Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal ... more Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildlife out of many of their former natural habitats in Africa. Based on the success of reintroducing wildlife into the Quicama National Park in Angola in cooperation with the local community, all wildlife that have been settled in the wildlife sterile landscape has flourished, multiplied and not one was lost to poaching over the past 12 years. The community is benefitting now from the Park through amongst others employment and the tourist camp is permanently fully booked. Amongst others, the 34 elephants that were airlifted there in family groups have increased to 120. South Africa has experienced a forty fold increase in its wildlife numbers over a period of 50 years due to the private sector and...
Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildli... more Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildlife out of many of their former natural habitats in Africa. Based on the success of reintroducing wildlife into the Quicama National Park in Angola in cooperation with the local community, all wildlife that have been settled in the wildlife sterile landscape has flourished, multiplied and not one was lost to poaching over the past 12 years. The community is benefitting now from the Park through amongst others employment and the tourist camp is permanently fully booked. Amongst others, the 34 elephants that were airlifted there in family groups have increased to 120. South Africa has experienced a forty fold increase in its wildlife numbers over a period of 50 years due to the private sector and communities taking custodianship of wildlife on private lands. Based on these experiences and successes in starting new nodes of wildlife in Angola, wildlife can be established in other parts of Af...
The 27 year long civil war in Angola has devastated the national parks and wildlife populations o... more The 27 year long civil war in Angola has devastated the national parks and wildlife populations of this country. In cooperation with the Angolan government we planned the return of many locally extinct species including elephant. All animals had to be airlifted, including elephant in family groups and giraffe plus 12 other species. The wildlife was all released into a Special Conservation Area within the Kissama national Park. The operation will be discussed, how it was planned, and the ecology behind it, the benefit to the local communities, and where it stands today. Wildlife in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been devastated during the past years of civil war. The Kiala Community Land just north of the Angola border together with private land form a natural area of 500 000 ha. We are planning with the community to fence the first 75 000 ha and reintroduce wildlife in order to start a conservation plan based on ecotourism and the sustainable use of natural resources. Can we repeat the Angola project in DRC?
Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2014
Private game reserves now number about 11,600 in South Africa, covering in the order of 21 millio... more Private game reserves now number about 11,600 in South Africa, covering in the order of 21 million hectares. It has become a USD 1 billion industry based on the sustainable use of wildlife as a natural resource. This has resulted in a 40-fold increase in the number of wildlife from the early 1960s to today with South Africa now having more wildlife than at any point in time during the past 200 years. This chapter discusses the economics of this industry and uses lions and rhinoceros as illustrative examples of how the placing of a commercial value on wildlife species can turn the tide from a decline in numbers and local extinctions, toward healthy populations. The game capture and wildlife veterinary services, fencing and transportation, disease control and nutrition are furthermore discussed in illuminating the evolution of a thriving private game reserve industry.
Fermentation experiments were performed on 36 buffaloes Syncems coffer. Body mass varied from 135... more Fermentation experiments were performed on 36 buffaloes Syncems coffer. Body mass varied from 135-580 kg with an average for adults of 500 kg. Net mass of the reticulo-rumen content varied from 14-134 kg with a DM of 14,5. Fermentation rate was found to be 167,08 @ 13,53 fJimo\ gas^TpD/gDM/ hour and an adult of 500 kg produced 317,6 @ of methane per day from the rumen alone. An equivalent of 40,5 of the daily maintenance energy requirement is lost as methane. Caecal gas composition was found to be 60,63 @ 10,69 C02, 19,44 @ 8,0 CH4, 0,33 @ 0,26 H2 and 19,55 @ 11,43 N2. Ruminal gas composition: 73,85 @ 1,91 C02, 25,89 @ 1,79 CH4 and 0,029 @ 0,007 H2. Total VFA concentration, 12,06 @ 1,23 mmol/lOOml.
Leopards do not preferentially favour baboons as prey, but they are considered the primary predat... more Leopards do not preferentially favour baboons as prey, but they are considered the primary predators of baboons across Africa. Even in areas where baboons are abundant, their contribution to leopard diet seldom exceeds 5% of biomass. It is suggested that the extreme aggressiveness of baboons, group vigilance and their high mobility when escaping may limit leopard predation. Male baboons are particularly aggressive, and retaliation often leads to the death of the leopard. However, evidence suggests that leopards may learn to catch and kill certain dangerous prey. This study reports predation on chacma baboons by 3 female leopards on a private game reserve in the Waterberg Mountains of South Africa. Potential leopard feeding sites were identified using global positioning system (GPS) location clusters obtained from GPS collars. Over a 5-month period, we investigated 200 potential leopard feeding sites and located 96 leopard feeding/kill sites. Baboons constituted 18.7% of the leopards...
... Charles T. Robbins 9 Donald E. Spalinger Wouter van Hoven ... influencing the way that nutrit... more ... Charles T. Robbins 9 Donald E. Spalinger Wouter van Hoven ... influencing the way that nutritionists and ecologists view ruminant evolution and behavior, and the organization and composition of herbivore communities (McNaugh-ton and Georgiadis 1986; Owen-Smith 1991). ...
Impact of Off-Road Driving by Game Drive Vehicles on Soils in an Area in the Kruger National Park... more Impact of Off-Road Driving by Game Drive Vehicles on Soils in an Area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
This report deals with the effect of the mode of feeding of the hindgut-fermenting herbivorous rh... more This report deals with the effect of the mode of feeding of the hindgut-fermenting herbivorous rhinoceros on the species of Protozoa fermenting the ingesta, as demonstrated by the proposed three new species of ciliated Protozoa: Didesmis synciliata differing from D. ovalis in having syncilia in place of simple cilia, Blepharoconus dicerotos being twice the size of B. cervicalis, and Blepharosphaera ceratotherii being one third the size of B. intestinalis. The findings are in line with the biological tenet that in herbivores the composition of the diet is the major factor determining the composition of the digestive organisms.
Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal ... more Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildlife out of many of their former natural habitats in Africa. Based on the success of reintroducing wildlife into the Quicama National Park in Angola in cooperation with the local community, all wildlife that have been settled in the wildlife sterile landscape has flourished, multiplied and not one was lost to poaching over the past 12 years. The community is benefitting now from the Park through amongst others employment and the tourist camp is permanently fully booked. Amongst others, the 34 elephants that were airlifted there in family groups have increased to 120. South Africa has experienced a forty fold increase in its wildlife numbers over a period of 50 years due to the private sector and...
Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildli... more Poaching, unsustainable wildlife utilization practices and the bush meat trade has cleared wildlife out of many of their former natural habitats in Africa. Based on the success of reintroducing wildlife into the Quicama National Park in Angola in cooperation with the local community, all wildlife that have been settled in the wildlife sterile landscape has flourished, multiplied and not one was lost to poaching over the past 12 years. The community is benefitting now from the Park through amongst others employment and the tourist camp is permanently fully booked. Amongst others, the 34 elephants that were airlifted there in family groups have increased to 120. South Africa has experienced a forty fold increase in its wildlife numbers over a period of 50 years due to the private sector and communities taking custodianship of wildlife on private lands. Based on these experiences and successes in starting new nodes of wildlife in Angola, wildlife can be established in other parts of Af...
The 27 year long civil war in Angola has devastated the national parks and wildlife populations o... more The 27 year long civil war in Angola has devastated the national parks and wildlife populations of this country. In cooperation with the Angolan government we planned the return of many locally extinct species including elephant. All animals had to be airlifted, including elephant in family groups and giraffe plus 12 other species. The wildlife was all released into a Special Conservation Area within the Kissama national Park. The operation will be discussed, how it was planned, and the ecology behind it, the benefit to the local communities, and where it stands today. Wildlife in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been devastated during the past years of civil war. The Kiala Community Land just north of the Angola border together with private land form a natural area of 500 000 ha. We are planning with the community to fence the first 75 000 ha and reintroduce wildlife in order to start a conservation plan based on ecotourism and the sustainable use of natural resources. Can we repeat the Angola project in DRC?
Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2014
Private game reserves now number about 11,600 in South Africa, covering in the order of 21 millio... more Private game reserves now number about 11,600 in South Africa, covering in the order of 21 million hectares. It has become a USD 1 billion industry based on the sustainable use of wildlife as a natural resource. This has resulted in a 40-fold increase in the number of wildlife from the early 1960s to today with South Africa now having more wildlife than at any point in time during the past 200 years. This chapter discusses the economics of this industry and uses lions and rhinoceros as illustrative examples of how the placing of a commercial value on wildlife species can turn the tide from a decline in numbers and local extinctions, toward healthy populations. The game capture and wildlife veterinary services, fencing and transportation, disease control and nutrition are furthermore discussed in illuminating the evolution of a thriving private game reserve industry.
Fermentation experiments were performed on 36 buffaloes Syncems coffer. Body mass varied from 135... more Fermentation experiments were performed on 36 buffaloes Syncems coffer. Body mass varied from 135-580 kg with an average for adults of 500 kg. Net mass of the reticulo-rumen content varied from 14-134 kg with a DM of 14,5. Fermentation rate was found to be 167,08 @ 13,53 fJimo\ gas^TpD/gDM/ hour and an adult of 500 kg produced 317,6 @ of methane per day from the rumen alone. An equivalent of 40,5 of the daily maintenance energy requirement is lost as methane. Caecal gas composition was found to be 60,63 @ 10,69 C02, 19,44 @ 8,0 CH4, 0,33 @ 0,26 H2 and 19,55 @ 11,43 N2. Ruminal gas composition: 73,85 @ 1,91 C02, 25,89 @ 1,79 CH4 and 0,029 @ 0,007 H2. Total VFA concentration, 12,06 @ 1,23 mmol/lOOml.
Leopards do not preferentially favour baboons as prey, but they are considered the primary predat... more Leopards do not preferentially favour baboons as prey, but they are considered the primary predators of baboons across Africa. Even in areas where baboons are abundant, their contribution to leopard diet seldom exceeds 5% of biomass. It is suggested that the extreme aggressiveness of baboons, group vigilance and their high mobility when escaping may limit leopard predation. Male baboons are particularly aggressive, and retaliation often leads to the death of the leopard. However, evidence suggests that leopards may learn to catch and kill certain dangerous prey. This study reports predation on chacma baboons by 3 female leopards on a private game reserve in the Waterberg Mountains of South Africa. Potential leopard feeding sites were identified using global positioning system (GPS) location clusters obtained from GPS collars. Over a 5-month period, we investigated 200 potential leopard feeding sites and located 96 leopard feeding/kill sites. Baboons constituted 18.7% of the leopards...
... Charles T. Robbins 9 Donald E. Spalinger Wouter van Hoven ... influencing the way that nutrit... more ... Charles T. Robbins 9 Donald E. Spalinger Wouter van Hoven ... influencing the way that nutritionists and ecologists view ruminant evolution and behavior, and the organization and composition of herbivore communities (McNaugh-ton and Georgiadis 1986; Owen-Smith 1991). ...
Impact of Off-Road Driving by Game Drive Vehicles on Soils in an Area in the Kruger National Park... more Impact of Off-Road Driving by Game Drive Vehicles on Soils in an Area in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
This report deals with the effect of the mode of feeding of the hindgut-fermenting herbivorous rh... more This report deals with the effect of the mode of feeding of the hindgut-fermenting herbivorous rhinoceros on the species of Protozoa fermenting the ingesta, as demonstrated by the proposed three new species of ciliated Protozoa: Didesmis synciliata differing from D. ovalis in having syncilia in place of simple cilia, Blepharoconus dicerotos being twice the size of B. cervicalis, and Blepharosphaera ceratotherii being one third the size of B. intestinalis. The findings are in line with the biological tenet that in herbivores the composition of the diet is the major factor determining the composition of the digestive organisms.
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