BACKGROUND Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against eme... more BACKGROUND Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against emerging health threats, and reducing inequalities in Iran rely on a comprehensive national and subnational breakdown of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. METHODS In this systematic analysis, we present the national and subnational estimates of the burden of disease in Iran using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We report trends in demographics, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, as well as years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by major diseases and risk factors. A multi-intervention segmented-regression model was used to explore the overall impact of health sector changes and sanctions. For this analysis, we used a variety of sources and reports, including vital registration, census, and survey data to provide estimates of mortality and morbidity at the national and subnational level in Iran. FINDINGS Iran, which had 84·3 million inhabitants in 2019, had a life expectancy of 79·6 years (95% uncertainty interval 79·2-79·9) in female individuals and 76·1 (75·6-76·5) in male individuals, an increase compared with 1990. The number of DALYs remained stable and reached 19·8 million (17·3-22·6) in 2019, of which 78·1% were caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared with 43·0% in 1990. During the study period, age-standardised DALY rates and YLL rates decreased considerably; however, YLDs remained nearly constant. The share of age-standardised YLDs contributing to the DALY rate steadily increased to 44·5% by 2019. With regard to the DALY rates of different provinces, inequalities were decreasing. From 1990 to 2019, although the number of DALYs attributed to all risk factors decreased by 16·8%, deaths attributable to all risk factors substantially grew by 43·8%. The regression results revealed a significant negative association between sanctions and health status. INTERPRETATION The Iranian health-care system is encountering NCDs as its new challenge, which necessitates a coordinated multisectoral approach. Although the Iranian health-care system has been successful to some extent in controlling mortality, it has overlooked the burden of morbidity and need for rehabilitation. We did not capture alleviation of the burden of diseases in Iran following the 2004 and 2014 health sector reforms; however, the sanctions were associated with deaths of Iranians caused by NCDs. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Background and Objective: A brief and short duration episode of ischemia is recorded in ischemic ... more Background and Objective: A brief and short duration episode of ischemia is recorded in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). This latter condition provides a status in which large region of heart is protected when prolonged ischemia occurred. Levothyroxine play a protective role in IPC induction, and simultaneously with stress oxidative. This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of levothyroxine with oxidative stress reduction mechanism in ischemic preconditioning model in rat heart. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats in three groups of 10, as follows. In the reperfusion ischaemia group (IR), the heart of the animal was placed in a Langendorff apparatus. In the ischemic preconditioning group (IPC), prior to major ischemia, was exposed to 4 periods of 5-minute ischemia with reperfusion. In the intraperitoneally administered group, levothyroxine at a dose of 25 microgram per 100 g of body weight, the heart was exposed to reperfusion isch...
Background: Osteoprotegrin (OPG) is a cytokine from tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and ... more Background: Osteoprotegrin (OPG) is a cytokine from tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and is classified as an inhibitory factor of osteoclast reproduction. There are evidences showing the regulatory action of OPG on bone turnover. Also the meaningful relationship of OPG levels and thyroid hormones levels has been shown. But the direct influence of hypothyroidism treatment on OPG levels is still a field of challenge. In this study we aimed to assess the potent effect of hypothyroidism treatment by levothyroxine on OPG levels of subclinical hypothyroidism in women before and after of using this drug. Methods: 50 women with ages ranging 20 to 45 were enrolled in this study in two 25 member group (case and control). The levels of OPG were measured in control group and case group for two times( before and after 2 months treatment by levothyroxine) Results: Although there was no difference between control and case groups before and after the treatment, the levels of OPG decreased n...
This study was designed to explore the status of the thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] in the fir... more This study was designed to explore the status of the thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this analytical research, 'Project 120', apparently healthy pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy were selected randomly from pregnant women who visited the Danesh Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Gorgan, which is located in northern Iran, during 2007-08. Serum TSH was measured by the Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay [ELISA]. He findings of this study indicated that 10% of pregnant women who also were apparently healthy subjects showed abnormal TSH serum concentration on the bases of the reference range of the laboratory kit used in this study, which seems to be incorrect. It is concluded here, that for the accurate measurement and the interpretation of thyroid hormones, the proper reference intervals in each region should be established to avoid confusion about the diagnosis of the thyroid function tests.
Background:Euthyroid subjects with higher thyroid stimulating hormones may eventually lead to ath... more Background:Euthyroid subjects with higher thyroid stimulating hormones may eventually lead to atherosclerosis.On the other hand homocysteine elevation increase coronary heart disorders. Further studies indicated that serum elevation of homocystein can be considered as risk factor in diabetes-2 subjects .This study try to evaluate the association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Hormones in postmenopausal euthyroid Diabetic Subjects. Material and methods :Ninety postmenopausal euthyroid diabetic subjects were consecutively recruited in this cross-sectional study.Clinicalandbiomedicaldatawascollected. Results:Free thyroxin (FT4) and TSH levels were lower in hyperhomocysteinaemia group than in normal-homocysteine group that was significant.Univariate analysisshowed.No significant association was found with TSH or free triiodothyronine and FT4 was significantly lower in hyperhomocystein than normal homocysteinWhen analyzed in subjects with TSH<2.5 uIU/mL separately. ...
Background: This is the study to assess alterations on adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrom... more Background: This is the study to assess alterations on adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrome components in women and men bipolar disorder (BD) patients with normal weight and obesity who received valproic acid (VPA) and lithium (Li). Methods: Thirty-six women and 51 men were included. Commercial kits were used to determine all parameters. Metabolic syndrome components were determined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: Patients who received Li and VPA significantly differ in waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (in women and men). Normal weight patients received both drugs, significant differences were considered in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), WC, and TG levels compared to healthy controls, but there were significant differences in TG, leptin, and adiponectin levels in obese patients who received VPA. There were significant negative and positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG in women and men BD patients treated with VPA and Li. There were significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG and significant negative correlation with HDL-C in normal weight BD patients treated with VPA and Li, respectively, while there was only a significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin, and TG in obese BD patients treated with VPA. Conclusions: It looks like that patients treated with both drugs for our suggested time may increase leptin and adiponectin levels. Correlation differences between leptin and adiponectin, and metabolic syndrome components may be important parameters in women, men, normal weight, and obese BD patients. Monitoring of body composition and adipokines may benefit in medical care of these patients.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the influences of various doses of peppermint oi... more Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the influences of various doses of peppermint oil on the hepatic en-zymes, alanine transaminase, apartate tranaminase, alkaline phosphotase and gamma glutamyl transferase and the level of malondialdehyde in the serum of mice with and without immobility stress. The mice exposed to drink water, 0.9, 27 and 60 mg/kg peppermint oil from the days 1 to 5 for a period of 4 h before and after immobility stress. Serum MDA in-creased in treatment group II, III and IV after immobility stress. There was a significant decrease in ALT in treatment group III and IV after immobility stress. There were also significant decreases in ALP and GGT in treatment group IV af-ter immobility stress. This result may suggest that, MDA level is higher in immobilization stress group than in the un-immobilized animals in serum and this results show that enzyme activities decreased after immobilization stress.
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. The present study aimed to assess the metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on hundred postmenopausal women who were referred to the health centers in Gorgan. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Results. The mean body mass index, waist circumference, hip, circumference waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly high among postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, but the mean HDL-cholesterol was significantly
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersi... more 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey. 2 Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. 3 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran.
Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in several countries. The main aim of t... more Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in several countries. The main aim of this study was to find and describe province-specific estimates of incidence in males and females by age groups for thyroid cancer. Methodology: The data used in this study were collected from a cancer registry that was established by Health Deputy of Golestan province for a period of one year (2004), in different age groups. Thyroid cancer data was identified and collected through the eighteen Pathology Laboratory centers (where males and female populations is referred) in Golestan province. Results: A total of 348 females and 409 males cases with cancer representing all sites were identified during the study period. It included seventeen females and five male thyroid cancer patients. In female’s thyroid cancer, there were twelve papillary carcinoma (70.6%), two medullary carcinoma, one carcinoma anaplastic and one carcinoma (5.9%). In male’s, there were two papillary carcinoma (40%) and...
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age- and gender-related serum... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age- and gender-related serum level of interleukin 18 (IL18) in male and female Iranian Fars ethnic group with metabolic syndrome components. Methods: The study included 226 native Iranian Fars ethnic groups. One hundred sixteen females and 110 men were selected. There were 60 females and 50 males with metabolic syndrome and 56 females and 60 males without metabolic syndrome. The serum fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profiles, and IL18 were measured. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult treatment Panel III criteria were used to determine metabolic syndrome components. Results: There were significant differences between the males and females [except high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] with and without metabolic syndrome for the mean body mass index, FBS, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), and IL18 levels in all age groups. Serum IL18 was the highest in males and females in age groups 61-70 and 41-50 years with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Serum IL18 levels significantly correlated with TG and waist WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) and females with the metabolic syndrome. There were significant correlations between IL18 and TG and WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) in ages 61-70 years and females in ages 41-50 years with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The increased IL18 level in both gender and different ages may have an important role in the alteration of some metabolic syndrome components. These alterations may be made to happen in different related metabolic diseases. IL18 seems to be a useful biomarker for the management of metabolic syndrome components and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
BACKGROUND Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against eme... more BACKGROUND Better evaluation of existing health programmes, appropriate policy making against emerging health threats, and reducing inequalities in Iran rely on a comprehensive national and subnational breakdown of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. METHODS In this systematic analysis, we present the national and subnational estimates of the burden of disease in Iran using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We report trends in demographics, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, as well as years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by major diseases and risk factors. A multi-intervention segmented-regression model was used to explore the overall impact of health sector changes and sanctions. For this analysis, we used a variety of sources and reports, including vital registration, census, and survey data to provide estimates of mortality and morbidity at the national and subnational level in Iran. FINDINGS Iran, which had 84·3 million inhabitants in 2019, had a life expectancy of 79·6 years (95% uncertainty interval 79·2-79·9) in female individuals and 76·1 (75·6-76·5) in male individuals, an increase compared with 1990. The number of DALYs remained stable and reached 19·8 million (17·3-22·6) in 2019, of which 78·1% were caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared with 43·0% in 1990. During the study period, age-standardised DALY rates and YLL rates decreased considerably; however, YLDs remained nearly constant. The share of age-standardised YLDs contributing to the DALY rate steadily increased to 44·5% by 2019. With regard to the DALY rates of different provinces, inequalities were decreasing. From 1990 to 2019, although the number of DALYs attributed to all risk factors decreased by 16·8%, deaths attributable to all risk factors substantially grew by 43·8%. The regression results revealed a significant negative association between sanctions and health status. INTERPRETATION The Iranian health-care system is encountering NCDs as its new challenge, which necessitates a coordinated multisectoral approach. Although the Iranian health-care system has been successful to some extent in controlling mortality, it has overlooked the burden of morbidity and need for rehabilitation. We did not capture alleviation of the burden of diseases in Iran following the 2004 and 2014 health sector reforms; however, the sanctions were associated with deaths of Iranians caused by NCDs. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Background and Objective: A brief and short duration episode of ischemia is recorded in ischemic ... more Background and Objective: A brief and short duration episode of ischemia is recorded in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). This latter condition provides a status in which large region of heart is protected when prolonged ischemia occurred. Levothyroxine play a protective role in IPC induction, and simultaneously with stress oxidative. This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of levothyroxine with oxidative stress reduction mechanism in ischemic preconditioning model in rat heart. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats in three groups of 10, as follows. In the reperfusion ischaemia group (IR), the heart of the animal was placed in a Langendorff apparatus. In the ischemic preconditioning group (IPC), prior to major ischemia, was exposed to 4 periods of 5-minute ischemia with reperfusion. In the intraperitoneally administered group, levothyroxine at a dose of 25 microgram per 100 g of body weight, the heart was exposed to reperfusion isch...
Background: Osteoprotegrin (OPG) is a cytokine from tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and ... more Background: Osteoprotegrin (OPG) is a cytokine from tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and is classified as an inhibitory factor of osteoclast reproduction. There are evidences showing the regulatory action of OPG on bone turnover. Also the meaningful relationship of OPG levels and thyroid hormones levels has been shown. But the direct influence of hypothyroidism treatment on OPG levels is still a field of challenge. In this study we aimed to assess the potent effect of hypothyroidism treatment by levothyroxine on OPG levels of subclinical hypothyroidism in women before and after of using this drug. Methods: 50 women with ages ranging 20 to 45 were enrolled in this study in two 25 member group (case and control). The levels of OPG were measured in control group and case group for two times( before and after 2 months treatment by levothyroxine) Results: Although there was no difference between control and case groups before and after the treatment, the levels of OPG decreased n...
This study was designed to explore the status of the thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] in the fir... more This study was designed to explore the status of the thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this analytical research, 'Project 120', apparently healthy pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy were selected randomly from pregnant women who visited the Danesh Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Gorgan, which is located in northern Iran, during 2007-08. Serum TSH was measured by the Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay [ELISA]. He findings of this study indicated that 10% of pregnant women who also were apparently healthy subjects showed abnormal TSH serum concentration on the bases of the reference range of the laboratory kit used in this study, which seems to be incorrect. It is concluded here, that for the accurate measurement and the interpretation of thyroid hormones, the proper reference intervals in each region should be established to avoid confusion about the diagnosis of the thyroid function tests.
Background:Euthyroid subjects with higher thyroid stimulating hormones may eventually lead to ath... more Background:Euthyroid subjects with higher thyroid stimulating hormones may eventually lead to atherosclerosis.On the other hand homocysteine elevation increase coronary heart disorders. Further studies indicated that serum elevation of homocystein can be considered as risk factor in diabetes-2 subjects .This study try to evaluate the association between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Hormones in postmenopausal euthyroid Diabetic Subjects. Material and methods :Ninety postmenopausal euthyroid diabetic subjects were consecutively recruited in this cross-sectional study.Clinicalandbiomedicaldatawascollected. Results:Free thyroxin (FT4) and TSH levels were lower in hyperhomocysteinaemia group than in normal-homocysteine group that was significant.Univariate analysisshowed.No significant association was found with TSH or free triiodothyronine and FT4 was significantly lower in hyperhomocystein than normal homocysteinWhen analyzed in subjects with TSH<2.5 uIU/mL separately. ...
Background: This is the study to assess alterations on adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrom... more Background: This is the study to assess alterations on adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic syndrome components in women and men bipolar disorder (BD) patients with normal weight and obesity who received valproic acid (VPA) and lithium (Li). Methods: Thirty-six women and 51 men were included. Commercial kits were used to determine all parameters. Metabolic syndrome components were determined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. Results: Patients who received Li and VPA significantly differ in waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (in women and men). Normal weight patients received both drugs, significant differences were considered in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), WC, and TG levels compared to healthy controls, but there were significant differences in TG, leptin, and adiponectin levels in obese patients who received VPA. There were significant negative and positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG in women and men BD patients treated with VPA and Li. There were significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin and WC and TG and significant negative correlation with HDL-C in normal weight BD patients treated with VPA and Li, respectively, while there was only a significant positive correlation between leptin and adiponectin, and TG in obese BD patients treated with VPA. Conclusions: It looks like that patients treated with both drugs for our suggested time may increase leptin and adiponectin levels. Correlation differences between leptin and adiponectin, and metabolic syndrome components may be important parameters in women, men, normal weight, and obese BD patients. Monitoring of body composition and adipokines may benefit in medical care of these patients.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the influences of various doses of peppermint oi... more Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the influences of various doses of peppermint oil on the hepatic en-zymes, alanine transaminase, apartate tranaminase, alkaline phosphotase and gamma glutamyl transferase and the level of malondialdehyde in the serum of mice with and without immobility stress. The mice exposed to drink water, 0.9, 27 and 60 mg/kg peppermint oil from the days 1 to 5 for a period of 4 h before and after immobility stress. Serum MDA in-creased in treatment group II, III and IV after immobility stress. There was a significant decrease in ALT in treatment group III and IV after immobility stress. There were also significant decreases in ALP and GGT in treatment group IV af-ter immobility stress. This result may suggest that, MDA level is higher in immobilization stress group than in the un-immobilized animals in serum and this results show that enzyme activities decreased after immobilization stress.
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium... more Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. The present study aimed to assess the metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on hundred postmenopausal women who were referred to the health centers in Gorgan. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Results. The mean body mass index, waist circumference, hip, circumference waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly high among postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, but the mean HDL-cholesterol was significantly
1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersi... more 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey. 2 Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. 3 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran.
Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in several countries. The main aim of t... more Objectives: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in several countries. The main aim of this study was to find and describe province-specific estimates of incidence in males and females by age groups for thyroid cancer. Methodology: The data used in this study were collected from a cancer registry that was established by Health Deputy of Golestan province for a period of one year (2004), in different age groups. Thyroid cancer data was identified and collected through the eighteen Pathology Laboratory centers (where males and female populations is referred) in Golestan province. Results: A total of 348 females and 409 males cases with cancer representing all sites were identified during the study period. It included seventeen females and five male thyroid cancer patients. In female’s thyroid cancer, there were twelve papillary carcinoma (70.6%), two medullary carcinoma, one carcinoma anaplastic and one carcinoma (5.9%). In male’s, there were two papillary carcinoma (40%) and...
Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age- and gender-related serum... more Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the age- and gender-related serum level of interleukin 18 (IL18) in male and female Iranian Fars ethnic group with metabolic syndrome components. Methods: The study included 226 native Iranian Fars ethnic groups. One hundred sixteen females and 110 men were selected. There were 60 females and 50 males with metabolic syndrome and 56 females and 60 males without metabolic syndrome. The serum fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profiles, and IL18 were measured. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult treatment Panel III criteria were used to determine metabolic syndrome components. Results: There were significant differences between the males and females [except high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] with and without metabolic syndrome for the mean body mass index, FBS, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), and IL18 levels in all age groups. Serum IL18 was the highest in males and females in age groups 61-70 and 41-50 years with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Serum IL18 levels significantly correlated with TG and waist WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) and females with the metabolic syndrome. There were significant correlations between IL18 and TG and WC in males (and also correlated with HDL) in ages 61-70 years and females in ages 41-50 years with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The increased IL18 level in both gender and different ages may have an important role in the alteration of some metabolic syndrome components. These alterations may be made to happen in different related metabolic diseases. IL18 seems to be a useful biomarker for the management of metabolic syndrome components and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
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