Paramphistomiasis or Amphistomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by Paramphistomum spe... more Paramphistomiasis or Amphistomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by Paramphistomum species in livestock ruminants and wild mammals. Its symptoms include profuse diarrhea, anemia, and lethargy, and often result in death if untreated. It causes significant economic loss in livestock production, as it can reduce feed efficiency, increase weight, and affect milk production. The life cycle of a parasite is indirect, requiring a definitive host such as ruminants, and an intermediate host such as snails. To treat this disease, a wide range of Anthelmintic drugs with different types of mechanisms of action are available, among which Praziquantel (Biltricide, Droncit) is one of them. Understanding the mechanism of action of a drug on parasites gives better scope for the development of a wide range of effective drugs. Several drug target action sites are identified in parasites among which acetylcholine esterase (Ache) is one of them. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of nerve impulses by breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline in the synaptic cleft. In the current paper Praziquantel mode of action on Ache activity in Paramphistomum epiclitum is studied. the biochemical assay of Ache is estimated to be in control and treated with parasites at various drug concentrations over 1-hour long exposure. It has been observed that the drug significantly inhibits Ache activity by 4 ppm.
Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Jul 29, 2013
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (... more Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Failure in anti-AIDS treatment is observed due to the emergence of resistant viruses, cross-resistance to drugs and cell toxicity. The objective of this study is to study the in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity of fresh water mussel extract. Live freshwater mussels (L. marginalis) were collected from various rivers of Adilabad, Karimnagar and Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The material collected from each animal was divided into two equal parts for the preparation of Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) extract and acid enzyme hydrolysate (AEH). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HIV-infected individuals and healthy blood donors by ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation method. The extracts prepared from fresh water mussel tested for cytotoxicity on cultured PBMCs. HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was measured. Different extracts showing significant activity. The cytotoxicity of the PBS extract on the T cells was CC50 = 6.1 μg/ml and CC50 value of AEH extract was 3.12 μg/ml. The extracts of PBS and AEH of the fresh water mussel are indicated that the anti‐HIV-1 replication effects with EC50 values of 2.25 and 0.93 μg/ml, respectively. Two extracts (PBS and AEH) showed moderate to mild anti-HIV activities. Hence, there is a need to investigate chemically, the active fractions from these freshwater mussels in order to establish chemical constituents responsible for the cytotoxic and HIV-1 activities.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
Background: In effort to identify novel bacterial agents, this study was initiated to evaluate th... more Background: In effort to identify novel bacterial agents, this study was initiated to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of 17 crude extracts from 12 medicinal plants against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria. Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were evaluated against clinically proved beta-lactam-resistant bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp.) and reference strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 29751, E. aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790) by using disc-diffusion and agar-dilution assays. Results: The crude plant extracts demonstrated broad spectrum activity against all bacteria tested with inhibition zones in the range of 8-30 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of different plant extracts against the tested bacteria were ...
Potential usage of Zerumbone to suppress inflammation: An in silico study, 2022
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause se... more The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause serious health problems like cancer and diseases. The present study was carried out to find the suitability of industrial effluents of different parts of India for irrigation purpose and to study the physicochemical characteristics. The samples of industrial discharge have been collected from various industries like pulp and paper mills from (Ballarsha, Maharashtra), paint industry (Bangalore), paper industry from (Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam), Diesel engine chemical soils (Warangal), card board (ookal). The collected effluent samples were preserved for further analysis to estimate the Physical Factors
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
Biodiversity refers to the variety among living organisms. The diversity of species involves gene... more Biodiversity refers to the variety among living organisms. The diversity of species involves genetic diversity, habitat diversity and species diversity. Biodiversity of Western Ghats is one of the most significant in the world, internationally declared as world heritage. Chandoli National Park is heart of Western Ghats. National Park spreads along the crest of the North Sahyadri Range of Western Ghats. Faunal diversity of National Park was studied in period 2010 to 2012. There are 4 species of amphibians, 17 species of reptiles, 109 species of birds and 23 species of mammals. The Simpsons Index was much more in amphibian (12.75) than birds (0.01) but Simpson’s diversity Index (0.9) and reciprocal index was very high in birds (77.51) than amphibians (0.07). Among observed species some are endangered species such as Tiger, Leopard, Sloth bear, Mouse deer, Indian Giant squirrel, Indian Pangolin, Sambar, Indian Rock Python, Monitor lizard, Common grey horn bill and Brahminy kite. Line t...
The American Journal of Science and Medical Research
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) the virus that bases AIDS, is one of the newest zones of medic... more HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) the virus that bases AIDS, is one of the newest zones of medical research nowadays. The objective of the study is to test the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory efficiency of Acalypha indica leaves extracts. The leaves of Acalypha indica, were collected from the selected places of Adilabad District. Leaves were exposed to size reduction to get coarse powder and extracted by sequential maceration method using non-polar to polar solvents. Cell viability was determined in contradiction of PBMC cells by the trypan-blue dye exclusion technique and by MTT assay. The HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibition due to each extract was determined by HIV-1 RT inhibition assay by using of Retro Sys HIV-1 RT activity kit. At 50 µg/mL n-hexane extract presented the uppermost percentage of HIV-1 RT enzyme inhibition (88.26%) followed by methanol (75%), chloroform (67.3%), ethyl acetate (67.3%) and acetone (63.4%). The weak inhibition was establish at 3.125 µg/mL concentration for all extracts, except n-hexane. At this concentration n-hexane displays more than 50% inhibition. The control drug AZT shows highest inhibition (88.26% and 92.6%) at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations. These results achieves that n-hexane crude extract taking more effective activity among the other crude extracts.
The American Journal of Science and Medical Research, 2022
The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause se... more The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause serious health problems like cancer and diseases. The present study was carried out to find the suitability of industrial effluents of different parts of India for irrigation purpose and to study the physicochemical characteristics. The samples of industrial discharge have been collected from various industries like pulp and paper mills from (Ballarsha, Maharashtra), paint industry (Bangalore), paper industry from (Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam), Diesel engine chemical soils (Warangal), card board (ookal). The collected effluent samples were preserved for further analysis to estimate the Physical Factors
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
Paramphistomiasis or Amphistomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by Paramphistomum spe... more Paramphistomiasis or Amphistomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, caused by Paramphistomum species in livestock ruminants and wild mammals. Its symptoms include profuse diarrhea, anemia, and lethargy, and often result in death if untreated. It causes significant economic loss in livestock production, as it can reduce feed efficiency, increase weight, and affect milk production. The life cycle of a parasite is indirect, requiring a definitive host such as ruminants, and an intermediate host such as snails. To treat this disease, a wide range of Anthelmintic drugs with different types of mechanisms of action are available, among which Praziquantel (Biltricide, Droncit) is one of them. Understanding the mechanism of action of a drug on parasites gives better scope for the development of a wide range of effective drugs. Several drug target action sites are identified in parasites among which acetylcholine esterase (Ache) is one of them. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of nerve impulses by breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline in the synaptic cleft. In the current paper Praziquantel mode of action on Ache activity in Paramphistomum epiclitum is studied. the biochemical assay of Ache is estimated to be in control and treated with parasites at various drug concentrations over 1-hour long exposure. It has been observed that the drug significantly inhibits Ache activity by 4 ppm.
Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Jul 29, 2013
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (... more Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Failure in anti-AIDS treatment is observed due to the emergence of resistant viruses, cross-resistance to drugs and cell toxicity. The objective of this study is to study the in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity of fresh water mussel extract. Live freshwater mussels (L. marginalis) were collected from various rivers of Adilabad, Karimnagar and Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The material collected from each animal was divided into two equal parts for the preparation of Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) extract and acid enzyme hydrolysate (AEH). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from HIV-infected individuals and healthy blood donors by ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation method. The extracts prepared from fresh water mussel tested for cytotoxicity on cultured PBMCs. HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was measured. Different extracts showing significant activity. The cytotoxicity of the PBS extract on the T cells was CC50 = 6.1 μg/ml and CC50 value of AEH extract was 3.12 μg/ml. The extracts of PBS and AEH of the fresh water mussel are indicated that the anti‐HIV-1 replication effects with EC50 values of 2.25 and 0.93 μg/ml, respectively. Two extracts (PBS and AEH) showed moderate to mild anti-HIV activities. Hence, there is a need to investigate chemically, the active fractions from these freshwater mussels in order to establish chemical constituents responsible for the cytotoxic and HIV-1 activities.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
Background: In effort to identify novel bacterial agents, this study was initiated to evaluate th... more Background: In effort to identify novel bacterial agents, this study was initiated to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of 17 crude extracts from 12 medicinal plants against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria. Methodology: The antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were evaluated against clinically proved beta-lactam-resistant bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp.) and reference strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 29751, E. aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790) by using disc-diffusion and agar-dilution assays. Results: The crude plant extracts demonstrated broad spectrum activity against all bacteria tested with inhibition zones in the range of 8-30 mm. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of different plant extracts against the tested bacteria were ...
Potential usage of Zerumbone to suppress inflammation: An in silico study, 2022
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause se... more The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause serious health problems like cancer and diseases. The present study was carried out to find the suitability of industrial effluents of different parts of India for irrigation purpose and to study the physicochemical characteristics. The samples of industrial discharge have been collected from various industries like pulp and paper mills from (Ballarsha, Maharashtra), paint industry (Bangalore), paper industry from (Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam), Diesel engine chemical soils (Warangal), card board (ookal). The collected effluent samples were preserved for further analysis to estimate the Physical Factors
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
Biodiversity refers to the variety among living organisms. The diversity of species involves gene... more Biodiversity refers to the variety among living organisms. The diversity of species involves genetic diversity, habitat diversity and species diversity. Biodiversity of Western Ghats is one of the most significant in the world, internationally declared as world heritage. Chandoli National Park is heart of Western Ghats. National Park spreads along the crest of the North Sahyadri Range of Western Ghats. Faunal diversity of National Park was studied in period 2010 to 2012. There are 4 species of amphibians, 17 species of reptiles, 109 species of birds and 23 species of mammals. The Simpsons Index was much more in amphibian (12.75) than birds (0.01) but Simpson’s diversity Index (0.9) and reciprocal index was very high in birds (77.51) than amphibians (0.07). Among observed species some are endangered species such as Tiger, Leopard, Sloth bear, Mouse deer, Indian Giant squirrel, Indian Pangolin, Sambar, Indian Rock Python, Monitor lizard, Common grey horn bill and Brahminy kite. Line t...
The American Journal of Science and Medical Research
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) the virus that bases AIDS, is one of the newest zones of medic... more HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) the virus that bases AIDS, is one of the newest zones of medical research nowadays. The objective of the study is to test the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory efficiency of Acalypha indica leaves extracts. The leaves of Acalypha indica, were collected from the selected places of Adilabad District. Leaves were exposed to size reduction to get coarse powder and extracted by sequential maceration method using non-polar to polar solvents. Cell viability was determined in contradiction of PBMC cells by the trypan-blue dye exclusion technique and by MTT assay. The HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibition due to each extract was determined by HIV-1 RT inhibition assay by using of Retro Sys HIV-1 RT activity kit. At 50 µg/mL n-hexane extract presented the uppermost percentage of HIV-1 RT enzyme inhibition (88.26%) followed by methanol (75%), chloroform (67.3%), ethyl acetate (67.3%) and acetone (63.4%). The weak inhibition was establish at 3.125 µg/mL concentration for all extracts, except n-hexane. At this concentration n-hexane displays more than 50% inhibition. The control drug AZT shows highest inhibition (88.26% and 92.6%) at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations. These results achieves that n-hexane crude extract taking more effective activity among the other crude extracts.
The American Journal of Science and Medical Research, 2022
The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause se... more The need to control toxic materials from the effluents is currently increasing which may cause serious health problems like cancer and diseases. The present study was carried out to find the suitability of industrial effluents of different parts of India for irrigation purpose and to study the physicochemical characteristics. The samples of industrial discharge have been collected from various industries like pulp and paper mills from (Ballarsha, Maharashtra), paint industry (Bangalore), paper industry from (Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam), Diesel engine chemical soils (Warangal), card board (ookal). The collected effluent samples were preserved for further analysis to estimate the Physical Factors
A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using ... more A significant cyclic sesquiterpenoid known as Zerumbone was extracted from Zingiber roseum using the volume liquid chromatographic (VLC) technique. It's a naturally occurring phytochemical having a variety of physiological properties, including antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and antiproliferative action. This study's major goal was to evaluate Zerumbone's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against the inflammation receptors-Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha), and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase 4 using various in-silico methods. The targeted receptors were obtained from Protein Data Bank, and the ligand was accessed in the Pubchem database. Utilizing the Autodock PyRx platform, which supports Autodock Vina, molecular docking was carried out. Even in the computational prediction, it was revealed that this substance was non-toxic. Receptors exhibiting the highest binding affinity for our ligand were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with WebGRO, CABS-flex, and iMODS web servers. The molecular docking outcomes showed that our ligand molecule exhibited the highest binding affinity for the sPLA2 receptor. MD simulation studies also showed good leads to sPLA2. In conclusion, our outcomes suggest that Zerumbone is an important inhibitor of sPLA2 and might be further utilized as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
The computational techniques in drug discovery have drastically reduced the time and cost involve... more The computational techniques in drug discovery have drastically reduced the time and cost involved in drug development. The in-silico techniques have enhanced the understanding of molecular properties and the specific behavior of drug-receptor interaction at the molecular level. Hence, it is necessary to develop these skills and expertise in modern and sophisticated tools related to drug discovery. The objective of this workshop is to orient the participant to the basic knowledge of drug design and provide hands-on training on Molecular Docking.
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