To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes tes... more To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes tessmanniana, fractions (DTB1-5) as well as compounds [friedelin (2), 3,7-dioxofriedelane (3), 3,15-dioxofriedelane (4), 3beta- O-(E)-3,5-dihydroxycinnamoyl-11-oxo-olean-12-ene (6), and 3beta,6alpha-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (7). Agar disc diffusion was used to determine the sensitivity of the above samples, whilst the microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC). The diffusion test showed that the crude extract was able to prevent the growth of all tested organisms. All other samples showed selective activity. The inhibitory effect of the fraction DTB2 was noted on 63.7%, that of DTB1 and DBT3 on 54.6%, whilst DTB4 and DTB5 were active on 9.1% of the 11 tested organisms. The tested compounds prevented the growth of 81.8% of the tested microbial species for compounds 3 and 4, 36.7% for compound 6, and 18.2% for compound 7. The results of the MIC determinations indicated perceptible values for DTB and compound 4 on 81.8% of the tested organisms. For other samples, MICs were detected on 0-63.7%. The lowest MIC value (78.12 microg/mL) for the crude extract and fractions (DTB2) was observed on M. audouinii. The corresponding value for isolated compounds (156.25 microg/mL) was noted with compounds 3 on S. faecalis and 4 on M. audouinii audouinii. The results of the MMC determination suggested that the microbicidal effect of most of the tested samples on the studied microorganisms could be expected. The methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes. tessmanniana (Euphorbiaceae) as well as some of the isolated compounds might be potential sources of new antimicrobial drugs.
This article has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the treating cancer disease .... more This article has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the treating cancer disease . The plant sources of India are likely to provide effective anticancer agents. Herbs have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained from various plants with medicinal and other therapeutic uses. The photochemical exploration of these herbs has contributed to some extent in this race for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. In recent years owing to the fear of side effects people prefer to use of natural plant products for cancer treatment. This review also helps to summarize the diverse methodologies and various ways to evaluate the potential natural compounds having anticancer activity. Although drug discovery from medicinal plants continues to provide an important source of new drug leads, numerous challenges are encountered including the procurement of plant materials and their selection.
Identification of primary and secondary constituents has become the utmost important tool for the... more Identification of primary and secondary constituents has become the utmost important tool for the presence of active moiety. The phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Calendula officinalis leaf done by TLC means. Petroleum ether extract showed the presence of fatty acids, chloroform extracts showed the presence of triterpens and sterols. Flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and saponins were present in methanol extract and saponins, phenolic substances and tannins were present in the water extract of Calendula officinalis.
In the present investigation the leaves of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae) were studied f... more In the present investigation the leaves of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae) were studied for its identification, macroscopical, microscopical and standardization parameters. The plant Calendula officinalis is widely used in our Traditional System of Medicine due to its great medicinal value. Pharmacognostic evaluation including examination of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of leaf constants, ash values and extractive values was carried out for its authenticity.
Five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extr... more Five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extract of Mirabilus jalap have been studied for both in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activites. The different extracts showed remarkable inhibitory action against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two fungal species. Themethanolic extract of the leaves of Mirabilus jalap was screened for its antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was detected by observing the growth response of different organisms to the methanolic extract. It was generally based on the inhibition of growth of microorganisms which were measured with a desired concentration of the plant extract of Mirabilus jalap to be examined with the standard concentarion preparation. Positive antifungal activity was observed with the methanolic extract against fungal organism Candida albicans.
The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthac... more The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Palak, a traditional medicinal plant with high nutritional value, used as anti diabetic, anti bacterial and hepatoprotective agent. Extensive literature survey revealed that no reports were available on organoleptic, microscopic and physicochemical properties of Spinacia oleracea Linn. The present study was undertaken to perform pharmacognostical research which can support the identification and characterization of the plant.
Tagetes erectus (Compositae) is used in our traditional System of Medicine to treat various alime... more Tagetes erectus (Compositae) is used in our traditional System of Medicine to treat various aliments for curing mankind. It is mainly used in treating of rheumatism, retention of urine and kidney troubles, antimicrobial properties and in treatment of boils. Thus on these facts and folklore the experiment was designed to find out its antimicrobial propertirs for effective treatment. In the present investigations five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extract of Tagetes erectus have been studied for both in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activites. The different extracts showed remarkable inhibitory action against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two fungal species.
The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice o... more The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice of either sex. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly (P< 0.05) showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (5 mg/kg). The analgesic activity was also assessed by increasing the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice at dose of 50 mg/kg compared with standard drug Aspirin (25 mg/kg). The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce significant analgesic action.
Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, re... more Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, reported to contain active bitter substance like clerodin, has been widely used as tonic and anthelmintic agent in the country sides of North India. Though, variously used in Ayurveda, Unani system of medicine and Homeopathy in case of ailments like diarrhoea, skin disorders, venereal and scrofulous complaints, wounds, post-natal complications, as vermifuge, laxative and cholagogue, for the removal of ascarids in anus, as external applications on tumours, etc., the plant needs thorough investigation for its specific medicinal activity. Leaves and roots are used for external applications on tumours are due to the presence of Clerodolone, Clerodone, Clerodol and a sterol now designated as Clerosterol. Leaves and root extract is useful for the treatment of fresh wound. Percentage of haemoglobin increased due to leaf extract. Piles patient treated with leaf extract gives considerable relief. S...
The chloroform extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CPCE) has been subjected for its analgesic act... more The chloroform extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CPCE) has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice of either sex. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly (P< 0.05) showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (5 mg/kg). The analgesic activity was also assessed by increasing the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice at dose of 50 mg/kg compared with standard drug Aspirin (25 mg/kg). The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce significant analgesic action.
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Calendula o... more The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Calendula officinalis Linn. Dried leaf powder of Calendula officinalis was successively extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol using Soxhlet and macerated to form water extract. All extracts were screened for its antibacterial and antifungal activity using agar well diffusion method. The microorganisms used for antibacterial and antifungal were Bacillus subtulis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Gentamicin 5µg/ml was used as standards. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration assay by two fold dilutions method. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water extract exhibited in-vitro antibacterial activity. None of the extracts showed antifungal activity.
Antioxidant activity of chloroform extract of Aesculus indica leaves was investigated for its fre... more Antioxidant activity of chloroform extract of Aesculus indica leaves was investigated for its free radical scavenging activity by determining the nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Maximum scavenging of nitric oxide and superoxide radical found were 27.62% and 48.65% respectively at 250 µg/ml concentration.
Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The... more Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the protective role of different extracts of grains of Eleusine coracana (Poeceae) against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. E. coracana exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing CCl4 induced change in biochemical parameters that was evident by enzymatic examination. The extracts at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein. The activity of extract was comparable to the standard drug, Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Histopathological observations also revealed that treatment with Eleusine coracana extracts protected the animal from CCL4 induced liver damage. The results indicate that the different extracts ...
Page 1. Chakraborthy et al., IJPSR, 2010; Vol. 1(9):76-80 ISSN: 0975-8232 Available online on www... more Page 1. Chakraborthy et al., IJPSR, 2010; Vol. 1(9):76-80 ISSN: 0975-8232 Available online on www.ijpsr.com 76 IJPSR (2010), Vol. 1, Issue 9 (Suppl.) (Research Article) Received on 23 May, 2010; received in revised form 17 August, 2010; accepted 30 August, 2010 ...
ABSTRACT The extracts of flowers of Punica granatum (Linn). (N.O. Family Punicaceae) were investi... more ABSTRACT The extracts of flowers of Punica granatum (Linn). (N.O. Family Punicaceae) were investigated for analgesic activity in mice using hot plate method. The flowers of Punica granatum (Linn) were collected from the local market of Mumbai, Maharashtra and were in a dried condition. The dried powdered flowers (500 gm) were extracted in a soxhlet apparatus by using different solvents. Mice weighing 15-25 gm were taken for the experiment. The reaction time of animals in all the groups was noted at 30, 60 and 120 min after drug administration. All data were analyzed with Student-t test. The various extract of the flowers of Punica granatum (Linn) showed significant analgesic activity at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. A maximum analgesic activity was found at 60 min, after drug administration, which was equivalent to the standard drug used as morphine sulphate.
To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes tes... more To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes tessmanniana, fractions (DTB1-5) as well as compounds [friedelin (2), 3,7-dioxofriedelane (3), 3,15-dioxofriedelane (4), 3beta- O-(E)-3,5-dihydroxycinnamoyl-11-oxo-olean-12-ene (6), and 3beta,6alpha-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (7). Agar disc diffusion was used to determine the sensitivity of the above samples, whilst the microdilution method was used for the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC). The diffusion test showed that the crude extract was able to prevent the growth of all tested organisms. All other samples showed selective activity. The inhibitory effect of the fraction DTB2 was noted on 63.7%, that of DTB1 and DBT3 on 54.6%, whilst DTB4 and DTB5 were active on 9.1% of the 11 tested organisms. The tested compounds prevented the growth of 81.8% of the tested microbial species for compounds 3 and 4, 36.7% for compound 6, and 18.2% for compound 7. The results of the MIC determinations indicated perceptible values for DTB and compound 4 on 81.8% of the tested organisms. For other samples, MICs were detected on 0-63.7%. The lowest MIC value (78.12 microg/mL) for the crude extract and fractions (DTB2) was observed on M. audouinii. The corresponding value for isolated compounds (156.25 microg/mL) was noted with compounds 3 on S. faecalis and 4 on M. audouinii audouinii. The results of the MMC determination suggested that the microbicidal effect of most of the tested samples on the studied microorganisms could be expected. The methanol extract from the stem bark of Drypetes. tessmanniana (Euphorbiaceae) as well as some of the isolated compounds might be potential sources of new antimicrobial drugs.
This article has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the treating cancer disease .... more This article has been made to review some medicinal plants used for the treating cancer disease . The plant sources of India are likely to provide effective anticancer agents. Herbs have a vital role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Examples are provided in this review of promising bioactive compounds obtained from various plants with medicinal and other therapeutic uses. The photochemical exploration of these herbs has contributed to some extent in this race for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. In recent years owing to the fear of side effects people prefer to use of natural plant products for cancer treatment. This review also helps to summarize the diverse methodologies and various ways to evaluate the potential natural compounds having anticancer activity. Although drug discovery from medicinal plants continues to provide an important source of new drug leads, numerous challenges are encountered including the procurement of plant materials and their selection.
Identification of primary and secondary constituents has become the utmost important tool for the... more Identification of primary and secondary constituents has become the utmost important tool for the presence of active moiety. The phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Calendula officinalis leaf done by TLC means. Petroleum ether extract showed the presence of fatty acids, chloroform extracts showed the presence of triterpens and sterols. Flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids and saponins were present in methanol extract and saponins, phenolic substances and tannins were present in the water extract of Calendula officinalis.
In the present investigation the leaves of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae) were studied f... more In the present investigation the leaves of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae) were studied for its identification, macroscopical, microscopical and standardization parameters. The plant Calendula officinalis is widely used in our Traditional System of Medicine due to its great medicinal value. Pharmacognostic evaluation including examination of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of leaf constants, ash values and extractive values was carried out for its authenticity.
Five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extr... more Five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extract of Mirabilus jalap have been studied for both in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activites. The different extracts showed remarkable inhibitory action against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two fungal species. Themethanolic extract of the leaves of Mirabilus jalap was screened for its antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was detected by observing the growth response of different organisms to the methanolic extract. It was generally based on the inhibition of growth of microorganisms which were measured with a desired concentration of the plant extract of Mirabilus jalap to be examined with the standard concentarion preparation. Positive antifungal activity was observed with the methanolic extract against fungal organism Candida albicans.
The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthac... more The paper presents the pharmacognostical studies of leaves of Spinacia oleracea Linn. (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Palak, a traditional medicinal plant with high nutritional value, used as anti diabetic, anti bacterial and hepatoprotective agent. Extensive literature survey revealed that no reports were available on organoleptic, microscopic and physicochemical properties of Spinacia oleracea Linn. The present study was undertaken to perform pharmacognostical research which can support the identification and characterization of the plant.
Tagetes erectus (Compositae) is used in our traditional System of Medicine to treat various alime... more Tagetes erectus (Compositae) is used in our traditional System of Medicine to treat various aliments for curing mankind. It is mainly used in treating of rheumatism, retention of urine and kidney troubles, antimicrobial properties and in treatment of boils. Thus on these facts and folklore the experiment was designed to find out its antimicrobial propertirs for effective treatment. In the present investigations five different crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extract of Tagetes erectus have been studied for both in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activites. The different extracts showed remarkable inhibitory action against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria and two fungal species.
The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice o... more The methanolic extract of Tagetes erectus has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice of either sex. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly (P< 0.05) showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (5 mg/kg). The analgesic activity was also assessed by increasing the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice at dose of 50 mg/kg compared with standard drug Aspirin (25 mg/kg). The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce significant analgesic action.
Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, re... more Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, reported to contain active bitter substance like clerodin, has been widely used as tonic and anthelmintic agent in the country sides of North India. Though, variously used in Ayurveda, Unani system of medicine and Homeopathy in case of ailments like diarrhoea, skin disorders, venereal and scrofulous complaints, wounds, post-natal complications, as vermifuge, laxative and cholagogue, for the removal of ascarids in anus, as external applications on tumours, etc., the plant needs thorough investigation for its specific medicinal activity. Leaves and roots are used for external applications on tumours are due to the presence of Clerodolone, Clerodone, Clerodol and a sterol now designated as Clerosterol. Leaves and root extract is useful for the treatment of fresh wound. Percentage of haemoglobin increased due to leaf extract. Piles patient treated with leaf extract gives considerable relief. S...
The chloroform extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CPCE) has been subjected for its analgesic act... more The chloroform extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (CPCE) has been subjected for its analgesic activity in mice of either sex. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract at doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly (P< 0.05) showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control and standard drug Diclofenac Sodium (5 mg/kg). The analgesic activity was also assessed by increasing the pain threshold level in tail immersion test in mice at dose of 50 mg/kg compared with standard drug Aspirin (25 mg/kg). The results suggest that the extract acts peripherally to produce significant analgesic action.
The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Calendula o... more The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Calendula officinalis Linn. Dried leaf powder of Calendula officinalis was successively extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol using Soxhlet and macerated to form water extract. All extracts were screened for its antibacterial and antifungal activity using agar well diffusion method. The microorganisms used for antibacterial and antifungal were Bacillus subtulis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Gentamicin 5µg/ml was used as standards. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration assay by two fold dilutions method. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water extract exhibited in-vitro antibacterial activity. None of the extracts showed antifungal activity.
Antioxidant activity of chloroform extract of Aesculus indica leaves was investigated for its fre... more Antioxidant activity of chloroform extract of Aesculus indica leaves was investigated for its free radical scavenging activity by determining the nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Maximum scavenging of nitric oxide and superoxide radical found were 27.62% and 48.65% respectively at 250 µg/ml concentration.
Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The... more Herbal drugs are traditionally used in various parts of the world to cure different diseases. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the protective role of different extracts of grains of Eleusine coracana (Poeceae) against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. E. coracana exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity by reducing CCl4 induced change in biochemical parameters that was evident by enzymatic examination. The extracts at an oral dose of 500 mg/kg exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein. The activity of extract was comparable to the standard drug, Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Histopathological observations also revealed that treatment with Eleusine coracana extracts protected the animal from CCL4 induced liver damage. The results indicate that the different extracts ...
Page 1. Chakraborthy et al., IJPSR, 2010; Vol. 1(9):76-80 ISSN: 0975-8232 Available online on www... more Page 1. Chakraborthy et al., IJPSR, 2010; Vol. 1(9):76-80 ISSN: 0975-8232 Available online on www.ijpsr.com 76 IJPSR (2010), Vol. 1, Issue 9 (Suppl.) (Research Article) Received on 23 May, 2010; received in revised form 17 August, 2010; accepted 30 August, 2010 ...
ABSTRACT The extracts of flowers of Punica granatum (Linn). (N.O. Family Punicaceae) were investi... more ABSTRACT The extracts of flowers of Punica granatum (Linn). (N.O. Family Punicaceae) were investigated for analgesic activity in mice using hot plate method. The flowers of Punica granatum (Linn) were collected from the local market of Mumbai, Maharashtra and were in a dried condition. The dried powdered flowers (500 gm) were extracted in a soxhlet apparatus by using different solvents. Mice weighing 15-25 gm were taken for the experiment. The reaction time of animals in all the groups was noted at 30, 60 and 120 min after drug administration. All data were analyzed with Student-t test. The various extract of the flowers of Punica granatum (Linn) showed significant analgesic activity at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. A maximum analgesic activity was found at 60 min, after drug administration, which was equivalent to the standard drug used as morphine sulphate.
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