison to 60 g ha−1.
Yield response, profitability margins and oil quality in relation to macro (S) and micro (B and Z... more Yield response, profitability margins and oil quality in relation to macro (S) and micro (B and Zn) nutrients application with NPK recommendations were quantified in spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Significantly higher seed yield, synergism in nutrients uptake and superior oil quality was noticed through better expression of physio-morphic traits and yield components, increased nutrient accumulation and improvement in oil quality parameters with application of S, B and Zn. Supplemented nutrition proved to be economically more efficient and sustainable over recommended NPK as evident by relatively higher crop yield response (0.10-0.18 t ha-1), production efficiency (4.7-8.0%), profitability (0.50-0.97 USD/ha/day), relative economic efficiency (4.64- 9.05%) and sustainability yield index (5.1-8.5%). Improvement in saturated fatty acid (SFA): unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio indicated improvement in oil quality, followed the trend of S>B=Zn. An inverse correlation...
This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health... more This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health, and the influence of ex-situ and in-situ residue management on reducing pollution and improving soil health, crop yield, and farmers’ economic benefits. Paddy is cultivated on 43.8 Mha in India, producing 118.43 Mt grain and an estimated 165.8 Mt straw. Burning is the most common practice for managing rice crop residues mainly due to its simplicity, low cost, increased mechanical harvesting, short window between rice harvest and wheat sowing, and lack of viable uses for residues. Around 50 Mt of rice straw is burned annually, nearly half of which occurs in northwestern India during October/November. Burning residue is a major contributor to air pollution, emitting around 1.5 Mt particulate matter, 150 Mt carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases (e.g., NO2, SO2, CO, CH4, NH3) and volatile organic compounds, resulting in a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, reduced soil nu...
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Ludhiana, Punjab in... more A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Ludhiana, Punjab in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, to work out an effective weed-management strategy in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Almost two-thirds of the weed infestation was dominated by sedges, followed by broad-leaf (26.3%) and grassy (9.3%) weeds. Season long weed competition reduced the mean seed yield of groundnut by 60.9%. Alone application of herbicides either through pendimethalin or imazethapyr provided effective weed control (43.5–53.3% weed-control efficiency) but the late flushes and escaped/regenerated weeds at later stages hampered the crop yield significantly. Integrated approach involving sequential application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence (PE) and imazethapyr 0.05 kg/ha post-emergence (PoE) supplemented with 1 hand-weeding 45 days after sowing (DAS) provided 83.7% weed-control efficiency, 2.11 t/ha pod yield, 4.3 × 103/ha net returns with benefit: cost ratio of 2....
Peanut skin, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, is typically disposed of as an inexp... more Peanut skin, a by-product of the peanut processing industry, is typically disposed of as an inexpensive agricultural by-product.
However, peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be used to enrich foods that are better for your health
and provide more nutrition. Therefore, this research article focuses on the valorisation of peanut skin by developing functional
skin and its addition into peanut butter with improved nutritional value and sensory quality. The study explored the effect
of pressure-cooking on the development of peanut skin-fortified peanut butter and studied its physicochemical, functional
and organoleptic characteristics. The results indicated that adding peanut skin significantly improved the colour attributes
(L* = 40.73–44.76, a* = 4.35–5.57 and b* = 7.83–12.43) and phenolic content. Different processing conditions like pressure
cooking improved the phenolic contents and anti-oxidant activities of peanut butter. Moreover, rheological properties and
textural properties have been increased with the application of moist heat treatment. Functional peanut butter had increased
viscosity and hardness but decreased spreadability and oil separation compared to the control. Sensory evaluation showed
that the skin-on the product had desirable sensory attributes, including appearance, flavour and overall acceptability. The
study concludes that incorporating peanut skin into peanut butter enhanced its functional and nutritional properties without
compromising sensory quality. These findings provide valuable insights for the food industry to develop healthier and valueadded
peanut butter products with different treatment methods.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhi... more A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2012-13 at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on lowP soil to study the response of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] cultivars to appliedphosphorus. Application of phosphorus up to 15 kg/ha of P2O5 significantly increased the concentration and uptake of P in plants at all the growth stages, in seed and stover at harvest, and seed yield, oil content, oil yield and protein yield whereas similar increase with application of 30 over 15 kg/ha of P2O5was significant for P concentration in seed and stover, P uptake at 90 and 120 DAS, stover and total P uptake (seed+ stover) and oil content. Seed yield (1766 kg/ha), oil yield (625 kg/ha) and protein yield (291 kg/ha) produced with application of 30 kg/ha of P2O5 was 9.9, 11.2 and 8.9 per cent, respectivelymore than that produced without application of phosphorus. Among cultivars, NRCHB 601 has significantly out performed all other cultivars for P concentration and up...
A field study was conducted during the winter season (rabi) 2012–13 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to ident... more A field study was conducted during the winter season (rabi) 2012–13 at Ludhiana, Punjab, to identify the phosphorus-efficient genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Application of 15 kg/ha of P2O5 increased the seed yield by 6.8% and stover yield by 8.5% over the control, whereas the increase with 30 kg/ha of P2O5 over 15 kg/ha of P2O5 was non-significant. The increase in oil content and P uptake at maturity with successive dose of phosphorus was also significant. Among genotypes, ‘NRCHB 101’ with the highest seed (1.91 t/ha) and stover (7.29 t/ha) yields outyielded all the other tested genotypes by significant margin of 6.7–30.8% for seed yield and 9.0–30.9% for stover yield. Genotype ‘NRCDR 2’ registered significantly higher oil content (40.2%), while ‘NRCHB 101’ registered significantly higher total phosphorus uptake at maturity (21.52 kg/ha). Interactions between doses of phosphorus and genotypes for all the parameters were found non-significant.
Wheat cultivar PBW-343 caused maximum suppression in dry matter of P. minor by 30.7 and 48.5% ove... more Wheat cultivar PBW-343 caused maximum suppression in dry matter of P. minor by 30.7 and 48.5% over WH-542 and PDW-233, respectively, due to greater competition of fered by more number of tillers and resulted in 6.9 and 37.5% higher grain yield over WH-542 and PDW-233, respectively. Narrower row spacing of 15 cm registered lower dry matter of P minor by 18.1% due to higher number of tillers and resulted in increase in mean yield to the tune of 15.7% than normal spacing of 22.5 cm. The study further revealed that PBW-343 at closer spacing exerted more smothering effect and caused 44.5 and 34.8% reduction in dry matter of P. minor when compared with cultivar WH-542 at normal and closer spacing. The studies also indicated that dry matter of P. minor in cultivar PBW-343 when treated with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 was statistically same when it was compared with cultivar WH-542 and PDW-233 when these were treated with clodinafop at 60 g ha−1. Wheat cultivars PBW-343 and WH-542 treated with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 gave significantly more grain yield than durum wheat when it was treated with clodinafop 60 g ha−1. It was interesting that use of cultivar PBW-343 in association with clodinafop 45 g ha−1 and closer spacing of 15 cm gave significantly more grain yield when it was sown at nomlal spacing of 22.5 cm alongwith higher dose of clodinafop 60 g ha−1. Further, the study revealed that bread wheat cultivars PBW-343 and WH-542 at closer spacing when treated with clodinafop either at 45 g ha−1 or 60 g ha−1 gave statistically same yield, however, in case of durum wheat PDW-233, the grain yield significantly decreased at closer spacing when treated with clodinafop at 45 g ha−1 in comparison to 60 g ha−1.
Yield response, profitability margins and oil quality in relation to macro (S) and micro (B and Z... more Yield response, profitability margins and oil quality in relation to macro (S) and micro (B and Zn) nutrients application with NPK recommendations were quantified in spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Significantly higher seed yield, synergism in nutrients uptake and superior oil quality was noticed through better expression of physio-morphic traits and yield components, increased nutrient accumulation and improvement in oil quality parameters with application of S, B and Zn. Supplemented nutrition proved to be economically more efficient and sustainable over recommended NPK as evident by relatively higher crop yield response (0.10-0.18 t ha-1), production efficiency (4.7-8.0%), profitability (0.50-0.97 USD/ha/day), relative economic efficiency (4.64- 9.05%) and sustainability yield index (5.1-8.5%). Improvement in saturated fatty acid (SFA): unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio indicated improvement in oil quality, followed the trend of S>B=Zn. An inverse correlation...
This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health... more This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health, and the influence of ex-situ and in-situ residue management on reducing pollution and improving soil health, crop yield, and farmers’ economic benefits. Paddy is cultivated on 43.8 Mha in India, producing 118.43 Mt grain and an estimated 165.8 Mt straw. Burning is the most common practice for managing rice crop residues mainly due to its simplicity, low cost, increased mechanical harvesting, short window between rice harvest and wheat sowing, and lack of viable uses for residues. Around 50 Mt of rice straw is burned annually, nearly half of which occurs in northwestern India during October/November. Burning residue is a major contributor to air pollution, emitting around 1.5 Mt particulate matter, 150 Mt carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases (e.g., NO2, SO2, CO, CH4, NH3) and volatile organic compounds, resulting in a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, reduced soil nu...
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Ludhiana, Punjab in... more A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Ludhiana, Punjab in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, to work out an effective weed-management strategy in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Almost two-thirds of the weed infestation was dominated by sedges, followed by broad-leaf (26.3%) and grassy (9.3%) weeds. Season long weed competition reduced the mean seed yield of groundnut by 60.9%. Alone application of herbicides either through pendimethalin or imazethapyr provided effective weed control (43.5–53.3% weed-control efficiency) but the late flushes and escaped/regenerated weeds at later stages hampered the crop yield significantly. Integrated approach involving sequential application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence (PE) and imazethapyr 0.05 kg/ha post-emergence (PoE) supplemented with 1 hand-weeding 45 days after sowing (DAS) provided 83.7% weed-control efficiency, 2.11 t/ha pod yield, 4.3 × 103/ha net returns with benefit: cost ratio of 2....
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Papers by Virender Sardana
However, peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be used to enrich foods that are better for your health
and provide more nutrition. Therefore, this research article focuses on the valorisation of peanut skin by developing functional
skin and its addition into peanut butter with improved nutritional value and sensory quality. The study explored the effect
of pressure-cooking on the development of peanut skin-fortified peanut butter and studied its physicochemical, functional
and organoleptic characteristics. The results indicated that adding peanut skin significantly improved the colour attributes
(L* = 40.73–44.76, a* = 4.35–5.57 and b* = 7.83–12.43) and phenolic content. Different processing conditions like pressure
cooking improved the phenolic contents and anti-oxidant activities of peanut butter. Moreover, rheological properties and
textural properties have been increased with the application of moist heat treatment. Functional peanut butter had increased
viscosity and hardness but decreased spreadability and oil separation compared to the control. Sensory evaluation showed
that the skin-on the product had desirable sensory attributes, including appearance, flavour and overall acceptability. The
study concludes that incorporating peanut skin into peanut butter enhanced its functional and nutritional properties without
compromising sensory quality. These findings provide valuable insights for the food industry to develop healthier and valueadded
peanut butter products with different treatment methods.
However, peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be used to enrich foods that are better for your health
and provide more nutrition. Therefore, this research article focuses on the valorisation of peanut skin by developing functional
skin and its addition into peanut butter with improved nutritional value and sensory quality. The study explored the effect
of pressure-cooking on the development of peanut skin-fortified peanut butter and studied its physicochemical, functional
and organoleptic characteristics. The results indicated that adding peanut skin significantly improved the colour attributes
(L* = 40.73–44.76, a* = 4.35–5.57 and b* = 7.83–12.43) and phenolic content. Different processing conditions like pressure
cooking improved the phenolic contents and anti-oxidant activities of peanut butter. Moreover, rheological properties and
textural properties have been increased with the application of moist heat treatment. Functional peanut butter had increased
viscosity and hardness but decreased spreadability and oil separation compared to the control. Sensory evaluation showed
that the skin-on the product had desirable sensory attributes, including appearance, flavour and overall acceptability. The
study concludes that incorporating peanut skin into peanut butter enhanced its functional and nutritional properties without
compromising sensory quality. These findings provide valuable insights for the food industry to develop healthier and valueadded
peanut butter products with different treatment methods.