Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Agricultural technology with a hydroponic system provides an alternative for farmers and communit... more Agricultural technology with a hydroponic system provides an alternative for farmers and communities who have limited land. This research aims to make innovations with a hydroponic monitoring system that can be done remotely via the internet that combines 2 systems, namely horizontal technique and nutrient film technique (NFT). The sample used in this study was curly mustard seeds. To combine the 2 systems, researchers designed a hydroponic prototype system using internet of things (IoT) in the form of smart hydroponics in the Blynk application. This research uses literature studies for research reference and flowcharts to regulate the flow of the program to be researched. The results showed that by using the IoT and the Blynk application, owners can monitor the nutrient content and pH of curly mustard greens remotely. The system automatically controls nutrients and pH according to the desired settings. In the growth control system of mustard curly, the use of smart hydroponics is proven to be better. Harvestable plants at the age of 34 days. Unlike the conventional system, the harvest period is at the age of 40–45 days. Therefore, smart hydroponics is more efficient because it shortens the harvesting time and saves labor.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In this paper, a new hybrid optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization and grey ... more In this paper, a new hybrid optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimizer (PSO-GWO) based proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is suggested for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system terminal tracking problem. The main objective of the suggested approach is to reduce crucial performance factors such as rise time, settling time, peak overshoot and peak time of the voltage of the power system in order to improve the AVR system's transient response. This analysis was compared to results obtained from existing heuristic algorithmbased approaches found in the literature, proving the improved PID controller's enhanced performance obtained through the suggested approach. Furthermore, the performance of the tuned controller with respect to disturbance rejection and its robustness to parametric uncertainties were evaluated separately and compared with existing control approaches. According to the obtained comparison results and from all simulations, using MATLAB-Simulink tool, it has been noted that the PID controller optimized using PSO-GWO algorithm has superior control performance compared to PID controllers tuned by ABC, DE, BBO and PSO algorithms. The main conclusion of the presented study highlights that the recommended strategy can be effectively implemented to improve the performance of the AVR system.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Wireless power transfer (WPT) system is gaining prominence for charging various applications, inc... more Wireless power transfer (WPT) system is gaining prominence for charging various applications, including electric vehicles, biomedical implants, smartphones, and network sensors. Efficient compensation networks are essential to minimize leakage inductance. The performances of singleelement compensation topologies are compared based on different coupling and loading conditions, revealing that series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) topologies exhibit lower peak efficiencies of 85% and 90%, respectively, than parallel-series (PS) and parallel-parallel (PP) topologies, having 99% and 98.5% peak efficiency, respectively; with efficiencies deteriorating under different loading and coupling conditions. To address these shortcomings, a hybrid inductor-capacitor capacitor (LC-S) compensation topology is proposed, outperforming the single element topologies and maintaining over 95% efficiency under varying loading and coupling conditions. A slight efficiency drop to 82% due to frequency splitting was observed with low load resistance. In terms of the output characteristics, the LC-S topology achieved 1.2 W. These results showcase the potential of the LC-S topology for enhancing WPT system efficiency.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Silicone rubber (SiR) has become a reliable choice for outdoor high voltage (HV) insulation in re... more Silicone rubber (SiR) has become a reliable choice for outdoor high voltage (HV) insulation in recent years. However, the durability of these polymeric materials is affected by both electrical and environmental stresses, leading to aging. While prior research aimed at enhancing performance, little focus was placed on identifying the major root causes of aging in these insulators. To delve into the causes, we conducted inclined plane tracking (IPT) tests, varying voltage, flow rate, and contamination concentration. Samples with consistent alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler content were tested under the BSEN 60587 standard. The voltage ranged from 3.5-5.5 kV, flow rate from 0.3-0.9 ml/min, and contamination concentration from 500-4500 µS/cm. A Two-Level Factorial analysis with a design of experiment (DOE) approach was used. The study revealed that contaminant concentration significantly impacted leakage current (LC), followed by contamination flow rate and voltage. Additionally, optimization techniques are used to determine ideal LC values under specific conditions. This study explains how each factor affects LC values, allowing for predictive modelling, which improves our understanding of SiR insulators' durability, optimizes LC in real-world situations, and improves their performance and lifespan.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This paper presents the experimental findings on the effects of antioxidants on the corrosion of ... more This paper presents the experimental findings on the effects of antioxidants on the corrosion of copper strips immersed in mineral oil (MO)–antioxidant samples. First, the uninhibited MO was mixed thoroughly with dibenzyl disulphide (DBDS) or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC) at different concentrations (5, 15, 25, 50, and 200 mg/kg) using a hot plate magnetic stirrer set at a temperature of 73 °C and stirring speed of 750 rpm for 15 min. Following this, the MO–antioxidant samples were poured into separate test vessels and copper strips were added into the vessels. Next, each MO– antioxidant sample was blanketed with nitrogen gas, sealed, and placed in a forced convection laboratory oven. The MO–antioxidant samples were then thermally aged at 150 °C for 48 h. The results showed that the acidity of the MO–antioxidant sample decreased with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, regardless whether the antioxidant was DBDS or DBPC. However, the corrosion of the copper strip worsened with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, where DBDS had a higher relative degree of corrositivity to copper compared with DBPC. In addition, the results showed that a DBPC concentration of 25 mg/kg reduced the the acidity of the MO– antioxidant sample and resulted in a moderate tarnish of the copper strip.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In addition to the soil resistivity and size of the grounding system, grounding system configurat... more In addition to the soil resistivity and size of the grounding system, grounding system configuration can influence the steady-state resistance (RDC) of a grounding system. The RDC of four to six configurations in three distinct soil conditions (sites 1 to 3) is measured using the fall-of-potential method and computed using the current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding, and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) simulation. The RDC value generally decreases as size increases, i.e., when more rods or tapes are added, except for a little variation subject to the electrode arrangement and soil resistivity. The 3 and 4-parallel configurations perform better on low resistivity soil (site 1), while the grid configurations (2×2- and 3-rod grids) are better on high resistivity soil (site 2). The difference between the measured and computed values at high soil resistivity sites (sites 2 and 3) is large, ranging from 18% to 66% for site 2 and from 35% to 53% for site 3. The difference is lower and more consistent at site 1, where five out of six configurations achieve less than 10%. At all sites, the difference between computed and measured RDCs generally decreases as the area of the electrode increases, except for some cases at site 2.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In Bangladesh's distant regions, where dependable access to energy supplies is still an issue, ef... more In Bangladesh's distant regions, where dependable access to energy supplies is still an issue, effective energy consumption forecasting is essential for tackling the country's energy problems. In order to anticipate energy consumption in these neglected areas effectively, this study suggests a novel method that combines inverse matrix method (IMM) with linear regression method (LRM). The model produces accurate estimates by using historical data on energy use and relevant factors, such as weather patterns, population dynamics, economic indicators, and seasonal trends. A case study focusing on distant areas in Bangladesh shows how the proposed technique might be applied. The outcomes indicate how well the method captures the complex patterns of energy demand and how it may be used to guide sustainable energy management plans in these outlying regions. This study advances energy planning and resource allocation in areas with a limited supply of energy, paving the way for increased development and efficiency of the energy sector. Any rural or remote area in the globe can use these strategies to predict their short-term power consumption.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Grounding enhancement material (GEM) is used to lower the earthing resistance value of a given ea... more Grounding enhancement material (GEM) is used to lower the earthing resistance value of a given earthing system. In this paper, a commercially available GEM is experimented at the field alongside with Sodium Chloride, Copper II Sulphate and planting soil. The well established Wenner’s 4 pole method and fall of potential method was employed to measure the soil resistivity and earthing resistance respectively. It was found that the salts i.e., Sodium Chloride and Copper II Sulphate are superior in reducing the earthing resistance as reduction of more than 85% were observed. However, the commercial GEM has exhibited the most stable earthing resistance value over a period of 101 days, exhibiting the lowest standard deviation. This seems to suggest that the commercial GEM has superior moisture retention capability. This study also proven that Sodium Chloride can be dissolved by heavy downpour and replenishing it periodically is needed in a tropical country like Malaysia with regular thunderstorms and heavy downpours.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This paper presents a sustainable electric vehicle (EV) charging system that operates in three mo... more This paper presents a sustainable electric vehicle (EV) charging system that operates in three modes of operation to maximize the yield of photovoltaic (PV) system. The design and analysis of the EV charging system is customized based on the operational or office hours of a corporation. The proposed system incorporates a battery pack capable of providing at least one day of autonomy to overcome the weather conditions during early morning, shading times, or cloudy days. In this study, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is modified and used to operate the PV system at maximum power point (MPP) when charging either the EV or the storage battery. The load current, in both cases, is regulated using proportional integral (PI) controllers and pulse width modulation (PWM) switching of DC-DC converter. The proposed system operation is switched between three modes (boost operation for direct charging of EV and discharging of storage battery, and buck operation for charging of storage battery) by a simple event-driven finite state machine (FSM). Simulation results showed excellent tracking behavior of the proposed system when supplying a 5 kW load with variation in solar irradiance between 1000 and 400 W/m2 , battery state of charge (SOC) between 40% and 100%, and temperature between 15 to 39 ℃.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In the power industry, advanced techniques have furthered the development of the smart grid's pow... more In the power industry, advanced techniques have furthered the development of the smart grid's power system and management. The world's third-largest country is India, which has a producer and consumer of electricity, is struggling with different power-related problems, as well as distribution losses, transmission, environmental concerns, and electricity theft. The energy sector is investigating innovative technologies to enhance grid efficiency, security, and sustainability to address power-related issues. Recently, smart grid technology has ascribed significance to the energy scenario; the term "smart grid" relates to electric electricity. The study aims to thoroughly evaluate how smart grid technologies might improve the reliability and efficiency of India's electrical system. This article examines the impact of smart grid technologies on national grids and makes some proposals to authorities for switching their traditional grid system to a smart grid system. The results indicate the yearly wind profile, comparative analysis of energy consumption, and cost analysis of the system. Smart grid integration is strengthened by the useful insights provided by the annual wind profile study, which reveals the region's renewable energy potential. Analysis of costs and energy consumption patterns show that switching to a smart grid system is financially feasible in the long term, and studies of impacts on utilization of resources show that it is beneficial.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
The public cloud environment has emerged as a promising platform for executing scientific workflo... more The public cloud environment has emerged as a promising platform for executing scientific workflows. These executions involve leasing virtual machines (VMs) from public services for the duration of the workflow. The structure of the workflows significantly impacts the performance of any proposed scheduling approach. A task within a workflow cannot begin its execution before receiving all the required data from its preceding tasks. In this paper, we introduce a multi-priority scheduling approach for executing workflow tasks in the cloud. The key component of the proposed approach is a mechanism that logically orders and groups workflow tasks based on their data dependencies and locality. Using the proposed approach, the number of available VMs influences the number of groups (partitions) obtained. Based on the locality of each group’s tasks, the priority of each group is determined to reduce the overall execution delay and improve VM utilization. As the results demonstrate, the proposed approach achieves a significant reduction in both execution costs and time in most scenarios.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
There is a gap in defining the multi-criteria decision-making issues and with recommendation tech... more There is a gap in defining the multi-criteria decision-making issues and with recommendation techniques and theories that can help develop the modulation coefficient recommenders. The main objective of this research is to identify an in-depth examination of the category of multiple variables recommendation systems. The methodology that is used in the current study is fuzzy multi-critical decision-making to enhance the precision and appropriateness of the recommendations provided to users, and make recommendations by representing an individual's performance for the product as an ordered collection of rankings in addition to different parameters. The techniques used to make forecasts and produce recommendations using multi-criteria rankings are reviewed. In addition, we propose the multiple-criteria ranking algorithms. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our proposed algorithms can solve the multi-criteria issues. Furthermore, the research considers unresolved problems and upcoming difficulties for the category of recommendations for multiple variables ratings.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In order to reduce voltage distortion and supraharmonic (SH) emission in microgrid (MG) systems w... more In order to reduce voltage distortion and supraharmonic (SH) emission in microgrid (MG) systems with electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, this research compares several harmonic elimination approaches. The increasing deployment of EVs has led to the integration of EV charging stations within MG systems, presents challenges in maintaining a high power quality (PQ). Voltage distortions and SH emissions are caused due to non-linear loads and the intermittent nature of EV charging, which have an effect on the performance and dependability of the MG. In order to solve these problems, multilevel converters (MLCs) are used to produce high-quality waveforms. MLCs use harmonic elimination methods to cut down on SH emissions, which improves the PQ overall. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM), selective harmonic elimination (SHE), space vector modulation (SVM), and random-PWM (RPWM) techniques are among the harmonic elimination methods compared and analyzed. The results will enable the selection of the most appropriate strategy for minimizing voltage distortion and SH emission in MG systems, while providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of each method.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most common and essential technologies in this modern ... more Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most common and essential technologies in this modern era, especially in the education and research sectors. It mimics machine-processed human intellect. In modern times, ChatGPT is one of the most effective and beneficial tools developed by OpenAI. Provides prompt answers and feedback to help academics and researchers. Using ChatGPT has various advantages, including improving methods of instruction, preparing interactive lessons, assessment, and advanced problem-solving. Threats against ChatGPT, however, include diminishing creativity, and analytical thinking. Additionally, students would adopt unfair procedures when submitting any tests or assignments online, which would increase their dependency on AI systems rather than thinking analytically. In this study, we have demonstrated arguments on both sides of AI technology. We believe that our study would provide a depth of knowledge and more informed discussion. Data is collected via an offline platform and then machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbour (K-NN), support vector machine (SVM), naive bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) are used to analyze the data which helps to improve teaching and learning techniques where SVM shows best performance. The results of the study would offer several significant learning and research directions as well as ensure safe and responsible adoption.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Several voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been developed to assess the potential for voltage ... more Several voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been developed to assess the potential for voltage collapse. However, certain indexes are computationally costly. Meanwhile, some have been noted to underperform across various conditions. This work proposes a novel line index called the super voltage stability index (SVSI) to calculate the system's voltage stability margin (VSM). The suggested approach is based on the transmission system's two bus systems. The reactive power loss and N-1 contingency conditions to voltage sensitivity is a unique calculation approach used in this study to identify voltage instability. Day to day, the demand for electric power is being increased due to incessant increments in technology and population growth. Therefore, the power system networks are under pressure. The operational conditions of transmission system networks are affected at this point, which may result in voltage collapse. Regular monitoring of power supply is essential to avert voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the suggested index has been assessed using the IEEE 5 and 30-bus systems across diverse operating scenarios, including variations in active and reactive power loading as well as single line losses. The findings indicate that SVSI provides a more reliable indication of the proximity to voltage collapse when compared to conventional line VSIs.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This study addresses the optimization of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, focusing on enh... more This study addresses the optimization of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, focusing on enhancing performance and grid integration through a comprehensive simulation approach. By employing advanced simulation tools in Simulink ® and MATLAB ® , alongside electrical installation planning with SIMARIS ® , we meticulously analyze the charging process, infrastructure requirements, and their implications on the power grid. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in charging station efficiency and reliability, highlighting the effectiveness of our proposed control strategies and harmonic mitigation techniques. Notably, the integration of renewable energy sources emerges as a pivotal factor in reducing operational costs and carbon emissions, furthering the sustainability of EV charging solutions. The research delineates the environmental benefits, emphasizing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhancement of urban air quality, pivotal in the global shift towards cleaner transportation modes. This work contributes valuable insights into the design and grid integration of EV charging stations, offering a scalable model for future infrastructure development. It serves as a critical resource for engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the realm of electric mobility, advocating for a strategic transition to EVs supported by robust and efficient charging infrastructure. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
There is a growing concern that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infe... more There is a growing concern that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections will continue to rise, and there is now no safe and effective vaccination available to prevent a pandemic. This has increased the need for rapid, sensitive, and highly selective diagnostic techniques for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) detection to levels never seen before. Researchers are now looking at other biosensing techniques that may be able to detect the COVID-19 infection and stop its spread. According to high sensitivity, and selectivity that could provide real-time results at a reasonable cost, nanomaterial show great promise for quick coronavirus detection. In order to better comprehend the rapid course of the infection and administer more effective treatments, these diagnostic methods can be used for widespread COVID-19 identification. This article summarises the current state of research into nanomaterial-based biosensors for quick SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis as well as the prospects for future advancement in this field. This research will be very useful during the COVID-19 epidemic in terms of establishing rules for designing nanostructure materials to deal with the outbreak. In order to predict the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we investigate the advantages of using nano-structure material and its biosensing applications.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
The increasing use of the internet for health information brings challenges due to the complexity... more The increasing use of the internet for health information brings challenges due to the complexity and abundance of data, leading to information overload. This highlights the necessity of implementing recommender systems (RSs) within the healthcare domain, with the aim of facilitating more effective and precise healthcare-related decisions for both healthcare providers and users. Health recommendation systems can suggest suitable healthcare items or services based on users' health conditions and needs, including medications, diagnoses, hospitals, doctors, and healthcare services. Despite their potential benefits, RSs encounter significant limitations, including data sparsity, which can lead to recommendations that are unreliable and misleading. Considering the increasing significance of health recommendation systems and the challenge of sparse data, we propose an effective approach to improve precision and coverage in recommending healthcare items or services. This aims to assist users and healthcare practitioners in making informed decisions tailored to their unique needs and health conditions. Empirical testing on two healthcare rating datasets, including sparse datasets, illustrate that our proposed approach outperforms baseline recommendation methods. It excels in improving both the precision and coverage of health-related recommendations, demonstrating effective handling of extremely sparse datasets.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Teaching and learning for autistic students during the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges for educ... more Teaching and learning for autistic students during the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges for educators. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to explore the effectiveness of virtual teaching and learning (VTL) by employing the reporting standards for systematic evidence syntheses (ROSES) framework. Articles from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically examined, focusing on themes such as support, coping strategies, teaching methods, flexibility, and communication. The review identified 14 sub-themes within these categories, providing tailored coping and teaching strategies for parents, teachers, and caregivers working with autistic students. From 706 initially identified articles, 376 were selected, with 17 specifically relevant to virtual teaching for autistic students during the pandemic. These findings contribute insights to the existing literature and offer practical implications to enhance VTL experiences for autistic students facing pandemic challenges.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Vendor selection techniques are very important to maintain supply chain services, optimal service... more Vendor selection techniques are very important to maintain supply chain services, optimal service creates strong consistency in maintaining the continuity of supply chain business processes. The aim of this research is to provide an objective and consistent understanding of the best techniques in vendor selection which are implemented openly through the collaboration of multi-criteria decision making-analytic hierarchy process (MCDM-AHP) and ELECTRE. Empirical studies show how this approach is able to provide optimal decision-making support for the vendor selection process. Eight criteria are required which have contradictory meanings in their apps. These criteria include quality of goods (QG), payment methods (PMs), payment terms (PTs), minimum transactions (MTs), discounts (DS), delivery times (DTs), inventory (IN), and service (SV). The comparison importance value of the criteria is used as a measure of weighting the criteria through two testing approaches, namely mathematical algebra matrices and expert choice apps, through accurately assessing the optimal eigenvector from the two test approaches. Decision making support was carried out by comparison using 342 preference matrices which were developed into concordance and discordance matrices, the elimination process with threshold matrices found that the ranking results of four vendors were ranked first as worthy of being a selection priority and fifteen other vendors were ranked below.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Agricultural technology with a hydroponic system provides an alternative for farmers and communit... more Agricultural technology with a hydroponic system provides an alternative for farmers and communities who have limited land. This research aims to make innovations with a hydroponic monitoring system that can be done remotely via the internet that combines 2 systems, namely horizontal technique and nutrient film technique (NFT). The sample used in this study was curly mustard seeds. To combine the 2 systems, researchers designed a hydroponic prototype system using internet of things (IoT) in the form of smart hydroponics in the Blynk application. This research uses literature studies for research reference and flowcharts to regulate the flow of the program to be researched. The results showed that by using the IoT and the Blynk application, owners can monitor the nutrient content and pH of curly mustard greens remotely. The system automatically controls nutrients and pH according to the desired settings. In the growth control system of mustard curly, the use of smart hydroponics is proven to be better. Harvestable plants at the age of 34 days. Unlike the conventional system, the harvest period is at the age of 40–45 days. Therefore, smart hydroponics is more efficient because it shortens the harvesting time and saves labor.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In this paper, a new hybrid optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization and grey ... more In this paper, a new hybrid optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization and grey wolf optimizer (PSO-GWO) based proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is suggested for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system terminal tracking problem. The main objective of the suggested approach is to reduce crucial performance factors such as rise time, settling time, peak overshoot and peak time of the voltage of the power system in order to improve the AVR system's transient response. This analysis was compared to results obtained from existing heuristic algorithmbased approaches found in the literature, proving the improved PID controller's enhanced performance obtained through the suggested approach. Furthermore, the performance of the tuned controller with respect to disturbance rejection and its robustness to parametric uncertainties were evaluated separately and compared with existing control approaches. According to the obtained comparison results and from all simulations, using MATLAB-Simulink tool, it has been noted that the PID controller optimized using PSO-GWO algorithm has superior control performance compared to PID controllers tuned by ABC, DE, BBO and PSO algorithms. The main conclusion of the presented study highlights that the recommended strategy can be effectively implemented to improve the performance of the AVR system.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Wireless power transfer (WPT) system is gaining prominence for charging various applications, inc... more Wireless power transfer (WPT) system is gaining prominence for charging various applications, including electric vehicles, biomedical implants, smartphones, and network sensors. Efficient compensation networks are essential to minimize leakage inductance. The performances of singleelement compensation topologies are compared based on different coupling and loading conditions, revealing that series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) topologies exhibit lower peak efficiencies of 85% and 90%, respectively, than parallel-series (PS) and parallel-parallel (PP) topologies, having 99% and 98.5% peak efficiency, respectively; with efficiencies deteriorating under different loading and coupling conditions. To address these shortcomings, a hybrid inductor-capacitor capacitor (LC-S) compensation topology is proposed, outperforming the single element topologies and maintaining over 95% efficiency under varying loading and coupling conditions. A slight efficiency drop to 82% due to frequency splitting was observed with low load resistance. In terms of the output characteristics, the LC-S topology achieved 1.2 W. These results showcase the potential of the LC-S topology for enhancing WPT system efficiency.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Silicone rubber (SiR) has become a reliable choice for outdoor high voltage (HV) insulation in re... more Silicone rubber (SiR) has become a reliable choice for outdoor high voltage (HV) insulation in recent years. However, the durability of these polymeric materials is affected by both electrical and environmental stresses, leading to aging. While prior research aimed at enhancing performance, little focus was placed on identifying the major root causes of aging in these insulators. To delve into the causes, we conducted inclined plane tracking (IPT) tests, varying voltage, flow rate, and contamination concentration. Samples with consistent alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler content were tested under the BSEN 60587 standard. The voltage ranged from 3.5-5.5 kV, flow rate from 0.3-0.9 ml/min, and contamination concentration from 500-4500 µS/cm. A Two-Level Factorial analysis with a design of experiment (DOE) approach was used. The study revealed that contaminant concentration significantly impacted leakage current (LC), followed by contamination flow rate and voltage. Additionally, optimization techniques are used to determine ideal LC values under specific conditions. This study explains how each factor affects LC values, allowing for predictive modelling, which improves our understanding of SiR insulators' durability, optimizes LC in real-world situations, and improves their performance and lifespan.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This paper presents the experimental findings on the effects of antioxidants on the corrosion of ... more This paper presents the experimental findings on the effects of antioxidants on the corrosion of copper strips immersed in mineral oil (MO)–antioxidant samples. First, the uninhibited MO was mixed thoroughly with dibenzyl disulphide (DBDS) or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC) at different concentrations (5, 15, 25, 50, and 200 mg/kg) using a hot plate magnetic stirrer set at a temperature of 73 °C and stirring speed of 750 rpm for 15 min. Following this, the MO–antioxidant samples were poured into separate test vessels and copper strips were added into the vessels. Next, each MO– antioxidant sample was blanketed with nitrogen gas, sealed, and placed in a forced convection laboratory oven. The MO–antioxidant samples were then thermally aged at 150 °C for 48 h. The results showed that the acidity of the MO–antioxidant sample decreased with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, regardless whether the antioxidant was DBDS or DBPC. However, the corrosion of the copper strip worsened with an increase in the antioxidant concentration, where DBDS had a higher relative degree of corrositivity to copper compared with DBPC. In addition, the results showed that a DBPC concentration of 25 mg/kg reduced the the acidity of the MO– antioxidant sample and resulted in a moderate tarnish of the copper strip.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In addition to the soil resistivity and size of the grounding system, grounding system configurat... more In addition to the soil resistivity and size of the grounding system, grounding system configuration can influence the steady-state resistance (RDC) of a grounding system. The RDC of four to six configurations in three distinct soil conditions (sites 1 to 3) is measured using the fall-of-potential method and computed using the current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding, and soil structure analysis (CDEGS) simulation. The RDC value generally decreases as size increases, i.e., when more rods or tapes are added, except for a little variation subject to the electrode arrangement and soil resistivity. The 3 and 4-parallel configurations perform better on low resistivity soil (site 1), while the grid configurations (2×2- and 3-rod grids) are better on high resistivity soil (site 2). The difference between the measured and computed values at high soil resistivity sites (sites 2 and 3) is large, ranging from 18% to 66% for site 2 and from 35% to 53% for site 3. The difference is lower and more consistent at site 1, where five out of six configurations achieve less than 10%. At all sites, the difference between computed and measured RDCs generally decreases as the area of the electrode increases, except for some cases at site 2.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In Bangladesh's distant regions, where dependable access to energy supplies is still an issue, ef... more In Bangladesh's distant regions, where dependable access to energy supplies is still an issue, effective energy consumption forecasting is essential for tackling the country's energy problems. In order to anticipate energy consumption in these neglected areas effectively, this study suggests a novel method that combines inverse matrix method (IMM) with linear regression method (LRM). The model produces accurate estimates by using historical data on energy use and relevant factors, such as weather patterns, population dynamics, economic indicators, and seasonal trends. A case study focusing on distant areas in Bangladesh shows how the proposed technique might be applied. The outcomes indicate how well the method captures the complex patterns of energy demand and how it may be used to guide sustainable energy management plans in these outlying regions. This study advances energy planning and resource allocation in areas with a limited supply of energy, paving the way for increased development and efficiency of the energy sector. Any rural or remote area in the globe can use these strategies to predict their short-term power consumption.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Grounding enhancement material (GEM) is used to lower the earthing resistance value of a given ea... more Grounding enhancement material (GEM) is used to lower the earthing resistance value of a given earthing system. In this paper, a commercially available GEM is experimented at the field alongside with Sodium Chloride, Copper II Sulphate and planting soil. The well established Wenner’s 4 pole method and fall of potential method was employed to measure the soil resistivity and earthing resistance respectively. It was found that the salts i.e., Sodium Chloride and Copper II Sulphate are superior in reducing the earthing resistance as reduction of more than 85% were observed. However, the commercial GEM has exhibited the most stable earthing resistance value over a period of 101 days, exhibiting the lowest standard deviation. This seems to suggest that the commercial GEM has superior moisture retention capability. This study also proven that Sodium Chloride can be dissolved by heavy downpour and replenishing it periodically is needed in a tropical country like Malaysia with regular thunderstorms and heavy downpours.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This paper presents a sustainable electric vehicle (EV) charging system that operates in three mo... more This paper presents a sustainable electric vehicle (EV) charging system that operates in three modes of operation to maximize the yield of photovoltaic (PV) system. The design and analysis of the EV charging system is customized based on the operational or office hours of a corporation. The proposed system incorporates a battery pack capable of providing at least one day of autonomy to overcome the weather conditions during early morning, shading times, or cloudy days. In this study, the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is modified and used to operate the PV system at maximum power point (MPP) when charging either the EV or the storage battery. The load current, in both cases, is regulated using proportional integral (PI) controllers and pulse width modulation (PWM) switching of DC-DC converter. The proposed system operation is switched between three modes (boost operation for direct charging of EV and discharging of storage battery, and buck operation for charging of storage battery) by a simple event-driven finite state machine (FSM). Simulation results showed excellent tracking behavior of the proposed system when supplying a 5 kW load with variation in solar irradiance between 1000 and 400 W/m2 , battery state of charge (SOC) between 40% and 100%, and temperature between 15 to 39 ℃.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In the power industry, advanced techniques have furthered the development of the smart grid's pow... more In the power industry, advanced techniques have furthered the development of the smart grid's power system and management. The world's third-largest country is India, which has a producer and consumer of electricity, is struggling with different power-related problems, as well as distribution losses, transmission, environmental concerns, and electricity theft. The energy sector is investigating innovative technologies to enhance grid efficiency, security, and sustainability to address power-related issues. Recently, smart grid technology has ascribed significance to the energy scenario; the term "smart grid" relates to electric electricity. The study aims to thoroughly evaluate how smart grid technologies might improve the reliability and efficiency of India's electrical system. This article examines the impact of smart grid technologies on national grids and makes some proposals to authorities for switching their traditional grid system to a smart grid system. The results indicate the yearly wind profile, comparative analysis of energy consumption, and cost analysis of the system. Smart grid integration is strengthened by the useful insights provided by the annual wind profile study, which reveals the region's renewable energy potential. Analysis of costs and energy consumption patterns show that switching to a smart grid system is financially feasible in the long term, and studies of impacts on utilization of resources show that it is beneficial.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
The public cloud environment has emerged as a promising platform for executing scientific workflo... more The public cloud environment has emerged as a promising platform for executing scientific workflows. These executions involve leasing virtual machines (VMs) from public services for the duration of the workflow. The structure of the workflows significantly impacts the performance of any proposed scheduling approach. A task within a workflow cannot begin its execution before receiving all the required data from its preceding tasks. In this paper, we introduce a multi-priority scheduling approach for executing workflow tasks in the cloud. The key component of the proposed approach is a mechanism that logically orders and groups workflow tasks based on their data dependencies and locality. Using the proposed approach, the number of available VMs influences the number of groups (partitions) obtained. Based on the locality of each group’s tasks, the priority of each group is determined to reduce the overall execution delay and improve VM utilization. As the results demonstrate, the proposed approach achieves a significant reduction in both execution costs and time in most scenarios.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
There is a gap in defining the multi-criteria decision-making issues and with recommendation tech... more There is a gap in defining the multi-criteria decision-making issues and with recommendation techniques and theories that can help develop the modulation coefficient recommenders. The main objective of this research is to identify an in-depth examination of the category of multiple variables recommendation systems. The methodology that is used in the current study is fuzzy multi-critical decision-making to enhance the precision and appropriateness of the recommendations provided to users, and make recommendations by representing an individual's performance for the product as an ordered collection of rankings in addition to different parameters. The techniques used to make forecasts and produce recommendations using multi-criteria rankings are reviewed. In addition, we propose the multiple-criteria ranking algorithms. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our proposed algorithms can solve the multi-criteria issues. Furthermore, the research considers unresolved problems and upcoming difficulties for the category of recommendations for multiple variables ratings.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
In order to reduce voltage distortion and supraharmonic (SH) emission in microgrid (MG) systems w... more In order to reduce voltage distortion and supraharmonic (SH) emission in microgrid (MG) systems with electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, this research compares several harmonic elimination approaches. The increasing deployment of EVs has led to the integration of EV charging stations within MG systems, presents challenges in maintaining a high power quality (PQ). Voltage distortions and SH emissions are caused due to non-linear loads and the intermittent nature of EV charging, which have an effect on the performance and dependability of the MG. In order to solve these problems, multilevel converters (MLCs) are used to produce high-quality waveforms. MLCs use harmonic elimination methods to cut down on SH emissions, which improves the PQ overall. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM), selective harmonic elimination (SHE), space vector modulation (SVM), and random-PWM (RPWM) techniques are among the harmonic elimination methods compared and analyzed. The results will enable the selection of the most appropriate strategy for minimizing voltage distortion and SH emission in MG systems, while providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of each method.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most common and essential technologies in this modern ... more Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most common and essential technologies in this modern era, especially in the education and research sectors. It mimics machine-processed human intellect. In modern times, ChatGPT is one of the most effective and beneficial tools developed by OpenAI. Provides prompt answers and feedback to help academics and researchers. Using ChatGPT has various advantages, including improving methods of instruction, preparing interactive lessons, assessment, and advanced problem-solving. Threats against ChatGPT, however, include diminishing creativity, and analytical thinking. Additionally, students would adopt unfair procedures when submitting any tests or assignments online, which would increase their dependency on AI systems rather than thinking analytically. In this study, we have demonstrated arguments on both sides of AI technology. We believe that our study would provide a depth of knowledge and more informed discussion. Data is collected via an offline platform and then machine learning algorithms such as K-nearest neighbour (K-NN), support vector machine (SVM), naive bayes (NB), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) are used to analyze the data which helps to improve teaching and learning techniques where SVM shows best performance. The results of the study would offer several significant learning and research directions as well as ensure safe and responsible adoption.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Several voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been developed to assess the potential for voltage ... more Several voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been developed to assess the potential for voltage collapse. However, certain indexes are computationally costly. Meanwhile, some have been noted to underperform across various conditions. This work proposes a novel line index called the super voltage stability index (SVSI) to calculate the system's voltage stability margin (VSM). The suggested approach is based on the transmission system's two bus systems. The reactive power loss and N-1 contingency conditions to voltage sensitivity is a unique calculation approach used in this study to identify voltage instability. Day to day, the demand for electric power is being increased due to incessant increments in technology and population growth. Therefore, the power system networks are under pressure. The operational conditions of transmission system networks are affected at this point, which may result in voltage collapse. Regular monitoring of power supply is essential to avert voltage collapse. The effectiveness of the suggested index has been assessed using the IEEE 5 and 30-bus systems across diverse operating scenarios, including variations in active and reactive power loading as well as single line losses. The findings indicate that SVSI provides a more reliable indication of the proximity to voltage collapse when compared to conventional line VSIs.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
This study addresses the optimization of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, focusing on enh... more This study addresses the optimization of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, focusing on enhancing performance and grid integration through a comprehensive simulation approach. By employing advanced simulation tools in Simulink ® and MATLAB ® , alongside electrical installation planning with SIMARIS ® , we meticulously analyze the charging process, infrastructure requirements, and their implications on the power grid. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in charging station efficiency and reliability, highlighting the effectiveness of our proposed control strategies and harmonic mitigation techniques. Notably, the integration of renewable energy sources emerges as a pivotal factor in reducing operational costs and carbon emissions, furthering the sustainability of EV charging solutions. The research delineates the environmental benefits, emphasizing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and enhancement of urban air quality, pivotal in the global shift towards cleaner transportation modes. This work contributes valuable insights into the design and grid integration of EV charging stations, offering a scalable model for future infrastructure development. It serves as a critical resource for engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the realm of electric mobility, advocating for a strategic transition to EVs supported by robust and efficient charging infrastructure. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
There is a growing concern that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infe... more There is a growing concern that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections will continue to rise, and there is now no safe and effective vaccination available to prevent a pandemic. This has increased the need for rapid, sensitive, and highly selective diagnostic techniques for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) detection to levels never seen before. Researchers are now looking at other biosensing techniques that may be able to detect the COVID-19 infection and stop its spread. According to high sensitivity, and selectivity that could provide real-time results at a reasonable cost, nanomaterial show great promise for quick coronavirus detection. In order to better comprehend the rapid course of the infection and administer more effective treatments, these diagnostic methods can be used for widespread COVID-19 identification. This article summarises the current state of research into nanomaterial-based biosensors for quick SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis as well as the prospects for future advancement in this field. This research will be very useful during the COVID-19 epidemic in terms of establishing rules for designing nanostructure materials to deal with the outbreak. In order to predict the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, we investigate the advantages of using nano-structure material and its biosensing applications.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
The increasing use of the internet for health information brings challenges due to the complexity... more The increasing use of the internet for health information brings challenges due to the complexity and abundance of data, leading to information overload. This highlights the necessity of implementing recommender systems (RSs) within the healthcare domain, with the aim of facilitating more effective and precise healthcare-related decisions for both healthcare providers and users. Health recommendation systems can suggest suitable healthcare items or services based on users' health conditions and needs, including medications, diagnoses, hospitals, doctors, and healthcare services. Despite their potential benefits, RSs encounter significant limitations, including data sparsity, which can lead to recommendations that are unreliable and misleading. Considering the increasing significance of health recommendation systems and the challenge of sparse data, we propose an effective approach to improve precision and coverage in recommending healthcare items or services. This aims to assist users and healthcare practitioners in making informed decisions tailored to their unique needs and health conditions. Empirical testing on two healthcare rating datasets, including sparse datasets, illustrate that our proposed approach outperforms baseline recommendation methods. It excels in improving both the precision and coverage of health-related recommendations, demonstrating effective handling of extremely sparse datasets.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Teaching and learning for autistic students during the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges for educ... more Teaching and learning for autistic students during the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges for educators. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to explore the effectiveness of virtual teaching and learning (VTL) by employing the reporting standards for systematic evidence syntheses (ROSES) framework. Articles from databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically examined, focusing on themes such as support, coping strategies, teaching methods, flexibility, and communication. The review identified 14 sub-themes within these categories, providing tailored coping and teaching strategies for parents, teachers, and caregivers working with autistic students. From 706 initially identified articles, 376 were selected, with 17 specifically relevant to virtual teaching for autistic students during the pandemic. These findings contribute insights to the existing literature and offer practical implications to enhance VTL experiences for autistic students facing pandemic challenges.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2024
Vendor selection techniques are very important to maintain supply chain services, optimal service... more Vendor selection techniques are very important to maintain supply chain services, optimal service creates strong consistency in maintaining the continuity of supply chain business processes. The aim of this research is to provide an objective and consistent understanding of the best techniques in vendor selection which are implemented openly through the collaboration of multi-criteria decision making-analytic hierarchy process (MCDM-AHP) and ELECTRE. Empirical studies show how this approach is able to provide optimal decision-making support for the vendor selection process. Eight criteria are required which have contradictory meanings in their apps. These criteria include quality of goods (QG), payment methods (PMs), payment terms (PTs), minimum transactions (MTs), discounts (DS), delivery times (DTs), inventory (IN), and service (SV). The comparison importance value of the criteria is used as a measure of weighting the criteria through two testing approaches, namely mathematical algebra matrices and expert choice apps, through accurately assessing the optimal eigenvector from the two test approaches. Decision making support was carried out by comparison using 342 preference matrices which were developed into concordance and discordance matrices, the elimination process with threshold matrices found that the ranking results of four vendors were ranked first as worthy of being a selection priority and fifteen other vendors were ranked below.
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