Putative natural hybrids (Ulmus × hollandica) between the Smooth-leaved (Ulmus minor ssp. minor) ... more Putative natural hybrids (Ulmus × hollandica) between the Smooth-leaved (Ulmus minor ssp. minor) and the Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) were observed in mixed forests along the rivers and rivulets around the central part of Lithuania. Eleven populations of elms (Ulmus L.) were studied to determine 1) the critical groups of phenotypes indicative for their taxonomic identity, 2) the variability of taxa from contact zones. Three characteristics for the trees and twenty one for their leaf, including nineteen applied by WinFOLIA 2004a program, were used to describe each sample of the fifty eight and to ascertain the degree of affinity between samples. As a result of this approach, four taxa could be distinguished at the contact zones within elms. Three elm species and hybrids, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor, Ulmus laevis, and Ulmus × hollandica, were fairly satisfactorily distinguishable, but there is much overlap between the Wych elm and the Field elm in their characters that can be explained only by the equivalence of their statistically discriminant phenotypic distinctness. On average, the putative natural hybrids between the Smooth-leaved and the Wych elm account for less than two percent of all individuals within group U. minor – U. × hollandica – U. glabra. The possibility of introgressive hybridisation is shown by the outstanding variability of morphological characteristics of the taxa from the contact zones and by the presence of extreme or novel properties of hybrids.
The study aimed the evaluation of genetic features of populations and genetic variation of adapti... more The study aimed the evaluation of genetic features of populations and genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers of open pollination progenies from Lithuanian and western European populations of Fraxinus excelsior in field trials, established in three different provenance regions of Lithuania. Progenies of the Lithuanian populations had earlier bud flushing and better health condition than progenies of western European populations in all three trials, but tree height was smaller (except the Šilutė population). Genetic effects at population and family levels were significant for all traits studied. Although family variance component was not high reaching from 11.6 to 22.6%, the additive coefficient of genetic variation was high ranging from 30.3 to 36.8% in separate field trials. Genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers did not correlate in most populations, thus indicating its differing adaptive potential. The Šakiai and Kupiškis populations had high genetic ...
Half-sib progeny families from three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations were investigate... more Half-sib progeny families from three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations were investigated by exposing them to different ozone dosage in the climatic chambers. There was no significant impact of different ozone doses on tree height, diameter and height increment, and only leaf damage traits gave significant results (P<0,001). Influence of genetic factors – populations and families – was significant only for height increment. Ozone treatment resulted in height differences between populations becoming significant and reaching 30 % one year later. Significance of the population x ozone treatment interaction shows varying population response to ozone, though other traits studied did not show significant interaction. Family variance component was high enough (24.5%) for tree height, but low for diameter (7.7%) and height increment (6.1%) and was not detected for leaf damage traits. Leaves of some trees in different families remained undamaged even in the treatment with highest...
Periodic occurrences of decline and dieback of oak stands over widespread areas in Lithuania and ... more Periodic occurrences of decline and dieback of oak stands over widespread areas in Lithuania and in neighbouring countries give raise a serious concern about possibility to conserve oak genetic resources and implement the oak breeding programs. More detailed information about the magnitude of genetic diversity of the main forest tree species in Lithuania is still absent. The necessity to preserve adaptive genetic potential and to increase the effectiveness of breeding under hardly predictive climate changes calls for detailed research of genetic resources. 28 Lithuanian oak populations were sampled and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was determined using PCR-RFLP markers. Totally 4 haplotypes were detected. One of the aims of our study was also to check if exist some association at population level between haplotype and phenotypic traits. Totally, 14 phenotypic traits that were measured in sample plots in oak stands, including health status traits and 5 acorn traits have been analysed. Pear...
Totally 101 half-sib progeny family from 24 Lithuanian silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) popula... more Totally 101 half-sib progeny family from 24 Lithuanian silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) populations were studied at age 8 in three field trials.. From 5 to 6 families represented each population. The field trials are situated in two silver birch provenance regions or three ecoclimatic regions. The measurements or assessments were done on adaptive (bud flushing or growth start and autumn leaf yellowing or growth cessation) and productivity (height and diameter) traits. The estimates of genetic variation, genotype x environment interaction (G x E), heritability and additive genetic coefficient of variation (CVA) are presented. CVA estimates for separate trials were 8.7-10.9 % for height, 15.2-18.8 % for stem diameter, 8.9-34.2 % for bud flushing and 7.6-15.9 % for growth cessation. Almost 32 % of families significantly differed in their ecovalences for height, 21 % for stem diameter, 9 % for bud flushing, 42 % for growth cessation. Additive genetic variation found within population...
Adaptive variability was studied in twenty accessions of Rubus idaeus L. by RAPD (random amplifie... more Adaptive variability was studied in twenty accessions of Rubus idaeus L. by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) isozyme polymorphism methods. Thirty-six informative RAPD primers yielded 284 reproducible DNA bands; 81.05% of identified RAPD loci were polymorphic. The distribution of 230 polymorphic loci in the plants studied was compared with soil properties of their original habi-tats by the method of principal components in factor analysis. A signi-ficant correlation (1%) was found only with soil acidity (0.65). Diffe-rences in SOD isozyme patterns were found in leaf extracts of the plants. Six main SOD isozyme profiles were distinguished. The evaluation of SOD polymorphism in R. idaeus accessions showed no clear adaptive dependence from the soil properties analyzed in this study.
ABSTRACT Conservation of genetic diversity is the key issue in sustainable conservation of biodiv... more ABSTRACT Conservation of genetic diversity is the key issue in sustainable conservation of biodiversity. The prime objective for gene conservation should be defined a creation of favourable conditions for continuous adaptation and evolution of the species. The Multiple Population Breeding system (MPBS) would be applicable with high efficiency for conservation of English oak in Lithuania. Keywords: forest gene resources, dynamic gene conservation, tree breeding, MPBS, Quercus robur.
Putative natural hybrids (Ulmus × hollandica) between the Smooth-leaved (Ulmus minor ssp. minor) ... more Putative natural hybrids (Ulmus × hollandica) between the Smooth-leaved (Ulmus minor ssp. minor) and the Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) were observed in mixed forests along the rivers and rivulets around the central part of Lithuania. Eleven populations of elms (Ulmus L.) were studied to determine 1) the critical groups of phenotypes indicative for their taxonomic identity, 2) the variability of taxa from contact zones. Three characteristics for the trees and twenty one for their leaf, including nineteen applied by WinFOLIA 2004a program, were used to describe each sample of the fifty eight and to ascertain the degree of affinity between samples. As a result of this approach, four taxa could be distinguished at the contact zones within elms. Three elm species and hybrids, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor, Ulmus laevis, and Ulmus × hollandica, were fairly satisfactorily distinguishable, but there is much overlap between the Wych elm and the Field elm in their characters that can be explained only by the equivalence of their statistically discriminant phenotypic distinctness. On average, the putative natural hybrids between the Smooth-leaved and the Wych elm account for less than two percent of all individuals within group U. minor – U. × hollandica – U. glabra. The possibility of introgressive hybridisation is shown by the outstanding variability of morphological characteristics of the taxa from the contact zones and by the presence of extreme or novel properties of hybrids.
The study aimed the evaluation of genetic features of populations and genetic variation of adapti... more The study aimed the evaluation of genetic features of populations and genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers of open pollination progenies from Lithuanian and western European populations of Fraxinus excelsior in field trials, established in three different provenance regions of Lithuania. Progenies of the Lithuanian populations had earlier bud flushing and better health condition than progenies of western European populations in all three trials, but tree height was smaller (except the Šilutė population). Genetic effects at population and family levels were significant for all traits studied. Although family variance component was not high reaching from 11.6 to 22.6%, the additive coefficient of genetic variation was high ranging from 30.3 to 36.8% in separate field trials. Genetic variation of adaptive traits and RAPD markers did not correlate in most populations, thus indicating its differing adaptive potential. The Šakiai and Kupiškis populations had high genetic ...
Half-sib progeny families from three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations were investigate... more Half-sib progeny families from three common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) populations were investigated by exposing them to different ozone dosage in the climatic chambers. There was no significant impact of different ozone doses on tree height, diameter and height increment, and only leaf damage traits gave significant results (P<0,001). Influence of genetic factors – populations and families – was significant only for height increment. Ozone treatment resulted in height differences between populations becoming significant and reaching 30 % one year later. Significance of the population x ozone treatment interaction shows varying population response to ozone, though other traits studied did not show significant interaction. Family variance component was high enough (24.5%) for tree height, but low for diameter (7.7%) and height increment (6.1%) and was not detected for leaf damage traits. Leaves of some trees in different families remained undamaged even in the treatment with highest...
Periodic occurrences of decline and dieback of oak stands over widespread areas in Lithuania and ... more Periodic occurrences of decline and dieback of oak stands over widespread areas in Lithuania and in neighbouring countries give raise a serious concern about possibility to conserve oak genetic resources and implement the oak breeding programs. More detailed information about the magnitude of genetic diversity of the main forest tree species in Lithuania is still absent. The necessity to preserve adaptive genetic potential and to increase the effectiveness of breeding under hardly predictive climate changes calls for detailed research of genetic resources. 28 Lithuanian oak populations were sampled and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was determined using PCR-RFLP markers. Totally 4 haplotypes were detected. One of the aims of our study was also to check if exist some association at population level between haplotype and phenotypic traits. Totally, 14 phenotypic traits that were measured in sample plots in oak stands, including health status traits and 5 acorn traits have been analysed. Pear...
Totally 101 half-sib progeny family from 24 Lithuanian silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) popula... more Totally 101 half-sib progeny family from 24 Lithuanian silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) populations were studied at age 8 in three field trials.. From 5 to 6 families represented each population. The field trials are situated in two silver birch provenance regions or three ecoclimatic regions. The measurements or assessments were done on adaptive (bud flushing or growth start and autumn leaf yellowing or growth cessation) and productivity (height and diameter) traits. The estimates of genetic variation, genotype x environment interaction (G x E), heritability and additive genetic coefficient of variation (CVA) are presented. CVA estimates for separate trials were 8.7-10.9 % for height, 15.2-18.8 % for stem diameter, 8.9-34.2 % for bud flushing and 7.6-15.9 % for growth cessation. Almost 32 % of families significantly differed in their ecovalences for height, 21 % for stem diameter, 9 % for bud flushing, 42 % for growth cessation. Additive genetic variation found within population...
Adaptive variability was studied in twenty accessions of Rubus idaeus L. by RAPD (random amplifie... more Adaptive variability was studied in twenty accessions of Rubus idaeus L. by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) isozyme polymorphism methods. Thirty-six informative RAPD primers yielded 284 reproducible DNA bands; 81.05% of identified RAPD loci were polymorphic. The distribution of 230 polymorphic loci in the plants studied was compared with soil properties of their original habi-tats by the method of principal components in factor analysis. A signi-ficant correlation (1%) was found only with soil acidity (0.65). Diffe-rences in SOD isozyme patterns were found in leaf extracts of the plants. Six main SOD isozyme profiles were distinguished. The evaluation of SOD polymorphism in R. idaeus accessions showed no clear adaptive dependence from the soil properties analyzed in this study.
ABSTRACT Conservation of genetic diversity is the key issue in sustainable conservation of biodiv... more ABSTRACT Conservation of genetic diversity is the key issue in sustainable conservation of biodiversity. The prime objective for gene conservation should be defined a creation of favourable conditions for continuous adaptation and evolution of the species. The Multiple Population Breeding system (MPBS) would be applicable with high efficiency for conservation of English oak in Lithuania. Keywords: forest gene resources, dynamic gene conservation, tree breeding, MPBS, Quercus robur.
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