hamed rahnema

Controlled environment agriculture has the potential to enhance agriculture sustainability, a United Nations sustainable development goal. Enclosed agricultural facilities can be used in locations that cannot support field agriculture while reducing water usage and increasing productivity relative to open field agriculture. The primary challenges with operation arise from energy consumption to maintain the proper growth conditions. Membrane processes can reduce energy consumption by controlling temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. Membrane processes also can minimize water consumption by enabling the use of non-conventional water resources and reducing wastewater production. The literature describing these applications is reviewed and opportunities for future innovation are discussed.

This study explores the effectiveness of alcohol injection as a stimulation treatment to mitigate water blockage in the vicinity of the wellbore. Over the years, water blockage has emerged as a recurring challenge within the oil and gas industry, leading to diminished well productivity. In a commingled reservoir with multiple layers, when a producing well is shut-in for well intervention or workover, water may encroach from water zones into the oil-bearing formations through the wellbore due to pressure differences between the layers. Water encroachment can have a significant impact on the production of a well. It can reduce the oil production rate, increase the water cut, and shorten the well's lifespan. Therefore, it is essential to take steps to mitigate the water encroachment effect in commingled reservoirs. This study explores the use of alcohol injection to reduce transition time and remediate formation damage in commingled oil reservoirs. Limited studies have shown that alcohol has the potential to enhance fluid relative Permeability in gas condensate reservoirs and reduce condensate banking near the wellbore. However, this approach has not yet been tested in commingled oil reservoirs. A series of core flooding tests were conducted using Berea sandstone cores and a Texan light crude oil sample. The core flood setup was designed to represent the water blockage condition in the formation. Two different alcohols were tested: isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and Methanol. Experimental results showed that mutual solvents significantly reduce water blockage and shorten the transition period. However, asphaltene precipitation may become a problem with increasing the molecular weight of injected alcohol.