The Journal aims to publish quality material that contributes to accumulate dynamic knowledge which is able to revitalize and foster the research and development carried out in different disciplines. IJIFR brings into the world the understanding of various faculties in one platform to have access to accurate information and new innovations & provide a rapid turn-around time possible for reviewing and publishing, and to disseminate the articles freely for teaching and reference purposes. Its multidisciplinary approach is deliberate to bring the worldwide eminent intellectuals on one platform to illumine the world of knowledge. The journal follows a Double Blind Peer Review System (where both reviewer and author are anonymous to each other) in order to bring in a high-quality intellectual platform for researchers across the world thereby bringing in total transparency in its journal review system. It delivers eventual platform in order to have genuine, speculative, knowledgeable research which has the visualization to understand fact-finding experiences that describes significant developments of changing global scenarios. IJIFR provide access not only to ultimate research resources, but through its high- quality professionals are ambitious to bring in a significant transformation in the dominion of open access journals and online publishing which the globe is observing nowadays. IJIFR provides free access to research information to the international community without financial, legal or technical barriers. All submitted articles should report original, previously unpublished research results, experimental or theoretical, and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. All the accepted papers of the journal will be processed for indexing into different citation databases that track citation frequency/data for each paper. Contributions will therefore be welcomed from practitioners, researchers, scholars and professional experts working in private, public and other organizations or industries.
Observational checklist is a strategy to monitor specific skills, behaviors and dispositions of i... more Observational checklist is a strategy to monitor specific skills, behaviors and dispositions of individual students or group of students in the class and it is a developing field with emerging methodologies. Observation helps to assess students' academic performance and classroom related behaviors and acts as a catalyst for monitoring the learning progress of students in particular language-learning set up. It includes noticing, marking and recording student behavior in order to distinguish something from its surroundings. This type of academic enabler helps to measure students' ability to manage their own learning and it provides rich information pertaining the patterns of the classroom practice.
Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced fr... more Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced frame system, the damage is more uniformly distributed over the height. However structures taller than 8-storey are prone to lateral drift amplification due to the higher mode effects. In this study, in order to control the lateral drift, it is proposed to add a set of outrigger trusses at various storey level and to locate the optimum location. Accordingly, in this study G+40 storey steel building is varied with double diagonal bracing and chevron bracing along with varying positioning of outrigger location, in a high risk seismic zone IV and soil type II. Response spectrum analyses conducted in ETABS software are considered in this study to analyze the behavior of the steel frame building with double diagonal bracings and chevron bracings with combination of outriggers at different storey levels in the G+40 storey building. I. INTRODUCTION People from rural areas are migrating to cities due to the Industrial Revolution, the availability of jobs and facilities. Therefore metro cities are very densely populated. Availability of land has decreased and the price of the land has increased. To solve this problem the use of multistorey building is needed. However, such provisions only increase the weight and live load of the structure along with earthquake forces. With an increase in the amount of stress, strain, deformation and displacement in the structure there is ultimately increases in the cost of construction due to the increased sectional elements. Obviously, bare frames are to be more flexible and have great section requirement to withstand the forces induced. The same can be minimized by making the structure more rigid, but it appears to be not feasible and also uneconomical. The lateral stability in the overall framework can be improved by using bracing systems. The bracing members of such braced frame act as truss system to resist lateral forces and are subjected primarily to axial stress in the elastic range. The efficiency of the braced frame structure can be further more increased by introducing braced frames with outrigger system. To increase the strength and stiffness of steel frames and composite frames the use of Steel bracing is comparatively effective. It reduces the forces caused by earthquake and also makes the structure very good in absorbing energy. The structures will safely resist forces and deformations due to severe ground motions which are good in energy dissipation. There are two types of Steel Bracing System such as, a) Concentric bracing system. b) Eccentric bracing system Mentioned below are the bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames, 1. Double diagonal Bracing / X bracing 2. Chevron bracing /Inverted V bracing 3. V-bracing 4. K-bracing 5. Single diagonal bracing The idea of use of outrigger is nowadays often utilized in tall structures. In this idea, "outrigger " frames (sometimes, girders) are extended from the core to columns that resist lateral load at the exterior section of the building. The center or core of the building may comprise of either shear walls or trusses. It leads to an extremely efficient use of the structural materials by improving the axial strength and stiffness of exterior columns to resist part of the overturning moment produced by lateral forces. The bracing system comprising of core with outriggers is most effective for tall structures in development of strengths against wind and earthquake loads. In this way, the flexible nature of tall structures can be reduced and also the structure will have controlled displacement and inter-storey drift. The incorporation of the outrigger to the concrete core can be
Reinforced Concrete is most commonly used material in Civil Engineering works. It is essential to... more Reinforced Concrete is most commonly used material in Civil Engineering works. It is essential to have sufficient strength and stiffness in the existing structures, several Pre-stressed Concrete (PSC) are designed without proper code necessities so they provide inadequate structural performance in order to avoid this they have to be upgraded to increase load carrying capacity. In this experiment post-tensioned beam was strengthened by BFRP fabric. The objective of this work is to analyse the behaviour of post tension beams such as deflection, ultimate load carrying capacity and cracks. To accomplish this post tensioned beams of size 1300mmX150mmX200mm were casted according to IS 1343-1980 regulations and tested experimentally less than two point loading. The beams were allocated as Control beam, Post Tensioned beam, Strengthen beam and Retrofitted beam. The conclusion was discussed based on load deflection curve plotted. From experiment results the increase in load carrying capacity and the reduction in cracks and deflection for strengthen beams can be observed. Beam strengthens with double layer BFRP have additional load carrying capacity and reduction in deflection compared to other beams.
Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced fr... more Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced frame system, the damage is more uniformly distributed over the height. However structures taller than 8-storey are prone to lateral drift amplification due to the higher mode effects. In this study, in order to control the lateral drift, it is proposed to add a set of outrigger trusses at various storey level and to locate the optimum location. Accordingly, in this study G+40 storey steel building is varied with double diagonal bracing and chevron bracing along with varying positioning of outrigger location, in a high risk seismic zone IV and soil type II. Response spectrum analyses conducted in ETABS software are considered in this study to analyze the behavior of the steel frame building with double diagonal bracings and chevron bracings with combination of outriggers at different storey levels in the G+40 storey building. I. INTRODUCTION People from rural areas are migrating to cities due to the Industrial Revolution, the availability of jobs and facilities. Therefore metro cities are very densely populated. Availability of land has decreased and the price of the land has increased. To solve this problem the use of multistorey building is needed. However, such provisions only increase the weight and live load of the structure along with earthquake forces. With an increase in the amount of stress, strain, deformation and displacement in the structure there is ultimately increases in the cost of construction due to the increased sectional elements. Obviously, bare frames are to be more flexible and have great section requirement to withstand the forces induced. The same can be minimized by making the structure more rigid, but it appears to be not feasible and also uneconomical. The lateral stability in the overall framework can be improved by using bracing systems. The bracing members of such braced frame act as truss system to resist lateral forces and are subjected primarily to axial stress in the elastic range. The efficiency of the braced frame structure can be further more increased by introducing braced frames with outrigger system. To increase the strength and stiffness of steel frames and composite frames the use of Steel bracing is comparatively effective. It reduces the forces caused by earthquake and also makes the structure very good in absorbing energy. The structures will safely resist forces and deformations due to severe ground motions which are good in energy dissipation. There are two types of Steel Bracing System such as, a) Concentric bracing system. b) Eccentric bracing system Mentioned below are the bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames, 1. Double diagonal Bracing / X bracing 2. Chevron bracing /Inverted V bracing 3. V-bracing 4. K-bracing 5. Single diagonal bracing The idea of use of outrigger is nowadays often utilized in tall structures. In this idea, "outrigger " frames (sometimes, girders) are extended from the core to columns that resist lateral load at the exterior section of the building. The center or core of the building may comprise of either shear walls or trusses. It leads to an extremely efficient use of the structural materials by improving the axial strength and stiffness of exterior columns to resist part of the overturning moment produced by lateral forces. The bracing system comprising of core with outriggers is most effective for tall structures in development of strengths against wind and earthquake loads. In this way, the flexible nature of tall structures can be reduced and also the structure will have controlled displacement and inter-storey drift. The incorporation of the outrigger to the concrete core can be
Nephroophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that contributes the most frequen... more Nephroophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that contributes the most frequent genetic cause of End stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is a rare disorder that affects 9/13 million and accounts for 10-25% of these patients. There are three clinical forms of Nephroophthisis which have been distinguished depending upon the onset of ESKD-1) Infantile, 2) Juvenile and 3) Adolescent which manifests ESKD at the age of 1, 13 and 19 years respectively. We report an autopsy case in 11 years old boy that had history of chronic kidney disease. The gross examination of bilateral kidneys showed uniform granular and finely scarred surface with adherent capsule at places. Multiple small medullary cysts up to size 8mm were seen on cut-surface. The histological findings of examined slides from the representative's areas showed extensive sclerosis of glomeruli, peri-glomerular fibrosis, interstitial chronic infiltrate of lymphocytes and few plasma cells. There are also areas showing tubular dilatation and cystic changes involving distal tubules and collecting ducts. Thus findings of gross and histological features confirmed the diagnosis of Nephroophthisis Hence it should always be kept in mind while dealing with ESKD at an early age.
Constructions methods being practiced in urban centers are with reinforced concrete (RC) frames b... more Constructions methods being practiced in urban centers are with reinforced concrete (RC) frames being in-filled with brick or concrete block masonry. The behavior of RC frames under gravity loads is well understood and hence only the mass of MI is being considered in the analysis of such frames. The lateral load response of MI-RC frame resulting due to wind or seismic loads is largely influenced due to the high lateral stiffness and strength contributed by MI and they also influence the post yield response of the structural system significantly. This thesis highlights the influence of brick masonry infill on the design values of MI-RC frames under various load combinations as prescribed by the Indian seismic code depending on the type of modeling technique adopted to model the MI-RC frames. Analytical modelling has been discussed for various types of masonry infills and feasible one is modelling as diagonal strut element is recommended using finite element software. Afreen Taj, T S Sahana, Sreekeshava K S :: Analytical Studies on The Modelling of Masonry-Infill Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Lateral Loads I. INTRODUCTION Buildings are structurally designed to support anticipated loads adequately and safely in addition to fulfill clients' needs which include functional and aesthetic requirements. Many reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are constructed with masonry infill. Masonry infill (MI) are often used to fill the void between the vertical and horizontal elements of the building frames with the assumption that these MI will not take part in resisting any kind of load either axial or lateral; hence its significance in the analysis of RC frame is generally neglected. Moreover, non-availability of realistic and simple analytical models of MI becomes another hurdle for its consideration in analysis. In fact, an infill wall enhances considerably the strength and rigidity of the structure. It has been recognized that RC frames with MI have more strength and rigidity in comparison to the bared frames and the ignorance of MI has become the cause of failure of many multi-storied buildings. The primary function of MI is either to protect the inside of the structure from the environment (rain, snow, wind, etc.) or to divide inside spaces. In either case, common practice has always been to ignore MI during the design and analysis of steel/reinforced concrete frame structures. However, MI tends to interact with the surrounding RC frame when the structure is subjected to lateral loads.
Teachers are responsible to guide students to learn by providing clear directions and explanation... more Teachers are responsible to guide students to learn by providing clear directions and explanations in order to educate the future generation. In the present study the investigator has attempted to study the self-esteem of secondary teacher education students. The sample consisted of 900 secondary teacher education students, who were studying B.Ed. degree in Colleges of Education at Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi district and the investigator adopted the normative survey method. The findings of the study were, i) No significant difference was found between male and female students in their self-esteem and its dimensions and ii) significant difference was found between married and unmarried secondary teacher education students in their self-esteem and its dimensions.
India has an ancient heritage of floriculture. Commercial floriculture however is of recent origi... more India has an ancient heritage of floriculture. Commercial floriculture however is of recent origin. Still 98.5% of flowers are grown under open cultivation and hardly 1.5% flowers are grown under greenhouse. The commercial floriculture is now recognized as an important sector with the potential for generating employment and earning valuable foreign exchange. There has been tremendous growth in the demand and consumption of floriculture products in the last two decades therefore the study was conducted in Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. Ujjain district is one of the important flower growing districts and hence, considered under National Horticultural Mission (NHM) programme by taking 120 flower growers. Knowledge & adoption behaviour of flower growers, in present study, refers the extent of improved flower production technology and practices adopted by the flower growers under NHM programme on their farm as per the recommendation. To measure the level of adoption behaviour, adoption index was developed which consisted of 14 practices. The perusal of data with respect to level of overall knowledge & Adoption of flower growers in respect of floriculture package of practices revealed that, the highest proportion of the flower growers about floriculture package of practices.
Transportation infrastructure is the key element for the growth of any country and is essential f... more Transportation infrastructure is the key element for the growth of any country and is essential for good physical connectivity in very small villages, remote areas and hilly areas can be accessed only by roads. " Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna " (PMGSY) – it was estimated that about 330,000 out of its 825,000 villages and habitations were without any all-weather road access. This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It is under the authority of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and began on 25 December 2000. It is fully funded by the Central Government. For executing the transportation facilities, the quality of a pavement depends on the strength of its soil sub-grade. Soil is very basic and important element in civil engineering field. Usually each structure depends on the type and characteristics of foundation which depends on type of soil. Basically black cotton soil is Jha :: An Experimental Study on Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash and Randomly Distributed Sisal Fibres rather a difficult one to use in foundation because of its shrinkage and swelling properties.There are many methods to make black cotton soil stable for various constructions. Black cotton soil is comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil. There are two ways to enhance the quality of subgrade soil-" Replacement of soil " or " Soil stabilization ". Soil stabilization can be done chemically or mechanically. Chemical stabilization is carried out by adding different chemicals in suitable proportion, while Mechanical stabilization is achieved by addition of admixtures which helps to improve the properties of soil. Today, the amount of waste has increased year by year and then it becomes serious problem in disposing large quantity of agricultural waste like Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, rice husk ash and Sisal fiber etc.
Today we face lots of issues in day-today life. But there is manual process for resolving differe... more Today we face lots of issues in day-today life. But there is manual process for resolving different kinds of issues. Firstly we have to register a complaint at the local government office via manual form filling. Then that filled form is processed by the government and it takes lots of efforts, time and there is no instant assistance. Here we use GPS and GPRS for implementing various location based services. This application will be useful for tracking the issue of different department like road issue, electrical issue, water issue and other public issue.Location tracking systems including the GPS, Active Badge, Bat, Smart Floor and Cricket systems attracted a significant group of researchers during the recent decades. Android environments provide several benefits to all the Common peoples of the society as android phones are the new trend of Society. Because of its open-source nature a large number of utilities has been developed and android operating system is getting used in many phones. Because of its small-size, it can be stolen very easily and the confidential-information of any organization or personal details stored in the phone memory can be easily exposed.
Fish is a delicious food in the world. Fresh water fishes were preferred by pupil of Thanjavur. T... more Fish is a delicious food in the world. Fresh water fishes were preferred by pupil of Thanjavur. They prefer live fishes for their food. Hence culturing them is a prestigious job in these areas. A study was made to get an insight about the quality of aquatic system and the food for the growth and utilization of common four different fishes, namely Labeo rohita (Rohu), Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal), Cyprinus carpio (mirror carp) and Channa striatus (Striped murrel). Under the vermicompost media fishes were provided with earthworms as food and were analyzed for growth. The results were discussed.
Image matching refers to the automatic identification and measurement of corresponding image poin... more Image matching refers to the automatic identification and measurement of corresponding image points that are located on the overlapping area of multiple images. Matching algorithms play an important role in deciding correspondences between two image scenes. The proficiency of an image matching algorithm depends on the region of experimental set up and assumptions considered by the researchers. Several image matching techniques have been studied to address this problem. This study highlights latest methodologies and feature extraction methods used by researchers for image matching.
This paper describes a design and validation of neural network based Kannada character recognitio... more This paper describes a design and validation of neural network based Kannada character recognition system. The proposed character recognition system is robust against size, font, thickness and tilting of the characters. The proposed system recognizes printed characters in Kannada, a south Indian language. The input to the system is scanned image of base character and the output is labeling of the character. The system extracts the geometrical features and recognizes the characters using neural network back propagation algorithm. The results demonstrated are independent of the font, size and tilting of the characters and system is seen to deliver reasonable performance.
Leaked sensitive data records has amplified dramatically during the last few years, from 412 mill... more Leaked sensitive data records has amplified dramatically during the last few years, from 412 million in 2012 to 822 million in 2013 [1]. Security firms, research institutions and government organizations are the main areas facing the data leakage problem. Data leak simply means that a secret data get exposed or data leakage is the unauthorized transmission of data. Unintentional or accidental data leakage is also unauthorized. Human mistakes are one of the main causes of data leak. A person mistakenly sending a confidential message to all contacts in his e-mail is a data leak caused by human mistake. Data leakage is defined as the accidental or unintentional distribution of private or sensitive data to an illegal entity. Sensitive data in companies and organizations include intellectual property (IP), financial information, patient information, private credit-card data, and other information depending on the business and the industry. This paper proposes a data-leak detection solution environment. Can design, implement, and evaluate fingerprint technique that enhances data privacy throughout data-leak detection operations. It enables the data owner to securely delegate the content-scrutiny job to DLD providers without revealing the sensitive data.
An electrochemical machining process is a major electro-machining process with special capabiliti... more An electrochemical machining process is a major electro-machining process with special capabilities. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) give a better alternative in generating accurate three dimensional complex shaped components and components which are difficult–to-machine materials by conventional methods of machining. This review paper deals with the fundamental research on Electrochemical Machining (ECM) processes parameters optimization for higher metal removal rate (MRR) and better surface roughness (Ra). From the past observation electrochemical machining is a very effective method based on machining cost compared with conventional machining of hard materials. There are many researchers experimentally investigated to find the optimum level of machining parameters which affect the surface roughness and material removal rate are briefly reviewed in this paper.
This study focused on various affecting factors on the studentsàchievement at the secondary level... more This study focused on various affecting factors on the studentsàchievement at the secondary level in the rural, remote schools especially in the subject's mathematics and science. The sample selected for the study comprised a total of 100 students who were studying 9th standard in two rural, remote schools in Virudhunagar district.This study aims at the factors which are the routecauses for the studentsàcademic achievement focussing on their heredity, family socioeconomic ststus, cooperation from their counterparts, parent's educational status and gender differences. The results of the study revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and parents' education have a significant effect on students' over all academic achievement as well as achievement in the subjects of Mathematics and Science. The high and average socioeconomic level affects the performance more than the lower level. It is very interesting that parents' education means more than their occupation in relation to their children's academic achievements at school. It was found that female students perform better than the male students.
Education is the life long process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through both formal and ... more Education is the life long process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through both formal and informal exposure to information, ideas and experience. The purpose of education is to bring out hidden potentialities in human beings. It is a product of experience and universally acknowledged that any attempt to improve the quality of education ultimately depends on the quality of instruction imparted in the class room instruction. It is based on traditional methods which have become outmoded in the present modern world. No considerable change has been made in these instructional methods with the passage of time. Our population growth and manpower requirements have necessitated revolutionary changes in our educational system and teaching methods. If we improve the quality of education, to cope up with the challenges in education, we should pay proper attention for changing the strategy of instruction and efforts should be made to introduce new methods and evolve new techniques. Hence efforts towards providing appropriate teaching approaches suggested that yield many interesting insights and possibilities within the circumstances. Science occupies a major part of school curriculum. It is required for all pupils. In the event of teaching science effectively in our schools, our nation will be upgraded. The whole edifice of future India resets on the proper teaching of science.
Scientific attitude is a cognitive concept and is a composite of a number of mental habits or ten... more Scientific attitude is a cognitive concept and is a composite of a number of mental habits or tendencies to react consistently in certain way to a novel or problematic situation. These habits or tendencies include accuracy, intellectual honesty, open mindedness, suspended judgment, criticalness, and habit of looking for the cause and effect relationships. These habits are important for everyone in everyday life. Scientific attitude is necessary to an individual to lead a smooth and comfortable life in the society. An individual with good scientific attitude can understand the phenomena of nature and human behavior. To develop scientific attitude among students, they should be made to practice and observe science so that they get the opportunity to feel and develop the components of scientific attitude in their minds. In this context " A Study of Scientific Attitude of Secondary School Students in West Tripura District " was conducted to measure scientific attitude. For this purpose Descriptive survey method of research was used. A sample of 110 secondary school students were selected randomly from seven schools located in West Tripura district. The methodology includes 't' test.
Observational checklist is a strategy to monitor specific skills, behaviors and dispositions of i... more Observational checklist is a strategy to monitor specific skills, behaviors and dispositions of individual students or group of students in the class and it is a developing field with emerging methodologies. Observation helps to assess students' academic performance and classroom related behaviors and acts as a catalyst for monitoring the learning progress of students in particular language-learning set up. It includes noticing, marking and recording student behavior in order to distinguish something from its surroundings. This type of academic enabler helps to measure students' ability to manage their own learning and it provides rich information pertaining the patterns of the classroom practice.
Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced fr... more Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced frame system, the damage is more uniformly distributed over the height. However structures taller than 8-storey are prone to lateral drift amplification due to the higher mode effects. In this study, in order to control the lateral drift, it is proposed to add a set of outrigger trusses at various storey level and to locate the optimum location. Accordingly, in this study G+40 storey steel building is varied with double diagonal bracing and chevron bracing along with varying positioning of outrigger location, in a high risk seismic zone IV and soil type II. Response spectrum analyses conducted in ETABS software are considered in this study to analyze the behavior of the steel frame building with double diagonal bracings and chevron bracings with combination of outriggers at different storey levels in the G+40 storey building. I. INTRODUCTION People from rural areas are migrating to cities due to the Industrial Revolution, the availability of jobs and facilities. Therefore metro cities are very densely populated. Availability of land has decreased and the price of the land has increased. To solve this problem the use of multistorey building is needed. However, such provisions only increase the weight and live load of the structure along with earthquake forces. With an increase in the amount of stress, strain, deformation and displacement in the structure there is ultimately increases in the cost of construction due to the increased sectional elements. Obviously, bare frames are to be more flexible and have great section requirement to withstand the forces induced. The same can be minimized by making the structure more rigid, but it appears to be not feasible and also uneconomical. The lateral stability in the overall framework can be improved by using bracing systems. The bracing members of such braced frame act as truss system to resist lateral forces and are subjected primarily to axial stress in the elastic range. The efficiency of the braced frame structure can be further more increased by introducing braced frames with outrigger system. To increase the strength and stiffness of steel frames and composite frames the use of Steel bracing is comparatively effective. It reduces the forces caused by earthquake and also makes the structure very good in absorbing energy. The structures will safely resist forces and deformations due to severe ground motions which are good in energy dissipation. There are two types of Steel Bracing System such as, a) Concentric bracing system. b) Eccentric bracing system Mentioned below are the bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames, 1. Double diagonal Bracing / X bracing 2. Chevron bracing /Inverted V bracing 3. V-bracing 4. K-bracing 5. Single diagonal bracing The idea of use of outrigger is nowadays often utilized in tall structures. In this idea, "outrigger " frames (sometimes, girders) are extended from the core to columns that resist lateral load at the exterior section of the building. The center or core of the building may comprise of either shear walls or trusses. It leads to an extremely efficient use of the structural materials by improving the axial strength and stiffness of exterior columns to resist part of the overturning moment produced by lateral forces. The bracing system comprising of core with outriggers is most effective for tall structures in development of strengths against wind and earthquake loads. In this way, the flexible nature of tall structures can be reduced and also the structure will have controlled displacement and inter-storey drift. The incorporation of the outrigger to the concrete core can be
Reinforced Concrete is most commonly used material in Civil Engineering works. It is essential to... more Reinforced Concrete is most commonly used material in Civil Engineering works. It is essential to have sufficient strength and stiffness in the existing structures, several Pre-stressed Concrete (PSC) are designed without proper code necessities so they provide inadequate structural performance in order to avoid this they have to be upgraded to increase load carrying capacity. In this experiment post-tensioned beam was strengthened by BFRP fabric. The objective of this work is to analyse the behaviour of post tension beams such as deflection, ultimate load carrying capacity and cracks. To accomplish this post tensioned beams of size 1300mmX150mmX200mm were casted according to IS 1343-1980 regulations and tested experimentally less than two point loading. The beams were allocated as Control beam, Post Tensioned beam, Strengthen beam and Retrofitted beam. The conclusion was discussed based on load deflection curve plotted. From experiment results the increase in load carrying capacity and the reduction in cracks and deflection for strengthen beams can be observed. Beam strengthens with double layer BFRP have additional load carrying capacity and reduction in deflection compared to other beams.
Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced fr... more Braced frame structures provide high stiffness and moderate ductility. By employing the braced frame system, the damage is more uniformly distributed over the height. However structures taller than 8-storey are prone to lateral drift amplification due to the higher mode effects. In this study, in order to control the lateral drift, it is proposed to add a set of outrigger trusses at various storey level and to locate the optimum location. Accordingly, in this study G+40 storey steel building is varied with double diagonal bracing and chevron bracing along with varying positioning of outrigger location, in a high risk seismic zone IV and soil type II. Response spectrum analyses conducted in ETABS software are considered in this study to analyze the behavior of the steel frame building with double diagonal bracings and chevron bracings with combination of outriggers at different storey levels in the G+40 storey building. I. INTRODUCTION People from rural areas are migrating to cities due to the Industrial Revolution, the availability of jobs and facilities. Therefore metro cities are very densely populated. Availability of land has decreased and the price of the land has increased. To solve this problem the use of multistorey building is needed. However, such provisions only increase the weight and live load of the structure along with earthquake forces. With an increase in the amount of stress, strain, deformation and displacement in the structure there is ultimately increases in the cost of construction due to the increased sectional elements. Obviously, bare frames are to be more flexible and have great section requirement to withstand the forces induced. The same can be minimized by making the structure more rigid, but it appears to be not feasible and also uneconomical. The lateral stability in the overall framework can be improved by using bracing systems. The bracing members of such braced frame act as truss system to resist lateral forces and are subjected primarily to axial stress in the elastic range. The efficiency of the braced frame structure can be further more increased by introducing braced frames with outrigger system. To increase the strength and stiffness of steel frames and composite frames the use of Steel bracing is comparatively effective. It reduces the forces caused by earthquake and also makes the structure very good in absorbing energy. The structures will safely resist forces and deformations due to severe ground motions which are good in energy dissipation. There are two types of Steel Bracing System such as, a) Concentric bracing system. b) Eccentric bracing system Mentioned below are the bracing schemes for concentrically braced frames, 1. Double diagonal Bracing / X bracing 2. Chevron bracing /Inverted V bracing 3. V-bracing 4. K-bracing 5. Single diagonal bracing The idea of use of outrigger is nowadays often utilized in tall structures. In this idea, "outrigger " frames (sometimes, girders) are extended from the core to columns that resist lateral load at the exterior section of the building. The center or core of the building may comprise of either shear walls or trusses. It leads to an extremely efficient use of the structural materials by improving the axial strength and stiffness of exterior columns to resist part of the overturning moment produced by lateral forces. The bracing system comprising of core with outriggers is most effective for tall structures in development of strengths against wind and earthquake loads. In this way, the flexible nature of tall structures can be reduced and also the structure will have controlled displacement and inter-storey drift. The incorporation of the outrigger to the concrete core can be
Nephroophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that contributes the most frequen... more Nephroophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease that contributes the most frequent genetic cause of End stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is a rare disorder that affects 9/13 million and accounts for 10-25% of these patients. There are three clinical forms of Nephroophthisis which have been distinguished depending upon the onset of ESKD-1) Infantile, 2) Juvenile and 3) Adolescent which manifests ESKD at the age of 1, 13 and 19 years respectively. We report an autopsy case in 11 years old boy that had history of chronic kidney disease. The gross examination of bilateral kidneys showed uniform granular and finely scarred surface with adherent capsule at places. Multiple small medullary cysts up to size 8mm were seen on cut-surface. The histological findings of examined slides from the representative's areas showed extensive sclerosis of glomeruli, peri-glomerular fibrosis, interstitial chronic infiltrate of lymphocytes and few plasma cells. There are also areas showing tubular dilatation and cystic changes involving distal tubules and collecting ducts. Thus findings of gross and histological features confirmed the diagnosis of Nephroophthisis Hence it should always be kept in mind while dealing with ESKD at an early age.
Constructions methods being practiced in urban centers are with reinforced concrete (RC) frames b... more Constructions methods being practiced in urban centers are with reinforced concrete (RC) frames being in-filled with brick or concrete block masonry. The behavior of RC frames under gravity loads is well understood and hence only the mass of MI is being considered in the analysis of such frames. The lateral load response of MI-RC frame resulting due to wind or seismic loads is largely influenced due to the high lateral stiffness and strength contributed by MI and they also influence the post yield response of the structural system significantly. This thesis highlights the influence of brick masonry infill on the design values of MI-RC frames under various load combinations as prescribed by the Indian seismic code depending on the type of modeling technique adopted to model the MI-RC frames. Analytical modelling has been discussed for various types of masonry infills and feasible one is modelling as diagonal strut element is recommended using finite element software. Afreen Taj, T S Sahana, Sreekeshava K S :: Analytical Studies on The Modelling of Masonry-Infill Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Lateral Loads I. INTRODUCTION Buildings are structurally designed to support anticipated loads adequately and safely in addition to fulfill clients' needs which include functional and aesthetic requirements. Many reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are constructed with masonry infill. Masonry infill (MI) are often used to fill the void between the vertical and horizontal elements of the building frames with the assumption that these MI will not take part in resisting any kind of load either axial or lateral; hence its significance in the analysis of RC frame is generally neglected. Moreover, non-availability of realistic and simple analytical models of MI becomes another hurdle for its consideration in analysis. In fact, an infill wall enhances considerably the strength and rigidity of the structure. It has been recognized that RC frames with MI have more strength and rigidity in comparison to the bared frames and the ignorance of MI has become the cause of failure of many multi-storied buildings. The primary function of MI is either to protect the inside of the structure from the environment (rain, snow, wind, etc.) or to divide inside spaces. In either case, common practice has always been to ignore MI during the design and analysis of steel/reinforced concrete frame structures. However, MI tends to interact with the surrounding RC frame when the structure is subjected to lateral loads.
Teachers are responsible to guide students to learn by providing clear directions and explanation... more Teachers are responsible to guide students to learn by providing clear directions and explanations in order to educate the future generation. In the present study the investigator has attempted to study the self-esteem of secondary teacher education students. The sample consisted of 900 secondary teacher education students, who were studying B.Ed. degree in Colleges of Education at Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari and Thoothukudi district and the investigator adopted the normative survey method. The findings of the study were, i) No significant difference was found between male and female students in their self-esteem and its dimensions and ii) significant difference was found between married and unmarried secondary teacher education students in their self-esteem and its dimensions.
India has an ancient heritage of floriculture. Commercial floriculture however is of recent origi... more India has an ancient heritage of floriculture. Commercial floriculture however is of recent origin. Still 98.5% of flowers are grown under open cultivation and hardly 1.5% flowers are grown under greenhouse. The commercial floriculture is now recognized as an important sector with the potential for generating employment and earning valuable foreign exchange. There has been tremendous growth in the demand and consumption of floriculture products in the last two decades therefore the study was conducted in Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. Ujjain district is one of the important flower growing districts and hence, considered under National Horticultural Mission (NHM) programme by taking 120 flower growers. Knowledge & adoption behaviour of flower growers, in present study, refers the extent of improved flower production technology and practices adopted by the flower growers under NHM programme on their farm as per the recommendation. To measure the level of adoption behaviour, adoption index was developed which consisted of 14 practices. The perusal of data with respect to level of overall knowledge & Adoption of flower growers in respect of floriculture package of practices revealed that, the highest proportion of the flower growers about floriculture package of practices.
Transportation infrastructure is the key element for the growth of any country and is essential f... more Transportation infrastructure is the key element for the growth of any country and is essential for good physical connectivity in very small villages, remote areas and hilly areas can be accessed only by roads. " Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna " (PMGSY) – it was estimated that about 330,000 out of its 825,000 villages and habitations were without any all-weather road access. This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the Prime Minister of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It is under the authority of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and began on 25 December 2000. It is fully funded by the Central Government. For executing the transportation facilities, the quality of a pavement depends on the strength of its soil sub-grade. Soil is very basic and important element in civil engineering field. Usually each structure depends on the type and characteristics of foundation which depends on type of soil. Basically black cotton soil is Jha :: An Experimental Study on Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash and Randomly Distributed Sisal Fibres rather a difficult one to use in foundation because of its shrinkage and swelling properties.There are many methods to make black cotton soil stable for various constructions. Black cotton soil is comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil. There are two ways to enhance the quality of subgrade soil-" Replacement of soil " or " Soil stabilization ". Soil stabilization can be done chemically or mechanically. Chemical stabilization is carried out by adding different chemicals in suitable proportion, while Mechanical stabilization is achieved by addition of admixtures which helps to improve the properties of soil. Today, the amount of waste has increased year by year and then it becomes serious problem in disposing large quantity of agricultural waste like Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, rice husk ash and Sisal fiber etc.
Today we face lots of issues in day-today life. But there is manual process for resolving differe... more Today we face lots of issues in day-today life. But there is manual process for resolving different kinds of issues. Firstly we have to register a complaint at the local government office via manual form filling. Then that filled form is processed by the government and it takes lots of efforts, time and there is no instant assistance. Here we use GPS and GPRS for implementing various location based services. This application will be useful for tracking the issue of different department like road issue, electrical issue, water issue and other public issue.Location tracking systems including the GPS, Active Badge, Bat, Smart Floor and Cricket systems attracted a significant group of researchers during the recent decades. Android environments provide several benefits to all the Common peoples of the society as android phones are the new trend of Society. Because of its open-source nature a large number of utilities has been developed and android operating system is getting used in many phones. Because of its small-size, it can be stolen very easily and the confidential-information of any organization or personal details stored in the phone memory can be easily exposed.
Fish is a delicious food in the world. Fresh water fishes were preferred by pupil of Thanjavur. T... more Fish is a delicious food in the world. Fresh water fishes were preferred by pupil of Thanjavur. They prefer live fishes for their food. Hence culturing them is a prestigious job in these areas. A study was made to get an insight about the quality of aquatic system and the food for the growth and utilization of common four different fishes, namely Labeo rohita (Rohu), Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal), Cyprinus carpio (mirror carp) and Channa striatus (Striped murrel). Under the vermicompost media fishes were provided with earthworms as food and were analyzed for growth. The results were discussed.
Image matching refers to the automatic identification and measurement of corresponding image poin... more Image matching refers to the automatic identification and measurement of corresponding image points that are located on the overlapping area of multiple images. Matching algorithms play an important role in deciding correspondences between two image scenes. The proficiency of an image matching algorithm depends on the region of experimental set up and assumptions considered by the researchers. Several image matching techniques have been studied to address this problem. This study highlights latest methodologies and feature extraction methods used by researchers for image matching.
This paper describes a design and validation of neural network based Kannada character recognitio... more This paper describes a design and validation of neural network based Kannada character recognition system. The proposed character recognition system is robust against size, font, thickness and tilting of the characters. The proposed system recognizes printed characters in Kannada, a south Indian language. The input to the system is scanned image of base character and the output is labeling of the character. The system extracts the geometrical features and recognizes the characters using neural network back propagation algorithm. The results demonstrated are independent of the font, size and tilting of the characters and system is seen to deliver reasonable performance.
Leaked sensitive data records has amplified dramatically during the last few years, from 412 mill... more Leaked sensitive data records has amplified dramatically during the last few years, from 412 million in 2012 to 822 million in 2013 [1]. Security firms, research institutions and government organizations are the main areas facing the data leakage problem. Data leak simply means that a secret data get exposed or data leakage is the unauthorized transmission of data. Unintentional or accidental data leakage is also unauthorized. Human mistakes are one of the main causes of data leak. A person mistakenly sending a confidential message to all contacts in his e-mail is a data leak caused by human mistake. Data leakage is defined as the accidental or unintentional distribution of private or sensitive data to an illegal entity. Sensitive data in companies and organizations include intellectual property (IP), financial information, patient information, private credit-card data, and other information depending on the business and the industry. This paper proposes a data-leak detection solution environment. Can design, implement, and evaluate fingerprint technique that enhances data privacy throughout data-leak detection operations. It enables the data owner to securely delegate the content-scrutiny job to DLD providers without revealing the sensitive data.
An electrochemical machining process is a major electro-machining process with special capabiliti... more An electrochemical machining process is a major electro-machining process with special capabilities. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) give a better alternative in generating accurate three dimensional complex shaped components and components which are difficult–to-machine materials by conventional methods of machining. This review paper deals with the fundamental research on Electrochemical Machining (ECM) processes parameters optimization for higher metal removal rate (MRR) and better surface roughness (Ra). From the past observation electrochemical machining is a very effective method based on machining cost compared with conventional machining of hard materials. There are many researchers experimentally investigated to find the optimum level of machining parameters which affect the surface roughness and material removal rate are briefly reviewed in this paper.
This study focused on various affecting factors on the studentsàchievement at the secondary level... more This study focused on various affecting factors on the studentsàchievement at the secondary level in the rural, remote schools especially in the subject's mathematics and science. The sample selected for the study comprised a total of 100 students who were studying 9th standard in two rural, remote schools in Virudhunagar district.This study aims at the factors which are the routecauses for the studentsàcademic achievement focussing on their heredity, family socioeconomic ststus, cooperation from their counterparts, parent's educational status and gender differences. The results of the study revealed that socioeconomic status (SES) and parents' education have a significant effect on students' over all academic achievement as well as achievement in the subjects of Mathematics and Science. The high and average socioeconomic level affects the performance more than the lower level. It is very interesting that parents' education means more than their occupation in relation to their children's academic achievements at school. It was found that female students perform better than the male students.
Education is the life long process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through both formal and ... more Education is the life long process of acquiring new knowledge and skills through both formal and informal exposure to information, ideas and experience. The purpose of education is to bring out hidden potentialities in human beings. It is a product of experience and universally acknowledged that any attempt to improve the quality of education ultimately depends on the quality of instruction imparted in the class room instruction. It is based on traditional methods which have become outmoded in the present modern world. No considerable change has been made in these instructional methods with the passage of time. Our population growth and manpower requirements have necessitated revolutionary changes in our educational system and teaching methods. If we improve the quality of education, to cope up with the challenges in education, we should pay proper attention for changing the strategy of instruction and efforts should be made to introduce new methods and evolve new techniques. Hence efforts towards providing appropriate teaching approaches suggested that yield many interesting insights and possibilities within the circumstances. Science occupies a major part of school curriculum. It is required for all pupils. In the event of teaching science effectively in our schools, our nation will be upgraded. The whole edifice of future India resets on the proper teaching of science.
Scientific attitude is a cognitive concept and is a composite of a number of mental habits or ten... more Scientific attitude is a cognitive concept and is a composite of a number of mental habits or tendencies to react consistently in certain way to a novel or problematic situation. These habits or tendencies include accuracy, intellectual honesty, open mindedness, suspended judgment, criticalness, and habit of looking for the cause and effect relationships. These habits are important for everyone in everyday life. Scientific attitude is necessary to an individual to lead a smooth and comfortable life in the society. An individual with good scientific attitude can understand the phenomena of nature and human behavior. To develop scientific attitude among students, they should be made to practice and observe science so that they get the opportunity to feel and develop the components of scientific attitude in their minds. In this context " A Study of Scientific Attitude of Secondary School Students in West Tripura District " was conducted to measure scientific attitude. For this purpose Descriptive survey method of research was used. A sample of 110 secondary school students were selected randomly from seven schools located in West Tripura district. The methodology includes 't' test.
Uploads