Sauropod and theropod dinosaurs probably exhibit one of the scarcest fossil records in the Late C... more Sauropod and theropod dinosaurs probably exhibit one of the scarcest fossil records in the Late Cretaceous of the Pyrenees in contrast to the great abundance of hadrosaur fossils. Recent excavatfons of a new Maastrichtian vertebrate locality at the Tremp Formafion deposits from Vallcebre syncline (Catalonia, southern Pyrenees) bring new data about these taxa. Fossils from Peguera-1 locality include disarticulated fore and hind-limb bones of a sauropod, thetopod ·and crocodile tooth, and eggshell fragments. They are associated with ferruginous concretions, abundant root traces and scattered bones. Sauropod humeri and femora, which usually lack epiphysis ends, have an estimated total length of 120 and 170 cm, respectively. This clearly indicates a large-sized sauropod, in agreement with hip height estimations (260-280 cm) from the nearby Fumanya titanosaur track record. The almost thirty small and serrated theropod teeth associated with sauropod bone limbs include various morphotypes ...
... a excepción de los fragmentos de un tron-co carbonizado y de una hoja de palme-ra (familia Ar... more ... a excepción de los fragmentos de un tron-co carbonizado y de una hoja de palme-ra (familia Arecaceae, afín al género Sabalites) de edad Maastrichtiense y pro-cedentes de las minas de la cuenca ligni-tífera de Fígols-Vallcebre. ... Josep Marmi, Pere Barniol y Lluís Viladrich ...
ABSTRACT The history of turtle lineage began around 225 Mya. Since then, this group of reptiles d... more ABSTRACT The history of turtle lineage began around 225 Mya. Since then, this group of reptiles developed diverse ecological strategies and colonized a wide range of environments, from marine to fully terrestrial habitats. In spite of its their great ecological diversity, the bauplan of turtles is peculiar and little variable, with a body encased in a rigid shell consisting of a dorsal carapace and a ventral plastron. This fact has made the morphological comparison of turtles with other vertebrates very complicate. Thus, the understanding of the origins and phylogenetic relationships of turtles within the Amniota and the evolution of turtle biology are stimulating challenges for researchers. Several attempts in order to resolve these mysteries have been carried out from a multidisciplinary approach, but lacks consensus. The knowledge of the evolutionary history of turtle species and their inclusive groups is relevant for their conservation management, especially taking into account that many species are among moderate and high risk of extinction. In this chapter, we update and review the state of the art of the systematics of turtles from the point of view of several often conflicting disciplines, embryology, morphology, paleontology and molecular systematics. In addition, we sound out the amount of threatened phylogenetic diversity in the turtle tree of life based on fossil evidence, recent phylogenetic hypotheses and data from the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Sauropod and theropod dinosaurs probably exhibit one of the scarcest fossil records in the Late C... more Sauropod and theropod dinosaurs probably exhibit one of the scarcest fossil records in the Late Cretaceous of the Pyrenees in contrast to the great abundance of hadrosaur fossils. Recent excavatfons of a new Maastrichtian vertebrate locality at the Tremp Formafion deposits from Vallcebre syncline (Catalonia, southern Pyrenees) bring new data about these taxa. Fossils from Peguera-1 locality include disarticulated fore and hind-limb bones of a sauropod, thetopod ·and crocodile tooth, and eggshell fragments. They are associated with ferruginous concretions, abundant root traces and scattered bones. Sauropod humeri and femora, which usually lack epiphysis ends, have an estimated total length of 120 and 170 cm, respectively. This clearly indicates a large-sized sauropod, in agreement with hip height estimations (260-280 cm) from the nearby Fumanya titanosaur track record. The almost thirty small and serrated theropod teeth associated with sauropod bone limbs include various morphotypes ...
... a excepción de los fragmentos de un tron-co carbonizado y de una hoja de palme-ra (familia Ar... more ... a excepción de los fragmentos de un tron-co carbonizado y de una hoja de palme-ra (familia Arecaceae, afín al género Sabalites) de edad Maastrichtiense y pro-cedentes de las minas de la cuenca ligni-tífera de Fígols-Vallcebre. ... Josep Marmi, Pere Barniol y Lluís Viladrich ...
ABSTRACT The history of turtle lineage began around 225 Mya. Since then, this group of reptiles d... more ABSTRACT The history of turtle lineage began around 225 Mya. Since then, this group of reptiles developed diverse ecological strategies and colonized a wide range of environments, from marine to fully terrestrial habitats. In spite of its their great ecological diversity, the bauplan of turtles is peculiar and little variable, with a body encased in a rigid shell consisting of a dorsal carapace and a ventral plastron. This fact has made the morphological comparison of turtles with other vertebrates very complicate. Thus, the understanding of the origins and phylogenetic relationships of turtles within the Amniota and the evolution of turtle biology are stimulating challenges for researchers. Several attempts in order to resolve these mysteries have been carried out from a multidisciplinary approach, but lacks consensus. The knowledge of the evolutionary history of turtle species and their inclusive groups is relevant for their conservation management, especially taking into account that many species are among moderate and high risk of extinction. In this chapter, we update and review the state of the art of the systematics of turtles from the point of view of several often conflicting disciplines, embryology, morphology, paleontology and molecular systematics. In addition, we sound out the amount of threatened phylogenetic diversity in the turtle tree of life based on fossil evidence, recent phylogenetic hypotheses and data from the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
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