Papers by Md Zulfekar Ali
Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2020
Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 is one of the... more Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 is one of the possible means to protect chickens against its outbreak in endemic countries. Early vaccination of layer birds with recombinant vector vaccine based on turkey herpesvirus expressing H5 gene (rHVT-H5) provides longer protection while inactivated vaccine Re-6 needs multiple booster doses to achieve continuous antibody titer. Therefore, this study was carried out to offer a vaccination program using live rHVT-H5 and inactivated Re-6 vaccines in field condition. For this trial, five ISA brown commercial layer chicken farms were raised with 500 birds per farm. Two licensed vaccines-rHVT-H5 and Re-6 in Bangladesh were used for this trial where birds in farms 1 and 2 were administered only rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old, and farms 3 and 4 rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old then boosted with Re-6 vaccine at 25 weeks of age. Farm 5 was not vaccinated and functioned as control. Blood samples were randomly collected from 20 birds in each farm at 3-week interval from 2 weeks old till 65 weeks and harvested serum analyzed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for antibodies against HPAIV H5N1. The titer of haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against AIV H5N1 on farms 3 and 4 was considerably high and remained up to 65 weeks. However, in farm 1 and 2 there was decline in antibody titer after 56 weeks of age. This study demonstrated that the combined use of rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old and Re-6 at 25 weeks of age enhanced a longer lasting protective antibody against circulating HPAIV H5N1 in commercial layer chickens in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research, 2020
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe and highly contagious disease that causes immense financ... more Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe and highly contagious disease that causes immense financial losses due to mortality, reduced milk production, treatment cost of affected cattle, weight loss of fattening cattle and manpower loss for taking care of affected cattle, which occurs in Bangladesh almost every year. Outbreak of this disease causes financial loss to the farmers as well as the national economy of Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the morbidity and mortality by FMD and to estimate financial loss incurred therein. For this study, data were collected from 850 affected households of Dhaka, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Khulna and Chattogram divisions of Bangladesh during July 2017 to June 2018 using a pre-tested interview schedule responding to the study objectives. In total, there were 4857 crossbred and 2138 native cattle in the affected household. The study revealed that the overall morbidity and mortality rates were 55.43% and 5.15%, respectively in crossbred cattle and 77.83% and 12.39%, respectively in native cattle and it differed significantly (p<0.01) with areas and category of cattle. Infection period for an FMD affected crossbred cattle were an average of 18.46±0.27 days and for native cattle were an average of 19.56±0.40 days. The total financial loss due to the FMD outbreak was calculated as Taka 53172067 (Tk. 53.17 million or US$ 0.63 million) for 850 affected households. The percentage of loss incurred was the highest for the death of affected cattle (63.47%) followed by veterinary cost (10.71%), weight loss of fattening cattle (10.68%), reduction in milk yield (9.17%) and manpower loss for taking care of affected cattle (5.98%). Based on this calculation the projected financial loss due to the FMD outbreak would be Taka 18856.96 crore (Tk. 188.57 billion or US$ 2.22 billion) per year in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research, 2020
The study was conducted in 13 upazilas from 850 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) affected households ... more The study was conducted in 13 upazilas from 850 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) affected households of four regions of Bangladesh during the period of July 2017 to June 2018. In all there were 4857 crossbred cattle and 2138 native cattle in the affected households. The crossbred and native cattle were grouped into three categories such as adult female, adult male and calf. The morbidity and mortality rates in crossbred cattle were 55.43%, and 5.15%, respectively and that rates in native cattle were 77.83% and 12.39%, respectively. Morbidity and mortality were found significantly higher in native cattle than in crossbred. Mortality of native calf was higher (21.27%) than in crossbred calf (9.50%). Seasonal influence of FMD was observed significantly higher in January-February (44.12%) and March-April (21.76%). There were a total of 248 pregnant cows infected in which abortion was reported in 26 (10.48%) cows. Besides this some clinical signs reported were lameness, mastitis and repeat breeding with incidences of 21, 12 and 43 cases, respectively. It was reported that 65.78% crossbred and 16.93% native cattle were vaccinated. Of the vaccinated crossbred cattle 78.37% were vaccinated by Department of Livestock Services (DLS) produced vaccine and 21.63% by imported vaccines. Vaccination cost per crossbred cattle by DLS vaccine was Tk. 49.49 and by imported vaccine Tk. 249. Disposal of dead cattle practices were left in open field, dropped into water, and buried were 17.63%, 52.87%, and 11.29%, respectively. Extrapolating the financial losses on 25.7 million cattle the annual financial losses due to FMD would be Tk. 188569.6 million (US$ 2220.82 million).
Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2019
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal he... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, world organization for animal health (OIE) notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats associated with high morbidity and mortality and caused by PPR virus. This research work was done in 2016-2017 by executing, surveillance and clinical investigation studies to determine present status of circulating PPR virus and its detection of antibody level of PPRV in different areas of Bangladesh. cELISA was conducted to detect the PPR antibody and RT-PCR also used for identification of N gene PPRV. The clinical outbreak of PPR, the total 124 samples was collected at the six locations of the country and highest case fatality (morbidity) was recorded at Jhenaidah 93.75% (75 out of 80).The highest morbidity rate and mortality rate was 69.23% and 13.07% respectively. The result of RT-PCR indicates the PPR virus circulating in the different regions of Bangladesh. For sero-prevalence of PPR antibodies of 366 serum samples were collected at different region of Bangladesh such as Chuadanga 47.81% (22 out of 47), Sirajganj 34.21% (13 out of 38), Thakurgaon 48.15% (26 out of 54), Satkhira 56.92% (37out of 65), Jhenaidah 33.33% (28 out of 84) and Chattogram 30.79 % (24 out of 78). It is reflected that the selected areas are highly suspected PPR and need to proper vaccination against PPR vaccine that can protect PPR disease in goat and sheep which helps to meet global PPR control strategy as well as contribute to achieve the two (2) number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2020
Chicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorptio... more Chicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.
J Adv Vet Anim Res, 2019
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) outb... more Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) outbreak in cattle in the Sarankhola Upazila under Bagerhat district of Bangladesh with isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of FMDV during April 2018. Materials and Methods: This Upazila is located at southern border of Bangladesh and surrounded by mangrove forest Sundarban. The outbreak investigation team collected epidemiological data from outbreak location. In addition, the team collected a total of 30 (15 calves, 15 adult) tongue epithelial tissue samples from a clinically FMD-affected cattle. The confirmation of FMDV and its three serotypes (A, O, and Asia-1) was performed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). An amplified product of the VP1 region of FMDV genome was sequenced by Sanger sequencing method after cultivation and reconfirmation of FMDV into the BHK21 cell line. Genetic variability was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree. Results: The investigation survey was carried out in overall 8,393 (8,393/15,580; 53.89%) cases including 3,050 (3,050/8,393; 36.34%) cases in calf and 5,343 (5,343/8,393; 59.77%) cases in adult cattle. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was recorded as 2.27% (354/15,580) with significantly highest CFR in the calf (71.46%; 253/354) compared to an adult. The collected all 30 samples found with FMDV positive and mixed infection of all samples with serotype Asia-1 and serotype O were observed. In BHK 21 cell line, the eight FMDV positive samples showed a typical cytopathic effect during the third passage. Finally, DNA sequence data of two isolates found closely related with the isolates of bordering country India and Myanmar. Conclusion: The investigation identified the risk factors involved in an outbreak of FMDV, namely, sharing the common paddy land after harvesting, no FMD vaccination, the interaction between cattle and wildlife, and cross bordering movement. ARTICLE HISTORY
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2019
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate different respiratory diseases in broiler and ... more Objective: This study was conducted to investigate different respiratory diseases in broiler and sonali birds in some selected districts of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We were collected a total of 460 blood samples from 46 farms with 36 broiler farms and 10 sonali farms (cross-breed) from 2015 to 2017. All the collected serum samples were tested for determining specific antibodies of avian rhinotracheitis (ART) virus, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, infectious bronchitis (IBV) virus, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The overall seropositivity was highest in ORT (45.9%), followed by IBV (37.6%), ART (2.6%), and ILT (0.4%). Out of 360 broiler samples, highest seropositivity was recorded in ORT (43.3%) and lowest in IBV (31.4%). Surprisingly, no broiler samples were found positive for ART and ILT. In case of sonali, the seropositivity was highest in IBV (60%) and lowest in ILT (2%). With respect to types of birds and age groups, the seropositive percentage of all four pathogens was found higher in sonali than broiler. Between two age groups of sonali, the seropositive percentage of ART (12%), ORT (55%), ILT (2%), and IBV (60%) was highest at 21-60 weeks of age compared to 5-20 weeks of age. However, based on location, the seropositive of ORT and IBV was highest in Jamalpur (63.3%) and Fulbariya and Trishal (50%) and lowest in Sreepur (16.7%) and Jamalpur (3.3%). Conclusion: The four pathogens are ubiquitous in nature for the sonali chickens, and the prevalence of ORT and IBV was the most prevalent viruses in the study areas. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and characterization of ORT and ART circulating in all types of poultry in Bangladesh. ARTICLE HISTORY
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2019
Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important poultry pathogen, which causes immunosuppr... more Background: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important poultry pathogen, which causes immunosuppression and varying levels of mortality. Poultry production is a major livelihood for the people in Bangladesh. The broiler parent stock of Bangladesh using vaccine against CAV but the efficacy of this vaccine against CAV is not well understood. The present study highlights the vaccine efficacy of CAV and maternal transfer of antibodies to the hatched chicks. Methods: Total 7 broiler parent stock (Cobb 500) farms were selected from 7 districts of Bangladesh. Vaccines against CAV administer single time at 80 days of age by live Nobilis® CAV P4 vaccine. Total 516 blood samples were collected in 6 times (at 0, 17, 25, 33, 41 and 49 weeks) from each farm. Then again 143 blood samples were collected from next generation broiler chicks of corresponding broiler parent stock farms at 0, 15 and 30 days. There was no CAV vaccine used in this broiler. Test methods were indirect ELISA test for the detection of blood antibody level against CAV by commercially available kits. Results: No adverse reactions were observed in any of the birds during the course of the study. Our results suggest that the CAV antibody starts decreasing 10 weeks post vaccination. Moreover, a substantial maternal antibody titer has been observed in all groups of chicken hatched out from the earlier vaccinated birds which is sufficient to protect up to first 30 days of life. Conclusions: The antibody titer against CAV become declined after 10 weeks of post vaccination to broiler parent stock and maternally derived antibody can protect chicks until 30 days of live. The study reports the efficacy of vaccination against CAV in Bangladesh and its possible implications in further optimizing the strategy for its vaccination.
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research , 2018
A prevalence study was conducted to observe both ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infec... more A prevalence study was conducted to observe both ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infection throughout one year surveillance. The study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 through Parasitology Laboratory, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka. The study considered age of cattle, season and type of parasitic infestation. In the study area total number of cattle population was 2000 in which 500 fecal and 200 ectoparasitic samples was collected considering three respective seasons like rainy, summer and winter. The fecal samples were examined by direct smear method followed by McMaster counting techniques and examine under microscope. After collection of samples within 24 hours all sample were tested by preserving at 4 0 C temperature. In clinical observation, the overall prevalence of endoparasitic (gastrointestinal) infection was 68% and ectoparasitic infection was 60%. Prevalence of endoparasite was more frequent in rainy season (52.65%) followed by summer (27.05%) and winter season (20.29%) whereas prevalence of ectoparasite was more frequent in summer (39%) followed by rainy (13.5%) and winter (7.5%) season. The parasitic prevalence load was low in winter season. In endoparasitic infection, the higher prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (20%) was found in rainy season whereas Haemonchus spp. (14%) and Toxocara spp. (12%) were higher in summer. In cattle, prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (25.14%) and Haemonchus spp. (18.58%) was higher in adult cattle (above 6 months), whereas prevalence of Toxocara spp. (36.67%) and Coccidial oocyst (23.33%) was higher in calf (under 6 month) than adult animal (above 6 months) of age. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 60% and tick infestation was highest (22.5%) followed by lice (17.5%), mange (12.5%) and maggot fly (7.5%). High humidity (above 70%) and temperature provoke high endo-and ecto-parasite infection in the environment and infect cattle as well as other livestock species. (
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research , 2018
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spore forming Bacillus anthracis. Throughout the world, i... more Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spore forming Bacillus anthracis. Throughout the world, it causes illness in livestock, wildlife and sometimes secondarily infects humans and causes a major public health threat. The study was conducted to assess cattle owners' awareness, perceptions and attitudes toward anthrax. Data on awareness of anthrax, clinical signs of anthrax in animals and human, its routes of transmission and methods of prevention, the families' consumption habits of anthrax-infected carcasses, and other family activities that increase exposure to anthrax were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Overall, the level of awareness amongst the farmers for anthrax was 71.5%. All of the farmers were aware that anthrax occurs in cattle, and 54% indicated the presence of unclotting blood oozing from natural orifices as a consistent finding in cattle that died of anthrax, whereas 71.2% of them indicated the presence of skin lesions as the most common sign of the disease in humans. The good efficacy of human anthrax treatment (62%), slaughter of moribund cattle and selling of meat from cattle found dead to unsuspecting consumers (68%), reluctance to lose animals (28%), and forgetting about anthrax (46.4%) were mentioned as the major reasons for consuming anthrax-infected carcasses. Of the respondents 79.2% of cattle owners indicated that they would not consume meat from cattle found dead, because they were discouraged by veterinary authorities, therefore introducing meat inspection services is likely to have a positive impact in preventing human anthrax outbreaks in selected areas of Bangladesh. (
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research , 2018
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pandemic thread and this year 2018 is passing the century of Spa... more Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pandemic thread and this year 2018 is passing the century of Spanish flu (H1N1) of 1918 when the world approximately 50 million human deaths occurred worldwide. About 1.7 million peoples become died in over Asia from 1957 to till now by the name of Asian flu (H2N2) at 1957 and Hong Kong flu (H3N2) at 1968. In Bangladesh, since first identification of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) at 2007 poultry industry faces outbreaks at a significant level in every year although human infection is uncommon. The infections spreading among all major avian species like chicken, duck, turkey, quail. On the other hand it is reported that the infection is spreading among wild birds like house crow, migratory birds and wild animals also. During first isolation the virus were in clade 2.2.2 but after several mutations over 11 years now it becomes under clade 2.3.2.1a and circulating in environment. Government of Bangladesh decided to vaccinate against AIV in 2012 with two killed and one vector vaccine to combat the AIV that brings a satisfactory result. But from the couples of years again the incidence of AIV becomes very high and ongoing researches like sink surveillance shows 50-90% live bird markets of Dhaka and Chattagram districts are infected. To combat the AIV it is recommended that farms should have to ensure the good quality vaccine with good farm biosecurity practice along with conventional stamping out program. (
Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research , 2018
Mycotoxins contamination of animal feeds remains a great concern for animal feed safety, public h... more Mycotoxins contamination of animal feeds remains a great concern for animal feed safety, public health and economic significance. It may occur in various foods and feeds stuffs from agricultural commodities to finished foods and feeds of animal. Hot, humid weather and late harvesting of grains favored the mold and fungal growth in cereal crops. There are around 400 types of mycotoxins in which aflatoxin, deoxyinalenol (vomitoxin), fumonisin, zearalenone and ochratoxins are important for animal and human foods. However, presence of mold or fungi in the grains does not mean that mycotoxins are present in feeds or foods. The acceptable level of aflatoxins, deoxyinalenol (vomitoxin), fumonisin, zearalenone and ochratoxins are in livestock feeds are 20 ppb, 10 ppm, 5 ppm and 3-10 ppm and 3-20 (μg/kg) respectively. Mycotoxins can be found in contaminated cereal grains, straw and silage. The most detrimental effects of mycotoxins are hepatic, digestive, immunological, reproductive disorders, teratogenicity, nephrotoxicity, edema and carcinogenicity etc. of animal and human being. Adsorbents and activated charcoal in animal feeds bind the toxic substances. There are some regulations but not in all countries aimed to prevent and control mycotoxins in industrial processed foods and animal feeds but not in locally processed ones. A number of strategies in some countries for preventing mycotoxins have been mobilized but the awareness for implementation is very weak. Mass media can play an important role to build awareness to mycotoxin. (
Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of mastitis on post-partum conceptio... more Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of mastitis on post-partum conception in crossed cows (Local x Friesian or Sahiwal x Friesian) in Chittagong area of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 100 lactating cows were randomly selected from thirteen small and medium size commercial dairy farms. The cows were reared under traditional feeding and management systems. Age and number of parity of the cows were 2.5 to 6 years and 1-5, respectively. On-farm California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Whit Slide Test (WST) were performed with the milk samples to diagnose mastitis. Besides, productive and reproductive data were recorded by examining the animals and interviewing the farmers. Results: The incidence of mastitis was significantly (P=0.037) higher (76% for CMT and 62% for WST) in 3.5-4.5 years old cows and lower (P=0.037) (47% for CMT) in 2.5-3.5 years old cows. The highest percentage of CMT (72%) and WST (59%) positive cases were found in cows having parity number 2. The CMT (71%) and WST (53%) test results were similar in third parity cows. The first parity cows were less prone to mastitis (47%). Mastitis had significantly (P=0.002) negative effect on days required to first heat after parturition. Mastitis was also negatively correlated with calving interval (CI) (P=0.030). More the incidence of mastitis prolongs the calving interval and the highest percentage (85% for CMT and 71% for WST) of mastitis was found in cows having 380-400 days calving interval. Lowest mastitis (54% for CMT and 48% for WST) incidence detected cows' lowest calving interval. Significantly, more number of Service per Conception (SPC) was also required in cows having more incidence of mastitis (P=0.03). SPC was 4 for subclinical to clinical cases and 3 for clinical cases. Conclusion: Significant correlation between mastitis and post-partum conception is recorded in this study that may hamper reproductive performances. How to cite: Khokon MSI, Azizunnesa, Islam MM, Chowdhury KB, Rahman ML, Ali MZ (2017). Effect of mastitis on post-partum conception of cross bred dairy cows in Chittagong district of Bangladesh. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 4(2): 155-160. http://bdvets.org/javar/
An experiment was conducted evaluate the effects of different dietary calcium and phosphorus rati... more An experiment was conducted evaluate the effects of different dietary calcium and phosphorus ratio on urinary system and incidence of gout in broiler chicks on One hundred and twenty healthy broiler chicks that were selected and randomly divided into three groups as group A, B and C in which group A was control. The different groups were given three experimental ration containing calcium and phosphorus ratio as 1.50:0.5 (control), 2.50:0.5 and 3.5:0.5 were given for group A, B and C respectively for 28 days of experimental period. The biological parameters like serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, FCR, kidney: body weight ratio was studied. Pathological examination of urinary system, pericardium, liver and visceral organ surfaces were performed. Chicks fed with high dietary calcium and phosphorus ratio showed hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and increase incidence of visceral gout. In treatment groups the FCR and mean kidney: body weight ratio was higher. The ureters also showed occlusion and distention. The kidneys showing gross pathological lesions revealed common histopathological changes in glomeruli, tubular cells and interlobular veins. In general the urinary system of the treated birds, displayed inflammatory lesions, showing abnormalities of colour, size, shape and texture of kidneys and ureters. The rate of uric acid, urea, total protein, albumin, creatinine, calcium and alkaline phosphatase had meaningful changes compared control with group (p<0.05). Deposition of urates in kidney, on heart serous surfaces, liver, mesenteric and peritoneum were displayed in treatment group.
The present study was carried out to investigate the pathology of avian aspergillosis in commerci... more The present study was carried out to investigate the pathology of avian aspergillosis in commercial broiler chickens at Chittagong
district. A total of 912 sick and dead chickens were collected from 20 commercial broiler farms and diagnosed for avian
aspergillosis on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms and postmortem findings. The suspected birds were collected for necropsy examination and mycological culture. Gross lesions of multiple hard creamy to yellow colored, circumscribe plaques throughout
the lungs surface and consolidated lung with necrotic areas were observed. Microscopically, the typical nodules consisted of
caseous necrotic center were present. Identified the Aspergillus spp according to their color of colony growth on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The overall incidence of avian aspergillosis was found 6.14%. Among five Upazilla, significantly (p<0.007) higher and lower incidence was found in Patenga and Sitakunda that were 9.25% and 3.43% respectively. It was observed that highest incidence (8.22%) in rainy and lowest (3.16%) in winter but moderate (5.16%) in summer season. The disease was significantly (p<0.050) higher (8.27%) in age between 6-10 days and lower (4.11%) in age between 0-5 days. It was also found that incidence of avian aspergillosis was significantly (p<0.042) higher in flocks reared on sawdust litter (7.69%) as compared to rice husk litter (3. 46%).
Aim: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is important avian pathogen responsible for chronic respirator... more Aim: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is important avian pathogen responsible for chronic respiratory disease of chicken and turkeys, which result in large economic loss for the poultry industry. The objectives of this study were determination of seroprevalence of MG antibody of commercial layer chicken at laying period in selected areas of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: A total of 563 blood samples were collected randomly from selected commercial layer chickens at
laying period during the period from July to December, 2013. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and
serum plate agglutination (SPA) test were performed to detect the presence of antibodies against MG.
Results: Of 563 samples, 64.47% and 56.13% showed an overall prevalence of MG antibodies in iELISA and SPA test
respectively. Prevalence of MG was recorded the highest (69.63%) at 50-55 weeks of age compared with lowest (53.26%)
at 56-61 weeks of age (p<0.05). Significant (p<0.05) effect of breed were observed in the seroprevalence of MG infection in
layer birds in the present study. The overall, 68.77%, 63.74% and 59.37% prevalence were found respectively in sonali, ISA
Brown and White leg horn. The prevalence of MG antibodies was the highest (70.13%) in December followed by November (68%), October (65.67%), August (63.46%), September (58.54%) and July (51.78%) month. The seroprevalence of MG antibodies was higher (69.63%) in most of the large flocks and lower (56.82%) in small flocks.
Conclusion: Therefore, might be suggested that the commercial layer farms should be routinely checked to monitor MG infection and the reactor birds should be culled since MG organism has the potential to transmit vertically. The correlation between MG antibody in month and flock size was not significant (p=0.359 and p=0.868, respectively).
Thesis Chapters by Md Zulfekar Ali
Thesis, 2018
Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease of poultry for its rapid spreading, high con... more Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease of poultry for its rapid spreading, high contagiousness and high lethality. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1.NDV is a single-stranded, negative-sense enveloped RNA virus and the viral genome is 15,186 bp long.Coughing, sneezing, paralyzed wings and legs, twisted necks, diarrhea, partial or complete drop in egg production, high mortality rate are the major clinical signs of ND. Total 77 tracheal swab samples was collected from (Live bird markets) LBM, Backyard chickens and Commercial poultry farms around Dhaka (Savar), Tangail (Mirzapur) and Gazipur (Gazipur Sadar).Than brought to the lab for processing and stored at -80°c.For the extraction of RNA, MagMAXTM-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit and KingFisher™ Flex 96 well robot machine was used. The AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR kit was used for RT-PCR testing and for the detection of NDV, RT-PCR machine was used. Out of 77 samples, 17 were detected as positive sample and the prevalence of NDV was observed 22.07%. Prevalence of NDV was highest in Backyard chickens 25.00% and lowest in Commercial Poultry farms 20.59%.In case of location, maximum number of NDV positive sample was found in Gazipur 7 (29.17%) and minimum in Savar 5(16.67%) and Mirzapur 5(21.74%).Among Sample types, Native Chickens contain highest presentence of NDV 25% and Sonali chickens contain lowest Presentence of NDV 0%.Chickens that consume mixed feed were more susceptible to develop NVD when compare with Commercial and Scavenging type of feed. Qualified person were more successful to prevent the breakout of NDV compared with less qualified person.
There was no significant (P=0.927) association of NDV infection with the feed habit of chickens. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with the Educational qualification of poultry workers. There was no significant (P=0.629) association of NDV infection with sample collection location. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with sample type.
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Papers by Md Zulfekar Ali
district. A total of 912 sick and dead chickens were collected from 20 commercial broiler farms and diagnosed for avian
aspergillosis on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms and postmortem findings. The suspected birds were collected for necropsy examination and mycological culture. Gross lesions of multiple hard creamy to yellow colored, circumscribe plaques throughout
the lungs surface and consolidated lung with necrotic areas were observed. Microscopically, the typical nodules consisted of
caseous necrotic center were present. Identified the Aspergillus spp according to their color of colony growth on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The overall incidence of avian aspergillosis was found 6.14%. Among five Upazilla, significantly (p<0.007) higher and lower incidence was found in Patenga and Sitakunda that were 9.25% and 3.43% respectively. It was observed that highest incidence (8.22%) in rainy and lowest (3.16%) in winter but moderate (5.16%) in summer season. The disease was significantly (p<0.050) higher (8.27%) in age between 6-10 days and lower (4.11%) in age between 0-5 days. It was also found that incidence of avian aspergillosis was significantly (p<0.042) higher in flocks reared on sawdust litter (7.69%) as compared to rice husk litter (3. 46%).
Materials and Methods: A total of 563 blood samples were collected randomly from selected commercial layer chickens at
laying period during the period from July to December, 2013. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and
serum plate agglutination (SPA) test were performed to detect the presence of antibodies against MG.
Results: Of 563 samples, 64.47% and 56.13% showed an overall prevalence of MG antibodies in iELISA and SPA test
respectively. Prevalence of MG was recorded the highest (69.63%) at 50-55 weeks of age compared with lowest (53.26%)
at 56-61 weeks of age (p<0.05). Significant (p<0.05) effect of breed were observed in the seroprevalence of MG infection in
layer birds in the present study. The overall, 68.77%, 63.74% and 59.37% prevalence were found respectively in sonali, ISA
Brown and White leg horn. The prevalence of MG antibodies was the highest (70.13%) in December followed by November (68%), October (65.67%), August (63.46%), September (58.54%) and July (51.78%) month. The seroprevalence of MG antibodies was higher (69.63%) in most of the large flocks and lower (56.82%) in small flocks.
Conclusion: Therefore, might be suggested that the commercial layer farms should be routinely checked to monitor MG infection and the reactor birds should be culled since MG organism has the potential to transmit vertically. The correlation between MG antibody in month and flock size was not significant (p=0.359 and p=0.868, respectively).
Thesis Chapters by Md Zulfekar Ali
There was no significant (P=0.927) association of NDV infection with the feed habit of chickens. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with the Educational qualification of poultry workers. There was no significant (P=0.629) association of NDV infection with sample collection location. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with sample type.
district. A total of 912 sick and dead chickens were collected from 20 commercial broiler farms and diagnosed for avian
aspergillosis on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms and postmortem findings. The suspected birds were collected for necropsy examination and mycological culture. Gross lesions of multiple hard creamy to yellow colored, circumscribe plaques throughout
the lungs surface and consolidated lung with necrotic areas were observed. Microscopically, the typical nodules consisted of
caseous necrotic center were present. Identified the Aspergillus spp according to their color of colony growth on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The overall incidence of avian aspergillosis was found 6.14%. Among five Upazilla, significantly (p<0.007) higher and lower incidence was found in Patenga and Sitakunda that were 9.25% and 3.43% respectively. It was observed that highest incidence (8.22%) in rainy and lowest (3.16%) in winter but moderate (5.16%) in summer season. The disease was significantly (p<0.050) higher (8.27%) in age between 6-10 days and lower (4.11%) in age between 0-5 days. It was also found that incidence of avian aspergillosis was significantly (p<0.042) higher in flocks reared on sawdust litter (7.69%) as compared to rice husk litter (3. 46%).
Materials and Methods: A total of 563 blood samples were collected randomly from selected commercial layer chickens at
laying period during the period from July to December, 2013. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and
serum plate agglutination (SPA) test were performed to detect the presence of antibodies against MG.
Results: Of 563 samples, 64.47% and 56.13% showed an overall prevalence of MG antibodies in iELISA and SPA test
respectively. Prevalence of MG was recorded the highest (69.63%) at 50-55 weeks of age compared with lowest (53.26%)
at 56-61 weeks of age (p<0.05). Significant (p<0.05) effect of breed were observed in the seroprevalence of MG infection in
layer birds in the present study. The overall, 68.77%, 63.74% and 59.37% prevalence were found respectively in sonali, ISA
Brown and White leg horn. The prevalence of MG antibodies was the highest (70.13%) in December followed by November (68%), October (65.67%), August (63.46%), September (58.54%) and July (51.78%) month. The seroprevalence of MG antibodies was higher (69.63%) in most of the large flocks and lower (56.82%) in small flocks.
Conclusion: Therefore, might be suggested that the commercial layer farms should be routinely checked to monitor MG infection and the reactor birds should be culled since MG organism has the potential to transmit vertically. The correlation between MG antibody in month and flock size was not significant (p=0.359 and p=0.868, respectively).
There was no significant (P=0.927) association of NDV infection with the feed habit of chickens. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with the Educational qualification of poultry workers. There was no significant (P=0.629) association of NDV infection with sample collection location. There was a significant (P<0.05) association of NDV infection with sample type.