Background: With the advent of antiretroviral treatment, HIV related morbidity and mortality have... more Background: With the advent of antiretroviral treatment, HIV related morbidity and mortality have tremendously decreased. However, some HIV patients on ART don’t optimally respond to the ART regimen to restore the immunity. This study was aimed to determine the pattern of CD4+ T cell recovery and determinants of HIV infected individuals receiving the ART in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray northern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January, 2010 to August, July 2020 among HIV positive individuals on ART follow up. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire by trained data collector. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the possible predictors for immune reconstitution after ART administration. P-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total 424 study participants, 248(58%) were females. The mean age of t...
<p>Trends of median CD4<sup>+</sup> count at different periods of time of study... more <p>Trends of median CD4<sup>+</sup> count at different periods of time of study participants on first line ART at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.</p
Background To investigate the time to initial sputum culture conversion (SCC) and its predictors ... more Background To investigate the time to initial sputum culture conversion (SCC) and its predictors among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Hangzhou, China.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients initiating treatment for MDR-TB from 2011-2015 in Hangzhou, China. Time to initial SCC was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of SCC.Results Among 384 patients enrolled with MDR-TB, 359 (93.5%) successfully achieved initial SCC after a median of 85 days (inter-quartile range, 40-112 days). A higher rate of SCC was observed in participants with successful treatment outcomes than those with poor treatment outcomes (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age 25-64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9; P<0.01), age ≥65 years (AOR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.3-0.8; P<0.01) and household registration in Hangzhou (AOR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0-1.5; ...
<p>Virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART fr... more <p>Virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART from January 2008 to March 2016 at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (n = 30).</p
Background Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severely neglected disease affecting millions of peop... more Background Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severely neglected disease affecting millions of people with high mortality if left untreated. In Ethiopia, the primary laboratory diagnosis of VL is by using an antigen from a 39-amino acid sequence repeat of a kinesin-related (rK39) of leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). Different rk39 RDT brands are available with very variable performance and studies from Ethiopia showed a very wide range of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of rk39 RDT in Ethiopia. Method PUBMED, EMBASE, and other sources were searched using predefined search terms to retrieve all relevant articles from 2007 to 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting summary receiver operating curves (SROC), Spearman correlation coefficient (rs), Cochran Q test statistics, inconsistency square (I2) and subgroup analysis. Th...
<p>Immunological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART ... more <p>Immunological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART from January 2008 to March 2016 at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital(n = 17).</p
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Sta... more ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among janitors working at Mekelle University, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.ResultThe overall prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the present study were 17.97% (69/384) and 6.25% (24/384) respectively. Although not statistically significant, the prevalence of MRSA among janitors working in the medical area (9.7%, 10/103) was two times higher than the non-medical area (4.9%, 14/281). Janitors who had more service year and who were unable to read and write were found with high isolates of MRSA. Nasal carriage of MRSA among janitors who work in the hospital and who were hospitalized in the last 3Â months and those who had exposure to wastes and body fluids were 13 (37.1%) and 10 (38.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (67; 97%), doxycycline (56; 81%), erythromycin (54; 78%), chloramph...
Background The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) rK39 is currently being used for routine diagnosis of ... more Background The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) rK39 is currently being used for routine diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa. However, continuous monitoring of the performance of the assay, in particular its impact on the clinical decision in initiating anti-leishmanial treatment and outcomes remains needed as there are concerns about the diagnostic performance of this test. Methods VL patients prospectively enrolled in a diagnostic trial and with rK39 RDT were included. We evaluated the effect of rK39 testing in guiding treatment initiation and outcome. On the basis of rK39 RDT test result as well as clinical case definition for VL and microscopy examination, the clinicians decide whether to initiate VL therapy or not. Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with a decision to initiate VL therapy. In addition, treatment outcomes of those who received VL therapy were compared to those who received non-VL treatment. Results Of 324 VL suspects...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2019
Introduction: Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5... more Introduction: Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5,000 MDR-TB patients are reported each year. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF) resistant strains are resistant to isoniazid (INH) and hence the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of RIF resistant MTB among presumptive TB cases at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 384 presumptive TB cases were recruited and a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Sputum samples were collected and examined using X-pertMTB/RIF assay. Bivariate, multivariate logistic regressions, and fishers' exact analysis were done to assess the associations between the prevalence of TB and MDR-TB with different socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: In the present study, the overall prevalence of pulmonary TB was 24.5% (94/384), of this 4 (4.3%) isolates were resistant to R...
Background: With the advent of antiretroviral treatment, HIV related morbidity and mortality have... more Background: With the advent of antiretroviral treatment, HIV related morbidity and mortality have tremendously decreased. However, some HIV patients on ART don’t optimally respond to the ART regimen to restore the immunity. This study was aimed to determine the pattern of CD4+ T cell recovery and determinants of HIV infected individuals receiving the ART in Mekelle Hospital, Tigray northern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January, 2010 to August, July 2020 among HIV positive individuals on ART follow up. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire by trained data collector. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V. 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the possible predictors for immune reconstitution after ART administration. P-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the total 424 study participants, 248(58%) were females. The mean age of t...
<p>Trends of median CD4<sup>+</sup> count at different periods of time of study... more <p>Trends of median CD4<sup>+</sup> count at different periods of time of study participants on first line ART at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.</p
Background To investigate the time to initial sputum culture conversion (SCC) and its predictors ... more Background To investigate the time to initial sputum culture conversion (SCC) and its predictors among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Hangzhou, China.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients initiating treatment for MDR-TB from 2011-2015 in Hangzhou, China. Time to initial SCC was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of SCC.Results Among 384 patients enrolled with MDR-TB, 359 (93.5%) successfully achieved initial SCC after a median of 85 days (inter-quartile range, 40-112 days). A higher rate of SCC was observed in participants with successful treatment outcomes than those with poor treatment outcomes (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age 25-64 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9; P<0.01), age ≥65 years (AOR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.3-0.8; P<0.01) and household registration in Hangzhou (AOR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0-1.5; ...
<p>Virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART fr... more <p>Virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART from January 2008 to March 2016 at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (n = 30).</p
Background Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severely neglected disease affecting millions of peop... more Background Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severely neglected disease affecting millions of people with high mortality if left untreated. In Ethiopia, the primary laboratory diagnosis of VL is by using an antigen from a 39-amino acid sequence repeat of a kinesin-related (rK39) of leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). Different rk39 RDT brands are available with very variable performance and studies from Ethiopia showed a very wide range of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of rk39 RDT in Ethiopia. Method PUBMED, EMBASE, and other sources were searched using predefined search terms to retrieve all relevant articles from 2007 to 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting summary receiver operating curves (SROC), Spearman correlation coefficient (rs), Cochran Q test statistics, inconsistency square (I2) and subgroup analysis. Th...
<p>Immunological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART ... more <p>Immunological failure and associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals on ART from January 2008 to March 2016 at Mekelle hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital(n = 17).</p
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Sta... more ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among janitors working at Mekelle University, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.ResultThe overall prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the present study were 17.97% (69/384) and 6.25% (24/384) respectively. Although not statistically significant, the prevalence of MRSA among janitors working in the medical area (9.7%, 10/103) was two times higher than the non-medical area (4.9%, 14/281). Janitors who had more service year and who were unable to read and write were found with high isolates of MRSA. Nasal carriage of MRSA among janitors who work in the hospital and who were hospitalized in the last 3Â months and those who had exposure to wastes and body fluids were 13 (37.1%) and 10 (38.5%) respectively. Majority of the isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (67; 97%), doxycycline (56; 81%), erythromycin (54; 78%), chloramph...
Background The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) rK39 is currently being used for routine diagnosis of ... more Background The rapid diagnostic test (RDT) rK39 is currently being used for routine diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa. However, continuous monitoring of the performance of the assay, in particular its impact on the clinical decision in initiating anti-leishmanial treatment and outcomes remains needed as there are concerns about the diagnostic performance of this test. Methods VL patients prospectively enrolled in a diagnostic trial and with rK39 RDT were included. We evaluated the effect of rK39 testing in guiding treatment initiation and outcome. On the basis of rK39 RDT test result as well as clinical case definition for VL and microscopy examination, the clinicians decide whether to initiate VL therapy or not. Poisson regression models were used to identify factors associated with a decision to initiate VL therapy. In addition, treatment outcomes of those who received VL therapy were compared to those who received non-VL treatment. Results Of 324 VL suspects...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2019
Introduction: Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5... more Introduction: Ethiopia stood third in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Africa, and more than 5,000 MDR-TB patients are reported each year. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF) resistant strains are resistant to isoniazid (INH) and hence the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of RIF resistant MTB among presumptive TB cases at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 384 presumptive TB cases were recruited and a structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Sputum samples were collected and examined using X-pertMTB/RIF assay. Bivariate, multivariate logistic regressions, and fishers' exact analysis were done to assess the associations between the prevalence of TB and MDR-TB with different socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: In the present study, the overall prevalence of pulmonary TB was 24.5% (94/384), of this 4 (4.3%) isolates were resistant to R...
Uploads
Papers by dawit hagos