A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain... more A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Watermark sensors in drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea var. italica). The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). For evaluating the performance of different soil moisture sensors, the sensors’ readings were taken from the plot on a daily basis and these readings were compared with gravimetric methods (standard). It was observed that the calibration of two sensors (FDR and Watermark) give a similar calibration equation with lowRMSE after field calibration. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) for FDR was observed 0.85, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.86 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth whereas, the value of coefficient of determination (R2) for Watermark sensor was observed as 0.76, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.85 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth, respectively. The Watermark sensor curves observed less sensitive at low soil water tension, whereas FDR sensors performed better in wet as well as dry conditions. That field calibration of soil moisture sensors is a prerequisite to measure soil moisture content in the soil.
Division of Land and Water Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, Pa... more Division of Land and Water Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, Patna, Bihar, India *Corresponding author email : aupadhyaya66@gmail.com Knowledge about the maximum possible storage of rainwater in the field and its safe disposal is very important to save crops from the adverse impact of excess rainfall. Keeping this in view, daily rainfall data of 30 to 35 years as per availability was analyzed at four centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Water Management i.e. (i) Samastipur (ii) Ludhiana, (iii) Hisar, and (iv) Almora. In the design of agricultural structures, generally, 10 years return period is considered, so the point, where tangent drawn on the curves of 10 years return period crosses the Y-axis, gives maximum possible storage (recommended bund height) in rice fields. Maximum possible storage (bund height) corresponding to 10 years return period was found as 25 cm, 15 cm, 13 cm, and 27.5 cm and corresponding drainage coefficient as...
An attempt has been made to analyze the LULC change pattern of Nagpur over the past decade (2010-... more An attempt has been made to analyze the LULC change pattern of Nagpur over the past decade (2010-2020) using remote sensing and GIS. In this study, the LULC map for selected years was prepared by supervised classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm from Landsat data, and accuracy assessment by confusion matrix. The results showed that there were major changes in built-up areas (17.37% expansion) and barren land (19.32% deduction). However, water bodies and forest cover decreased slightly by 0.17% and 0.76%, respectively. Overall, the acreage used for agriculture increased by 2.88% and seems to have been replaced by barren / forest areas. Overall, the LULC change detection algorithms used for classification was very effective with an overall accuracy of 78.88 and 73.30% and a kappa coefficient of 0.74 and 0.67, respectively for 2010 and 2020, considered substantial. Overall, Nagpur's land cover changes constantly due to overcrowding; water and forest bodies are adversel...
Not AvailableLand and water are two important finite natural resources, which due to haphazard an... more Not AvailableLand and water are two important finite natural resources, which due to haphazard and unscrupulous exploitation are diminishing at a faster pace. In present scenario, prediction of climate change plays a key role in adverse weather monitoring to maintain the current global food and water security. India consists of 2.4% of world land resources, 4% of water resources but 16% of world population and contributes 8% of global GDP. Therefore, due to increasing population, land and water resources are under enormous pressure which emphasis on sustainable use of natural resources. There is a need of inculcation of advanced technology like sensor based precision irrigation, geospatial techniques and ground water exploration, assessment and modelling approaches to overcome the crisis of natural resources. Sensor based irrigation helps in rationale of irrigation scheduling, geospatial techniques in the monitoring of natural resources and exploration and modelling approaches of groundwater resources to overcome rapid depletion and contamination of ground water. Therefore, keeping in view of recent advancement, the present study was undertaken on “Research and Technology status: Emerging opportunities in land and water management”.ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Managemen
Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual crop evap... more Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa). However, these technologies are costly, laborious, and require skills which make in situ ET estimation difficult, particularly in developing countries. With this in mind, an attempt was made to determine ETa and stagewise crop coefficient (Kc) values of transplanted puddled rice using a modified non-weighing paddy lysimeter. The results were compared to indirect methods, viz., FAO Penman–Monteith and pan evaporation. Daily ETa ranged from 1.9 to 8.2 mmday−1, with a mean of 4.02 ± 1.35 mmday−1, and their comparison showed that the FAO Penman–Monteith equation performed well for the coefficient of determination (R2 of 0.63), root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.80), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 13.6 %), and was highly correlated with ETa throughout the crop season. However, the pan evaporation approach was underestimated (R2 of 0.24; RMSE = 0.98; MAPE = 22....
A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain... more A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Watermark sensors in drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea var. italica). The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). For evaluating the performance of different soil moisture sensors, the sensors’ readings were taken from the plot on a daily basis and these readings were compared with gravimetric methods (standard). It was observed that the calibration of two sensors (FDR and Watermark) give a similar calibration equation with lowRMSE after field calibration. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) for FDR was observed 0.85, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.86 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth whereas, the value of coefficient of determination (R2) for Watermark sensor was observed ...
Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultu... more Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development are causing increased pressure on global water resources. Agriculture is the largest consumer of fresh water resources, thus the scope of enhancing water productivity in agriculture is taken to be the priority area of research. The right amount and frequency of irrigation is essential for optimum use of limited water resources for crop production as well as management. A field experiment with split plot design was carried out during November to February 2015-16 at PFDC (Precision Farming Development Centre), Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of different irrigation levels and frequencies on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation. The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with different irrigation levels of 100, 80 and 60 % of cro...
A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain... more A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Watermark sensors in drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea var. italica). The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). For evaluating the performance of different soil moisture sensors, the sensors’ readings were taken from the plot on a daily basis and these readings were compared with gravimetric methods (standard). It was observed that the calibration of two sensors (FDR and Watermark) give a similar calibration equation with lowRMSE after field calibration. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) for FDR was observed 0.85, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.86 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth whereas, the value of coefficient of determination (R2) for Watermark sensor was observed as 0.76, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.85 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth, respectively. The Watermark sensor curves observed less sensitive at low soil water tension, whereas FDR sensors performed better in wet as well as dry conditions. That field calibration of soil moisture sensors is a prerequisite to measure soil moisture content in the soil.
Division of Land and Water Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, Pa... more Division of Land and Water Management, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, ICAR Parisar, Patna, Bihar, India *Corresponding author email : aupadhyaya66@gmail.com Knowledge about the maximum possible storage of rainwater in the field and its safe disposal is very important to save crops from the adverse impact of excess rainfall. Keeping this in view, daily rainfall data of 30 to 35 years as per availability was analyzed at four centres of All India Coordinated Research Project on Water Management i.e. (i) Samastipur (ii) Ludhiana, (iii) Hisar, and (iv) Almora. In the design of agricultural structures, generally, 10 years return period is considered, so the point, where tangent drawn on the curves of 10 years return period crosses the Y-axis, gives maximum possible storage (recommended bund height) in rice fields. Maximum possible storage (bund height) corresponding to 10 years return period was found as 25 cm, 15 cm, 13 cm, and 27.5 cm and corresponding drainage coefficient as...
An attempt has been made to analyze the LULC change pattern of Nagpur over the past decade (2010-... more An attempt has been made to analyze the LULC change pattern of Nagpur over the past decade (2010-2020) using remote sensing and GIS. In this study, the LULC map for selected years was prepared by supervised classification using a maximum likelihood algorithm from Landsat data, and accuracy assessment by confusion matrix. The results showed that there were major changes in built-up areas (17.37% expansion) and barren land (19.32% deduction). However, water bodies and forest cover decreased slightly by 0.17% and 0.76%, respectively. Overall, the acreage used for agriculture increased by 2.88% and seems to have been replaced by barren / forest areas. Overall, the LULC change detection algorithms used for classification was very effective with an overall accuracy of 78.88 and 73.30% and a kappa coefficient of 0.74 and 0.67, respectively for 2010 and 2020, considered substantial. Overall, Nagpur's land cover changes constantly due to overcrowding; water and forest bodies are adversel...
Not AvailableLand and water are two important finite natural resources, which due to haphazard an... more Not AvailableLand and water are two important finite natural resources, which due to haphazard and unscrupulous exploitation are diminishing at a faster pace. In present scenario, prediction of climate change plays a key role in adverse weather monitoring to maintain the current global food and water security. India consists of 2.4% of world land resources, 4% of water resources but 16% of world population and contributes 8% of global GDP. Therefore, due to increasing population, land and water resources are under enormous pressure which emphasis on sustainable use of natural resources. There is a need of inculcation of advanced technology like sensor based precision irrigation, geospatial techniques and ground water exploration, assessment and modelling approaches to overcome the crisis of natural resources. Sensor based irrigation helps in rationale of irrigation scheduling, geospatial techniques in the monitoring of natural resources and exploration and modelling approaches of groundwater resources to overcome rapid depletion and contamination of ground water. Therefore, keeping in view of recent advancement, the present study was undertaken on “Research and Technology status: Emerging opportunities in land and water management”.ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Managemen
Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual crop evap... more Lysimetric and eddy covariance techniques are commonly used to directly estimate actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa). However, these technologies are costly, laborious, and require skills which make in situ ET estimation difficult, particularly in developing countries. With this in mind, an attempt was made to determine ETa and stagewise crop coefficient (Kc) values of transplanted puddled rice using a modified non-weighing paddy lysimeter. The results were compared to indirect methods, viz., FAO Penman–Monteith and pan evaporation. Daily ETa ranged from 1.9 to 8.2 mmday−1, with a mean of 4.02 ± 1.35 mmday−1, and their comparison showed that the FAO Penman–Monteith equation performed well for the coefficient of determination (R2 of 0.63), root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.80), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE = 13.6 %), and was highly correlated with ETa throughout the crop season. However, the pan evaporation approach was underestimated (R2 of 0.24; RMSE = 0.98; MAPE = 22....
A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain... more A field experiment with spilt plot design was carried out for standardization of Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Watermark sensors in drip irrigated broccoli(Brassica oleracea var. italica). The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). For evaluating the performance of different soil moisture sensors, the sensors’ readings were taken from the plot on a daily basis and these readings were compared with gravimetric methods (standard). It was observed that the calibration of two sensors (FDR and Watermark) give a similar calibration equation with lowRMSE after field calibration. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) for FDR was observed 0.85, 0.86, 0.89 and 0.86 for 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth whereas, the value of coefficient of determination (R2) for Watermark sensor was observed ...
Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultu... more Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development are causing increased pressure on global water resources. Agriculture is the largest consumer of fresh water resources, thus the scope of enhancing water productivity in agriculture is taken to be the priority area of research. The right amount and frequency of irrigation is essential for optimum use of limited water resources for crop production as well as management. A field experiment with split plot design was carried out during November to February 2015-16 at PFDC (Precision Farming Development Centre), Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of different irrigation levels and frequencies on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation. The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with different irrigation levels of 100, 80 and 60 % of cro...
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Journal of AgriSearch vol 6 (4) by arti kumari
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