Independent researcher (not institutionalized) who is challenging accepted thermodynamic principles which is too often based upon mathematical implications over logic. This applies to both entropy and the second law, both of which are mathematical contrivances. Moreover all that was explained using these contrivances can be explained in other first principle based terms. Providing simpler constructive logic based reasoning is the easy part. Convincing other trained in traditional thermodynamics to rethink what they believe is the hard part. It is a sad state that those who mentor the sciences do not appreciate true open mindedness.Whether you call it arrogance or human nature, it has to stop! Phone: 613-226-5915 Address: Ottawa Canada
As a science structured around entropy, classical thermodynamics is filled with inconsistencies. ... more As a science structured around entropy, classical thermodynamics is filled with inconsistencies. Beyond its mathematical implications, entropy possesses no clear universal lucidity. Entropy's various interpretations tend to be application-dependent. Thermal entropy was devised in the 19th century by Clausius to enhance one's understanding of the relationship between energy and work. The accepted theory of work done by expanding systems has been strictly expressed in terms of that expanding system's parameters, which is non-sensible. A sensible second theorization of work will be discussed based on the facts that work is always external to the system performing that work and that an expanding system needs to lift the overlying atmosphere's mass. These two different mathematical interpretations of work will be discussed, along with the cataclysmic implications for accepted thermodynamics. Occam's razor points to sensible work, as presented herein.
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics, 2024
The accepted kinetic theory forms a basis for modern thermodynamics and is mathematically based u... more The accepted kinetic theory forms a basis for modern thermodynamics and is mathematically based upon equipartition and degrees of freedom. It remains plagued with the necessity of numerous degrees of freedom exceptions for it to explain both empirically determined heat capacities and adiabatic indexes. Furthermore, assuming kT/2 per degree of freedom is to accept that a gas molecule possesses a specified energy without providing any clarity concerning that energy's origins. Energy without an origin contravenes the first law of thermodynamics. This author's previously published superior fit kinetic theory will be clarified and elaborated upon. This includes showing that this revised kinetic theory is a superior fit to both known heat capacities and adiabatic indexes. Not only is it a superior fit that does not rely upon any exceptions, this author's kinetic theory also provides insight into the actual sources of a gas molecule's energy. Furthermore, clarity concerning the difference between isometric (isochoric) and isobaric heat capacities in terms of sensible work will be discussed, along withits likely empirical verification.
Traditional thermodynamics explains what is witnessed when heating matter, at both low and high ... more Traditional thermodynamics explains what is witnessed when heating matter, at both low and high temperatures, in terms of changes in heat capacities. To enhance our understanding, what constitutes thermal energy will be analyzed. It will then be demonstrated that it is actually the relationship between thermal energy density and temperature that changes, thus allowing heat capacities to theoretically remain constants.
Herein we investigate the pressure within a bubble, if we consider all the cohesive forces as wit... more Herein we investigate the pressure within a bubble, if we consider all the cohesive forces as witnessed by the bubble. It is a simple approximation. Even as an approximation it explains much of what we witness in experiments. It is a continuation of my paper "Energetics of Nucleation". I plan on releasing a book form version in the future, which will be Part 2. For now I invite you to see my book on a new thermodynamics, that being Part 1 of this series. A shocking book which turns thermodynamics on its head. see: www.new-thermodynamics.com
Entropy remains part of so many thermodynamics relations, yet its true identity lacks clarity. We... more Entropy remains part of so many thermodynamics relations, yet its true identity lacks clarity. We shall show that entropy may be nothing more than a mathematical contrivance, one that is illogically used to explain too many phenomena. In so doing, we shall question many traditional thermodynamic conceptualizations, as well as provide a unique understanding as to how Boltzmann’s constant relates to a system’s ability to do work.
Pictet's experiment was front and center in the 18th/19th century debate concerning whether heat ... more Pictet's experiment was front and center in the 18th/19th century debate concerning whether heat is a wave, or a particle. Pictet's experiment is best understood by realizing that thermal radiation energy plays a significant role in heat transfer. It is argued that this readily ignored experiment should have long ago alerted us to issues concerning our understanding of thermodynamics. This questions the rationale behind modern statistical thermodynamics, which describes all of a gaseous system's energy purely in terms of the kinematics of that system's gas. Not only is the philosophy of statistical mechanics now questioned but so too are those associated with entropy and its mathematical accomplice the second law. After raising questions, a simpler explanation as to what is witnessed will be discussed. An explanation that relegates statistical mechanics to a valid approximation for sufficiently dilute closed systems of gas, such as those often used in experiments. An explanation that remains void of the mathematical simplifications that statistical mechanics provides. Ultimately, the accepted epistemology of our sciences will be verbally challenged.
The notion of entropy is already more than 150 years old. During all this time, there have been m... more The notion of entropy is already more than 150 years old. During all this time, there have been many different interpretations and re-definitions of the concept. Even today, there is not a clear consensus about entropy and the enunciation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Several different reviews have been published, describing not only the history of entropy, but also the wide variety of opinions and criticisms that have emerged. We wanted to summarize some of the most important contributions to the development of the present understanding of entropy. We also wanted to indicate that all definitions of entropy are equally valid, considering that they are just mathematical definitions. It is not possible to validate or reject the existence of any definition of entropy. This also raises serious questions regarding the true physical existence of entropy. Were entropy a physical entity, it would probably be a reincarnation of the old "caloric". Even if entropy did not have a tangible physical counterpart, this concept remains useful for many different areas of science and engineering; of course, which particular definition of entropy is used should be clearly stated.
Thermodynamics embraces both the concepts of entropy and enthalpy. Strangely, both concepts expre... more Thermodynamics embraces both the concepts of entropy and enthalpy. Strangely, both concepts express work done by an expanding system in terms of W=PdV, without providing the necessary clarity concerning what PdV actually represents. In this report, we shall discuss that such work is external to the expanding system. This means that one should question the validity of accepted notions in thermodynamics including those concerning both enthalpy and enthalpy.
Radiative heat transfer is currently thought of only in terms of photons as EM waves interacting ... more Radiative heat transfer is currently thought of only in terms of photons as EM waves interacting with a molecule’s lopsided charge distributions. This and infrared spectrometry have rendered the claim that both oxygen and nitrogen are transparent to infrared radiation. This has emboldened the greenhouse effect. Photons acting as particles hence transferring their momentum/energy onto gases is discussed. This phenomenon has been witnessed (but not troposphere acknowledged) in various experiments. Importantly, this changes how one models climate change. As shown by their heat capacities, all polyatomic gases absorb heat. This includes O2 and N2 which constitute 99% of our atmosphere. Our whole atmosphere becomes both Earth’s thermal blanket, and the heat sink for human activities. It will be shown that man’s energy use does explain what has been witnessed in climate change. Namely, when compared to our Sun’s energy that reaches Earth’s surface, man’s energy use results in a minimum of 0.6 oC temperature increase in the lower.
Reality involves inelastic collisions, thus one must consider both a system's radiation and its k... more Reality involves inelastic collisions, thus one must consider both a system's radiation and its kinematics, as part of any system's energy. Since most closed gaseous system's energy is dominated by its kinematic energy, one can often ignore its radiation energy. A closed system's energy is recycled back into the system via its walls, hence allowing statistical thermodynamics to be used as a mathematical approximation, i.e., creates the illusion of elastic collisions. This illusion exists in most experimental systems, thus reenforcing traditional theory's considerations, all of which are based upon idealistic elastic collision. In open systems there is no complete recycling of energy. Hence, the statistical based approximations can lose its validity. It is in open systems where perpetual motion does not exist, which has been traditionally explained in terms of the second law, a law whose mathematical construct is limited to systems where the illusion of elastic collisions exists. Note that other explanations will be presented. Other, illusions do exist. For example, the illusion of reversibility prevents us from realizing that the magnitude of the latent heat of vaporization is greater than that of the latent heat of condensation. This also explains Loschmidt's paradox. A new understanding for Boltzmann constant will be given.
As a science structured around entropy, classical thermodynamics is filled with inconsistencies. ... more As a science structured around entropy, classical thermodynamics is filled with inconsistencies. Beyond its mathematical implications, entropy possesses no clear universal lucidity. Entropy's various interpretations tend to be application-dependent. Thermal entropy was devised in the 19th century by Clausius to enhance one's understanding of the relationship between energy and work. The accepted theory of work done by expanding systems has been strictly expressed in terms of that expanding system's parameters, which is non-sensible. A sensible second theorization of work will be discussed based on the facts that work is always external to the system performing that work and that an expanding system needs to lift the overlying atmosphere's mass. These two different mathematical interpretations of work will be discussed, along with the cataclysmic implications for accepted thermodynamics. Occam's razor points to sensible work, as presented herein.
International Journal of Recent advances in Physics, 2024
The accepted kinetic theory forms a basis for modern thermodynamics and is mathematically based u... more The accepted kinetic theory forms a basis for modern thermodynamics and is mathematically based upon equipartition and degrees of freedom. It remains plagued with the necessity of numerous degrees of freedom exceptions for it to explain both empirically determined heat capacities and adiabatic indexes. Furthermore, assuming kT/2 per degree of freedom is to accept that a gas molecule possesses a specified energy without providing any clarity concerning that energy's origins. Energy without an origin contravenes the first law of thermodynamics. This author's previously published superior fit kinetic theory will be clarified and elaborated upon. This includes showing that this revised kinetic theory is a superior fit to both known heat capacities and adiabatic indexes. Not only is it a superior fit that does not rely upon any exceptions, this author's kinetic theory also provides insight into the actual sources of a gas molecule's energy. Furthermore, clarity concerning the difference between isometric (isochoric) and isobaric heat capacities in terms of sensible work will be discussed, along withits likely empirical verification.
Traditional thermodynamics explains what is witnessed when heating matter, at both low and high ... more Traditional thermodynamics explains what is witnessed when heating matter, at both low and high temperatures, in terms of changes in heat capacities. To enhance our understanding, what constitutes thermal energy will be analyzed. It will then be demonstrated that it is actually the relationship between thermal energy density and temperature that changes, thus allowing heat capacities to theoretically remain constants.
Herein we investigate the pressure within a bubble, if we consider all the cohesive forces as wit... more Herein we investigate the pressure within a bubble, if we consider all the cohesive forces as witnessed by the bubble. It is a simple approximation. Even as an approximation it explains much of what we witness in experiments. It is a continuation of my paper "Energetics of Nucleation". I plan on releasing a book form version in the future, which will be Part 2. For now I invite you to see my book on a new thermodynamics, that being Part 1 of this series. A shocking book which turns thermodynamics on its head. see: www.new-thermodynamics.com
Entropy remains part of so many thermodynamics relations, yet its true identity lacks clarity. We... more Entropy remains part of so many thermodynamics relations, yet its true identity lacks clarity. We shall show that entropy may be nothing more than a mathematical contrivance, one that is illogically used to explain too many phenomena. In so doing, we shall question many traditional thermodynamic conceptualizations, as well as provide a unique understanding as to how Boltzmann’s constant relates to a system’s ability to do work.
Pictet's experiment was front and center in the 18th/19th century debate concerning whether heat ... more Pictet's experiment was front and center in the 18th/19th century debate concerning whether heat is a wave, or a particle. Pictet's experiment is best understood by realizing that thermal radiation energy plays a significant role in heat transfer. It is argued that this readily ignored experiment should have long ago alerted us to issues concerning our understanding of thermodynamics. This questions the rationale behind modern statistical thermodynamics, which describes all of a gaseous system's energy purely in terms of the kinematics of that system's gas. Not only is the philosophy of statistical mechanics now questioned but so too are those associated with entropy and its mathematical accomplice the second law. After raising questions, a simpler explanation as to what is witnessed will be discussed. An explanation that relegates statistical mechanics to a valid approximation for sufficiently dilute closed systems of gas, such as those often used in experiments. An explanation that remains void of the mathematical simplifications that statistical mechanics provides. Ultimately, the accepted epistemology of our sciences will be verbally challenged.
The notion of entropy is already more than 150 years old. During all this time, there have been m... more The notion of entropy is already more than 150 years old. During all this time, there have been many different interpretations and re-definitions of the concept. Even today, there is not a clear consensus about entropy and the enunciation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Several different reviews have been published, describing not only the history of entropy, but also the wide variety of opinions and criticisms that have emerged. We wanted to summarize some of the most important contributions to the development of the present understanding of entropy. We also wanted to indicate that all definitions of entropy are equally valid, considering that they are just mathematical definitions. It is not possible to validate or reject the existence of any definition of entropy. This also raises serious questions regarding the true physical existence of entropy. Were entropy a physical entity, it would probably be a reincarnation of the old "caloric". Even if entropy did not have a tangible physical counterpart, this concept remains useful for many different areas of science and engineering; of course, which particular definition of entropy is used should be clearly stated.
Thermodynamics embraces both the concepts of entropy and enthalpy. Strangely, both concepts expre... more Thermodynamics embraces both the concepts of entropy and enthalpy. Strangely, both concepts express work done by an expanding system in terms of W=PdV, without providing the necessary clarity concerning what PdV actually represents. In this report, we shall discuss that such work is external to the expanding system. This means that one should question the validity of accepted notions in thermodynamics including those concerning both enthalpy and enthalpy.
Radiative heat transfer is currently thought of only in terms of photons as EM waves interacting ... more Radiative heat transfer is currently thought of only in terms of photons as EM waves interacting with a molecule’s lopsided charge distributions. This and infrared spectrometry have rendered the claim that both oxygen and nitrogen are transparent to infrared radiation. This has emboldened the greenhouse effect. Photons acting as particles hence transferring their momentum/energy onto gases is discussed. This phenomenon has been witnessed (but not troposphere acknowledged) in various experiments. Importantly, this changes how one models climate change. As shown by their heat capacities, all polyatomic gases absorb heat. This includes O2 and N2 which constitute 99% of our atmosphere. Our whole atmosphere becomes both Earth’s thermal blanket, and the heat sink for human activities. It will be shown that man’s energy use does explain what has been witnessed in climate change. Namely, when compared to our Sun’s energy that reaches Earth’s surface, man’s energy use results in a minimum of 0.6 oC temperature increase in the lower.
Reality involves inelastic collisions, thus one must consider both a system's radiation and its k... more Reality involves inelastic collisions, thus one must consider both a system's radiation and its kinematics, as part of any system's energy. Since most closed gaseous system's energy is dominated by its kinematic energy, one can often ignore its radiation energy. A closed system's energy is recycled back into the system via its walls, hence allowing statistical thermodynamics to be used as a mathematical approximation, i.e., creates the illusion of elastic collisions. This illusion exists in most experimental systems, thus reenforcing traditional theory's considerations, all of which are based upon idealistic elastic collision. In open systems there is no complete recycling of energy. Hence, the statistical based approximations can lose its validity. It is in open systems where perpetual motion does not exist, which has been traditionally explained in terms of the second law, a law whose mathematical construct is limited to systems where the illusion of elastic collisions exists. Note that other explanations will be presented. Other, illusions do exist. For example, the illusion of reversibility prevents us from realizing that the magnitude of the latent heat of vaporization is greater than that of the latent heat of condensation. This also explains Loschmidt's paradox. A new understanding for Boltzmann constant will be given.
This book provides a simple classical thermodynamics. One based upon sequential logic. A logic t... more This book provides a simple classical thermodynamics. One based upon sequential logic. A logic that has no reliance upon either entropy or the second law. An epistemology that has none of the inconsistencies that have plaques classical thermodynamics. The book does discuss in detail, why traditionally accepted thermodynamics is such an overcomplication. Unlike its previous editions, such discussions are left to the footnotes. This has allowed the flow of the book to be readily understood by those who previously had trouble or doubts concerning the accepted, yet often illogical entropy-based doctrine. Two fundamental facts become apparent. One is that traditional thermodynamics fails to address the reality that our atmosphere has mass, hence expanding systems must lift the weight of the overlying atmosphere. This lifting results in a potential energy increase of the overlying atmosphere. This represents work by the expanding system. This is called "lost work" because it is never returned to the expanding system. Hence, system expansion here on Earth's surface is an irreversible process, Two is that statistical thermodynamics is a good approximation for describing the energy of sufficiently dilute closed systems of gases, e.g., experimental systems. However, it falters when describing our open system realities. These two issues are just the start as numerous other issues will be discussed Those fully indoctrinated in thermodynamics will not appreciate the inarguable logic presented in this book. Accordingly, this book is aimed at those who realize that Arnold Sommerfield following words ring true. “Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you do not understand it all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one, or two points. And the third time you go through it, you don’t know you don’t understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn’t bother you anymore”
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The book does discuss in detail, why traditionally accepted thermodynamics is such an overcomplication. Unlike its previous editions, such discussions are left to the footnotes. This has allowed the flow of the book to be readily understood by those who previously had trouble or doubts concerning the accepted, yet often illogical entropy-based doctrine.
Two fundamental facts become apparent. One is that traditional thermodynamics fails to address the reality that our atmosphere has mass, hence expanding systems must lift the weight of the overlying atmosphere. This lifting results in a potential energy increase of the overlying atmosphere. This represents work by the expanding system. This is called "lost work" because it is never returned to the expanding system. Hence, system expansion here on Earth's surface is an irreversible process,
Two is that statistical thermodynamics is a good approximation for describing the energy of sufficiently dilute closed systems of gases, e.g., experimental systems. However, it falters when describing our open system realities. These two issues are just the start as numerous other issues will be discussed
Those fully indoctrinated in thermodynamics will not appreciate the inarguable logic presented in this book. Accordingly, this book is aimed at those who realize that Arnold Sommerfield following words ring true.
“Thermodynamics is a funny subject. The first time you go through it, you do not understand it all. The second time you go through it, you think you understand it, except for one, or two points. And the third time you go through it, you don’t know you don’t understand it, but by that time you are so used to it, it doesn’t bother you anymore”
Book can be found at:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CWRLRBMR?ref_=pe_93986420_774957520&fbclid=IwAR359AMT-LC_XrIWYvUeBiLn6qLep4jR1Csec_cwczikWpgj7uEsU194J1k