A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DECEMBER 1978
Research Interests:
Twenty-two peafowls (Pavo cristatus) affected by a disease of the upper respiratory tract were referred to the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, for diagnosis and treatment. During the course of the... more
Twenty-two peafowls (Pavo cristatus) affected by a disease of the upper respiratory tract were referred to the University of Ilorin Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, for diagnosis and treatment. During the course of the disease, peacocks showed more severe clinical signs including respiratory distress, swollen head/face, gaping, purulent nasal and ocular discharges, occluded eyelids, moist rales, anorexia, depression and recumbency. Tracheal and ocular swabs sent to the Microbiology Laboratory in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, for a microbial culture and isolation revealed the presence of an organism with satellitic growth on chocolate agar and Gram-negative rods under a light microscope which was identified as Avibacterium paragallinarum. With this, coupled with the clinical signs observed, a diagnosis of infectious coryza was made. Treatment protocol from day 1 of presentation comprised use of injectable antibiotics at oxytetracycline long acting once and tylosin for 3 days combined with multivitamins and vitamin C in water for 5 days; then on release of laboratory results, Keproceryl® powder and mebendazole powder were used in water for 5 days. Treatment proved highly responsive as no mortality was recorded during and after the course of treatment of the birds, as marked improvement was observed 5 days post-treatment.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Infertility, Nigeria, Pregnancy, Female, Animals, and 4 moreMale, Cattle, Prevalence, and Veterinary Sciences
Research Interests:
Three cross-bred cows calved in March and April and were followed until day 62 after parturition. Each animal was suckled by 2 calves ad libitum. All calves were removed from the cows on day 55 after parturition. Blood was collected 3... more
Three cross-bred cows calved in March and April and were followed until day 62 after parturition. Each animal was suckled by 2 calves ad libitum. All calves were removed from the cows on day 55 after parturition. Blood was collected 3 times per day from the jugular vein by venipuncture. On 4 occasions after parturition--i.e. days 7-8, 21-22, 35-36 and 49-50, the cows were bled through a jugular venous catheter every 30 min during the 24 h. The plasma samples were analyzed for the content of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha (main PGF2 alpha metabolite), LH, prolactin, cortisol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay methods. The concentration of PGF2 alpha increased from 280 to 730 pmol/l within the last 4 days before parturition. The highest geometric mean was 3106 pmol/l on the day of parturition. Thereafter a steady decrease of PGF2 alpha metabolite concentration was seen until day 21 when it reached plateau at 148 pmol/l. In all cows plasma LH concentrations increased significantly ...
Research Interests:
Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomasis) is an anthropozoonosis transmitted primarily by the tsetse fly. It is associated with a host of clinical indices ranging from fever, aneamia and anorexia to reproductive failures in man and his... more
Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomasis) is an anthropozoonosis transmitted primarily by the tsetse fly. It is associated with a host of clinical indices ranging from fever, aneamia and anorexia to reproductive failures in man and his domestic animals. The main objective of this study is to appraise the responsiveness of the body weight as a clinical indicator of sleeping sickness in experimentally infected Yankasa ewes. Twelve mature Yankasa sheep (6 infected and 6 control ewes) were used in this study. Weekly body weights and daily rectal temperature were taken while blood samples for haematology were collected twice a week from all animals before and after the experimental infection. Undulating parasitaemia was observed, two days post infection and was sustained through out the study period of about fifty days in all the infected ewes. Decreased body weight was found to be very prominent in the infected animals. All the infected ewes progressively lost weight during the experim...
Research Interests:
A study was undertaken to determine the oestrus response and fertility rates of zebu cows treated with PRID alone or in combination with PGF2alpha. A total of 184 non-suckled cycling Bunaji cows were allotted randomly to four treatment... more
A study was undertaken to determine the oestrus response and fertility rates of zebu cows treated with PRID alone or in combination with PGF2alpha. A total of 184 non-suckled cycling Bunaji cows were allotted randomly to four treatment groups of 46 animals per group as follows: group 1 (PRID-12), PRID was inserted for 12 days; group 2 (PRID+7+PGF2alpha-6, PRID was inserted for 7 days and PGF2alpha was administered intramuscularly 1 day prior to PRID withdrawal; group 3 (PRID-7+PGF2alpha-7, PRID was inserted for 7 days and PGF2alpha was administered intramuscularly on the day of PRID withdrawal; group 4 (2 x PGF2alpha-13, two intramuscular injections of PGF2alpha 13 days apart. At the end of each treatment period, the cows were observed for 7 days for behavioural oestrus and were inseminated 12 h following detection of oestrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation 30-40 days post-insemination. The respective oestrus response rates were 78.3%, 76.1%, 87.0% and 89.1% for groups ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Sixty zebu heifers were divided into three equal groups and reared on isocaloric diets but on different levels of protein. The protein levels were 19.17% (high), 13.37% (medium; NRC recommendations) and 8.3% (low). All animals were... more
Sixty zebu heifers were divided into three equal groups and reared on isocaloric diets but on different levels of protein. The protein levels were 19.17% (high), 13.37% (medium; NRC recommendations) and 8.3% (low). All animals were examined weekly per rectum for the presence of follicles and corpora lutea and also checked daily for standing heat. The presence of a mature corpus luteum was considered to indicate the attainment of puberty. Body weight and pelvic dimensions were taken at biweekly intervals. Intact bulls were introduced to heifers after they reached puberty and once they reached 200 kg live weight. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out at 60, 90 and 120 days following introduction of bulls. Mean age at puberty for heifers in the high protein group (570.4 days), medium protein group (640.8 days) and low protein group (704.2 days) differed significantly (P<0.05). body weight at puberty for heifers in the high, medium and low protein groups was 207.1, 187.0 and 161.7 kg, respectively (P<0.05). Pelvic size at puberty was not influenced by the nutritional level. Conception rates of heifers in the three groups were influenced by level of nutrition. Pregnancy rates for the high protein group (58.8%), medium protein group (27.8%), and low protein group (16.7%) by 90-day post-breeding period were significantly different (P<0.05), but body weight at conception between the groups did not differ significantly. The results show that increasing the protein level in the diet is a means of improving the reproductive performance of zebu cattle.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A total of ninety seven pre-pubertal Bunaji (BJ) and Friesian-Bunaji (FR x BJ) heifers were allotted randomly to two treatments groups for a period of 15 months. The treatment groups consisted of the followings: Mature Bull Exposure (MBE)... more
A total of ninety seven pre-pubertal Bunaji (BJ) and Friesian-Bunaji (FR x BJ) heifers were allotted randomly to two treatments groups for a period of 15 months. The treatment groups consisted of the followings: Mature Bull Exposure (MBE) and No Bull Exposure (NBE). Heifers were body condition scored and their live weights recorded on 28 days consecutive intervals. A heifer tactile stimulation in bull bio-stimulation. was considered to have attained puberty if she displayed oestrus, had a palpable corpus luteum with an associated P4 concentration > 1 ng x mL(-1). The onset of puberty was significantly earlier in MBE heifers (23.1 +/- 0.4 months) than NBE heifers (26.4 +/- 0.4 months). The mean ages at puberty for MBE-BJ, NBE-BJ, MBE-FR x BJ, NBE-FR x BJ were 24.3, 27.8, 22.1 and 25.0 months respectively. More MBE heifers (70.8%) attained puberty between 17 and 24 months of age than NBE heifers (18.3%) and on the same ages, more FR x BJ heifers (62.0%) than BJ heifers (25.5%). The mean live weight of MBE heifers at puberty (224.4 +/- 4.2 kg) was significantly lower than that of the NBE heifers (255.8 +/- 4.2 kg). The FR x BJ heifers attained puberty at a significantly higher live weight (270.2 +/- 4.2 kg) than the BJ heifers (228.6 +/- 4.2 kg). The use of a vasectomised bull especially in some elite farms that rely on artificial insemination services may be an effective management tool that can decrease age at puberty. More work is required to determine the relative contribution of visual, auditory, olfactory, pheromonal and tactile stimulation in bull biostimulation.
Research Interests:
Twenty-one Bunaji (White Fulani, Zebu) and 21 Friesian X Bunaji cross-bred bull calves, approximately 6 months of age, were each divided after weaning into two groups and fed isocaloric rations containing 14.45% (high protein) and 8.51%... more
Twenty-one Bunaji (White Fulani, Zebu) and 21 Friesian X Bunaji cross-bred bull calves, approximately 6 months of age, were each divided after weaning into two groups and fed isocaloric rations containing 14.45% (high protein) and 8.51% (low protein) crude protein for 10 months. Serum samples were collected biweekly for 10 months and analysed for serum proteins. Age had no significant effect. The Bunaji had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher total protein, albumin, and alpha 1-globulin than Friesian X Bunaji. While there was no significant difference in body condition score between the two breeds, the Friesian X Bunaji had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher growth rate. Animals on high protein diets had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher total protein, albumin, alpha 2-globulin, gamma-globulin and total globulin than those on low protein. However, alpha 1-globulin and beta-globulin were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different for the two treatment groups.
Research Interests:
A concentration of 0.005% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) achieved complete immobilization of ram spermatozoa while also yielding good recovery of sperm motility after removal by washing. At a higher formaldehyde... more
A concentration of 0.005% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) achieved complete immobilization of ram spermatozoa while also yielding good recovery of sperm motility after removal by washing. At a higher formaldehyde concentration (0.01%) recovery rate declined with increasing dilution rate. Incubation of spermatozoa in PBS containing 0.005% formaldehyde beyond 6 h at 5, 15 or 25 degrees C resulted in poor recovery rates. Of the incubation temperatures, eosin uptake was lowest at 25 degrees C. During 4 h post-wash incubation at 30 degrees C sperm motility was significantly (P less than 0.001) affected by pre-wash formaldehyde concentration which had no effect on the proportion of eosinophilic spermatozoa.
Research Interests:
Karyotypes were prepared for ten Rahaji bulls using cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. C-banded metaphases were prepared to identify the sex chromosomes and possible translocations. Out of the ten bulls, studied one bull had a 2n... more
Karyotypes were prepared for ten Rahaji bulls using cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. C-banded metaphases were prepared to identify the sex chromosomes and possible translocations. Out of the ten bulls, studied one bull had a 2n number of 59 chromosomes and carried a Robertsonian translocation. The possible importance of the Robertsonian translocation in Zebu cattle in Nigeria is discussed.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Six non-lactating Holstein cows were injected with 230 iu oxytocin subcutaneously twice daily from days 2 through 6 of the cycle. Controls (n=6) were given saline injections using the same schedule. Blood samples were collected at... more
Six non-lactating Holstein cows were injected with 230 iu oxytocin subcutaneously twice daily from days 2 through 6 of the cycle. Controls (n=6) were given saline injections using the same schedule. Blood samples were collected at frequent intervals before and after each saline or oxytocin injection. Progesterone and 15-Keto-13, 14-dihydro prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGFM), the major metabolite of prostaglandin F(2alpha), were analysed by radio-immunoassay. Oxytocin injections significantly increased plasma prostaglandin concentrations on days 2 and 3 when compared with the controls. In two oxytocin-treated cows, the cycle was shortened to 10 and 12 days. Estrus was preceded by a PGF(2alpha) release very similar to that preceding spontaneous estrus. Two of the oxytocin-treated cows showed estrus on day 21 and 22 preceded by luteolytic release of PGF(2alpha). Two oxytocin-treated cows developed cystic corpora lutea and had not shown heat when the ovaries were removed four weeks later. All oxytocin-treated cows showed a slower progesterone increase through day 8 than the controls. The study shows that endocrine events preceding cycle alterations in oxytocin-treated cows involve release of PGF(2alpha) and lowered levels of progesterone.
Research Interests:
The reproductive performance of Zebu cattle is generally low. However, blood concentrations of progesterone may be of practical value in assessing the reproductive status of the Zebu female. This paper reviews recent findings regarding... more
The reproductive performance of Zebu cattle is generally low. However, blood concentrations of progesterone may be of practical value in assessing the reproductive status of the Zebu female. This paper reviews recent findings regarding plasma progesterone profiles during different phases of the reproductive cycle of some Nigerian Zebu cattle. The reproductive phases examined include the estrous cycle, early pregnancy and the postpartum periods. Our findings describe variations in plasma progesterone profiles observed under field conditions. The practical implications of these findings in assessing reproductive functions in indigenous Nigerian Zebu cattle are examined.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A total of 137 cycling zebu cows, each receiving a single dose of prostaglandin PGF(2alpha)were used in an oestrus synchronization programme on three different farms. Of the cows on the three farms, 60.6 and 90.5% showed overt oestrus and... more
A total of 137 cycling zebu cows, each receiving a single dose of prostaglandin PGF(2alpha)were used in an oestrus synchronization programme on three different farms. Of the cows on the three farms, 60.6 and 90.5% showed overt oestrus and luteolysis, respectively. Pregnancy rate to fixed time inseminations following single injection of PGF(2alpha)was 61.4% for farm 1, significantly higher than the values of 45.7 and 46.9% for farms 2 and 3, respectively. The pregnancy rates to second service of rebred cows were 53.3, 50.0 and 50.0% for the three farms, respectively, with no significant differences between each. Fertility classification of the cows based on progesterone (P(4)) concentration showed that 6.6% of cows on the three farms were incorrectly diagnosed as having corpora lutea; 2.9% of them had incomplete luteolysis and 5.1% may have lost their embryos between days 21 and 45 post-insemination. The pregnancy rate was 10% higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Cows with body condition scores of 3 and 4 had a higher overall pregnancy rates than those with a body condition score of 2. The findings of this study further confirm the luteolytic efficacy of prostaglandin in inducing oestrus in zebu cattle and indicate that the nutritional status of the cows must be satisfactory before embarking on oestrus synchronization programmes.
Research Interests:
... 2. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle of Yankasa sheep. findings have been reported by Sebastian et al. (1984 ... Niger. J. Anita. Prod., 6: 38-40. Corrie, JET, Ratcliffe, WA and Macpharson, JS, 1981.... more
... 2. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle of Yankasa sheep. findings have been reported by Sebastian et al. (1984 ... Niger. J. Anita. Prod., 6: 38-40. Corrie, JET, Ratcliffe, WA and Macpharson, JS, 1981. Generally ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Reproduction, Pheromones, Animal reproduction, Rodentia, Control system, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Seasonality, Chemical Communication, Developing Country, Female, Animals, Male, Insects, Honey bee, Livestock Production, Goats, Cattle, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, Management Tool, and Reproductive Performance
Research Interests:
... Heat detection was continued until no further heat signs were observed. Blood sample collection Blood samples were collected daily into evacuated heparinized tubes by jug-ular vein puncture. ... 329-339. Igono, MO, Molokwu, ECI and... more
... Heat detection was continued until no further heat signs were observed. Blood sample collection Blood samples were collected daily into evacuated heparinized tubes by jug-ular vein puncture. ... 329-339. Igono, MO, Molokwu, ECI and Aliu, YO, 1982. ...
Research Interests:
... 2. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle of Yankasa sheep. findings have been reported by Sebastian et al. (1984 ... Niger. J. Anita. Prod., 6: 38-40. Corrie, JET, Ratcliffe, WA and Macpharson, JS, 1981.... more
... 2. Plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle of Yankasa sheep. findings have been reported by Sebastian et al. (1984 ... Niger. J. Anita. Prod., 6: 38-40. Corrie, JET, Ratcliffe, WA and Macpharson, JS, 1981. Generally ...
Research Interests:
SUMMARYIndigenous pigs of West Africa form the majority of the pig population in Nigeria. They are very precocious but have low prolificacy, a low growth rate and poor carcass characteristics. However, the ability to thrive on low-quality... more
SUMMARYIndigenous pigs of West Africa form the majority of the pig population in Nigeria. They are very precocious but have low prolificacy, a low growth rate and poor carcass characteristics. However, the ability to thrive on low-quality diets in stressful environments is quite remarkable. In recent years, there has been a steady decline in the indigenous pig population. Therefore, conservation of the germplasm of this valuable genetic resource is highly desirable.