Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2020
Finger millet Variety Vegavathi (VR 929) Vegavathi (IC 612242) is a finger millet variety develop... more Finger millet Variety Vegavathi (VR 929) Vegavathi (IC 612242) is a finger millet variety developed by Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. It is a cross derivative of GE 3076 × VR 854 obtained through pedigree method of selection. The variety was identified and notified by the Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Govt. of India vide notification No. S.O. 3220(E) dated 6th September, 2019.
Wheat crop has a major role in current food system and global food security. Beyond doubt, wheat ... more Wheat crop has a major role in current food system and global food security. Beyond doubt, wheat production has increased substantially, however, there has been increase in world's population also, thereby, leading to increased food supply demand. To fulfil this demand, science today needs more efficient and new technologies for breeding wheat with faster pace. Conventional wheat breeding is time consuming as it requires the selfing from F 1 generation onwards to attain homozygosity. However, with the novel biotechnological tools there has been speeding up of the wheat breeding programmes. Doubled haploidy (DH) is one of the cutting-edge technologies which has been accepted widely for the improved wheat breeding programmes. Using DH technology, it is possible to attain the 100% homozygosity in a single generation and time to get complete homogenous breeding lines reduces to 1-2 years. Androgenesis (anther culture and microspore culture) and wheat × maize wide hybridization are two major methods to develop the double haploids in wheat. However, they have some limitations and need other techniques for DH induction. Among the different wide hybridization methods for DH development, Imperata cylindrica mediated chromosome elimination is known as most economical and efficient. Application of this method with the conventional breeding is game changing tool in wheat breeding programmes, and complement the conventional breeding to develop the improved lines in shortest time.
HD 3298: Biofortified, climate-resilient, high-yielding wheat variety for very late sown conditions of North-Western Plains of India, 2022
Wheat is one of the most important crops for global food
security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was... more Wheat is one of the most important crops for global food security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was grown on 221.8 million ha of land with a production of around 775.83 million tonnes. In India, wheat production reached ever highest figure of 109.5 million tonnes from a 31.36 millionhectare area (USDA 2021). The development of highyielding, climate-resilient wheat varieties, and improved agronomic practices have led to significant wheat production in India. However, the pace of developing high-yielding, biofortified wheat varieties is a little bit slow. Wheat contains low levels of the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. Therefore, a major target in wheat biofortification programs is the improvement of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in the grain. In India, recent estimates reflect an unacceptably low consumption of iron among women aged more than 18 years, and 51–83% of pregnant women are deprived of the recommended daily allowance of iron (Shankar et al 2017). Thus, it is not surprising that India has the highest number of women with anemia globally and has significant economic implications for the nation’s development (Rai et al 2018). In India, the most productive zone of wheat cultivation is the North- Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) which is also referred to as the ‘food bowl of India’. In this zone, two biofortified wheat varieties viz., WB 02 and HPBW 01 having 40.0 ppm iron content were released in 2017 (Gaikwad et al 2021). The new wheat variety HD 3298 having 43.1 ppm iron and 12.12 % protein content is suitable for the very 223 HD 3298 late sown conditions of the North-Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) that comprises the areas of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western Uttar Pradesh (except Jhansi division), parts of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu and Kathua districts), and parts of Himachal Pradesh (Una district and Paonta valley) and Uttrakhand (Tarai region). In addition to its biofortification traits, this variety is high-yielding and has tolerance to terminal heat stress. HD 3298 is developed from an indigenous two-way cross consisting of CL1449/PBW343 as the female parent and CL882/HD2009 as the male parent. The modified bulk-pedigree method was adopted from F2- F5 generations, followed by a single plant selection in the F6 generation to develop the line. Shuttle breeding facilities at two regional stations for rust screening and generation advancement were utilized. At ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Regional Station, Wellington, the breeding material was screened for leaf and stem rust; and, for stripe rust screening, the regional station of ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR-IIWBR), located at Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh was utilized. During 2016-17, this entry was evaluated in common varietal trials of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institutes (IARI) across three locations. Based on its superior performance, this entry was promoted to the Special Varietal Trials under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley. During 2017-18, this entry was evaluated in Special trials for very late sown conditions (SPL-VLS) under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley as HD 3298. The entry was evaluated at seven locations in randomized block design in four replications with a plot size (14.4 m2) under irrigated very late-sown (VLS) conditions against checks DBW 71, DBW 14, WR 544. The recommended sowing time for the VLS trial is 1-15th January. During 2018-19, HD 3298 was evaluated under the same very late sown conditions at 7 locations with the same checks; this trial was termed as SPL-Advanced Varietal Trial I (SPL-AVT-I). During 2019-20 in AVTII, the genotype was evaluated at 18 locations under late sown conditions. Due to administrative reasons, the VLS trial was discontinued and the entry was evaluated under late sown (LS) conditions in SPL-AVT II. In SPL-AVT II, five varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 were used as checks. In advanced varietal trials (AVTs) the entry and checks were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications and plot sizes of 14.4 m2. Data on yield and yield contributing traits, reactions to major diseases and insect pests, grain, and nutritional quality traits were recorded. The entry was also characterized in terms of Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability traits as per the guidelines for varietal identification in wheat (UPOV 2017, www.upov.int). HD 3298 and the check varieties were artificially screened for stripe rust, leaf rust, and other important diseases like leaf blight, Karnal bunt throughout the yield evaluation process, and Powdery Mildew, Flag smut, and loose smut in AVT I. The average coefficient of infection (ACI) for both the rusts was calculated by multiplying disease severity and constant values of infection type. The constant values for infection types were used based on the following: R = 0.2, MR = 0.4, M = 0.6, MS = 0.8 and S = 1.0. The seedling resistance test against 16 races of stripe rust and 21 races of leaf rust was carried out for gene postulation using pathotype matching techniques (ICAR-IIWBR 2019a, 2020a). HD 3298 was also evaluated for timely, late, and very late sown conditions at 10 locations of NWPZ against five check varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 (Anonymous 2020). Quality attributes such as grain appearance score, hectolitre weight, protein%, sedimentation value, grain hardness, Chapati quality, bread loaf volume, bread quality, biscuit spread factor, wet and dry gluten %, gluten index, Fe and Zn content, and high molecular weight subunits were determined as per standard procedures and protocols and the data was made available by ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India under AICRP (Anonymous 2018, ICARIIWBR 2019b, 2020b).
An experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, N... more An experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2016–17. The study was carried out in split-plot design having three dates of sowing (5 June, 21 June and 10 July) in main plot, and spacing (15 cm × 15 cm; 30 cm × 15 cm and 45 cm × 15 cm) in sub-plots with four replications. Results indicated that pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] sowing on 5 June and 21 June recorded significantly (P>0.05) higher no. of pods/plant in 2016–17. Pigeonpea sowing on 5 June and 21 June recorded higher seed and stalk yield followed by 10 July. Pigeonpea sowing on 5 June recorded higher gross and net returns (86.75 and 54.75 × 103 `/ha, respectively). At flowering stage, leaf litter and root volume were recorded highest with the plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm (3.5 kg/ha and 2.85, respectively) in both years. Plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm recorded higher seed, stalk and biological yield followed by plant spacing at 35 cm × 15 cm and 1...
An experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,... more An experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla to evaluate the performance of pomegranate genotypes in rainfed temperate region during 2014–17. For this purpose performance of 13 pomegranate genotypes, viz. Kandhari Yellow, Anar Sherin Mohmad Ali, G-137, Chawla, P-75-K-5, Ichakdana, Ganesh, Kandhari Hansi, Jodhpur Red, Kandhari Kabuli, P-23, P-26, Nabha were assessed for plant growth, yield and quality parameters. The study reveals that plant height varied from 1.85-2.83 m, canopy spread (east-west side) was highest in Nabha (2.10 m) and canopy spread in north-south side varied from 1.05-1.85 m with maximum in P-26 (1.85 m). Plant girth was maximum in Kandhari Yellow (68.65 mm) and minimum in Ichakdana (34.71mm). Fruit set in different genotypes of pomegranate varied from 29.87-78.25% with maximum in Ichakdana (78.25%). The maximum fruit weight was recorded in Ichakdana (320.4 g) and lowest in P-23 (118.6 g). Maximum fruit ...
Among wheat diseases, leaf (brown) rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. causes more damage to... more Among wheat diseases, leaf (brown) rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. causes more damage to the crop than any other rust. The pathogen is very dynamic and renders rust-resistant wheat cultivars susceptible by evolving new pathotypes. To counter such threats, developing wheat cultivars using diverse germplasm carrying rust resistance genes effective at different growth stages is required. Forty elite wheat genotypes were selected for characterizing race specific ( Lr19 / Sr25 , Lr24 / Sr24 ) and non-race specific ( Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 , Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39 ) rust resistance genes using Sequence Tagged Site (STS) markers Sr24#12 , Gb , csLV34 and SSR marker wmc44 . The marker analysis revealed the presence of Lr24 / Sr24 genes in 47% of the wheat genotypes, whereas 22.2% possessed Lr24 / Sr24 and Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 gene combination . Two genotypes G16 and G12 were confirmed to have Lr19 / Sr25 , Lr24 / Sr24 , Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 and Lr24 / Sr24 , Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 , Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39 gene combinations, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis based on the dissimilarity indices indicated the presence of huge genetic diversity among the wheat germplasm. The presence of Lr24 / Sr24 using Sr24#12 marker was confirmed in HS545, which showed monogenic control of leaf rust resistance against pathotype 77–5 (THTTM). Leaf rust and stem rust resistance present in this set of diverse germplasm could be used as potent donors for durable rust resistance breeding in wheat. The molecular markers utilized in this study would also be useful in pyramiding or transferring the R genes into the rust susceptible agronomically superior wheat germplasm. Genotypes G12 and G19 resistant to rusts and also had significant grain yield superiority over HS490 could be a better choice for their use in rust resistance breeding.
A new barley variety ‘PUSA SHEETAL’ (BHS 400), is released by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop S... more A new barley variety ‘PUSA SHEETAL’ (BHS 400), is released by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops for commercial cultivation under timely sown rainfed condition of Northern Hills Zone. The variety BHS 400 recorded average grain yield of 32.7 qtls/ha (on the basis of weighted mean of 26 trials over 03 years). It has shown significant grain yield superiority over the checks viz ., BHS 352, UPB 1008, HBL 113 and VLB 113. This variety combines resistance against leaf and stripe rusts. Cultivation of newly released variety Pusa Sheetal (BHS 400) in Northern hills would prove boon for meeting food requirements of the hilly people for sustaining their livelihood and stabilizing productivity of barley in this region.
Dharam Pal1*, Madhu Patial1, KV Prabhu2, J Kumar1,7, Santosh Watpade1, RN Yadav3, Sanjay Kumar2, ... more Dharam Pal1*, Madhu Patial1, KV Prabhu2, J Kumar1,7, Santosh Watpade1, RN Yadav3, Sanjay Kumar2, RK Sharma2, GP Singh2,8, Rajbir Yadav2, Vinod2, Anju M Singh2, SV Sai Prasad4, IS Solanki6,9, M Sivasamy5, JB Sharma2, PK Singh2, Neelu Jain2, Niharika Mallik2, Kiran Gaikwad2, Tapas Ranjan Das6, Vikas5, Jaya Prakash5, JB Singh2, Divya Ambati4, Vaibhav Singh2, AN Mishra4, Shivadhar2 and Ajay Arora2 1ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Shimla, India 2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India 3ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India 4ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore, India 5ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,Wellington, India 6ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,Pusa, India 7ICAR-NIBSM, Raipur, India 8ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India 9ICAR-Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi
A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-C... more A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India for commercial cultivation under irrigated and late sown conditions of Peninsular Zone of India. HI 1633 has average yield of 41.7 q ha-1 and showed superiority over checks. The potential yield of HI 1633 is 65.8 q ha-1 and found resistant to black and brown rusts. HI 1633 found to have excellent chapati quality (7.63), biscuit quality (7.08), high grainhardness (>80.0), test weight (80.3 kg hl-1) and sedimentation value (45.0 ml). It has high protein content (12.4 %) and presence of 5+10 subunit of Glu-D1 reflecting higher gluten strength. It has good amount of micronutrients viz., iron (41.6 ppm) and zinc (41.1 ppm) content making it rich in nutritional qualities. This variety has been recommended for irrigated late sown conditions and would contribute to increasing wheat production and alleviate the socio-economic status of farmers of Peninsular zone in India.
Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigat... more Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigation conditions of peninsular India in 2020 by the Central SubCommittee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India. Its yield was significantly superior over the checks with an average yield of 29.1 q/ha and potential yield of 36.0 q/ha in national coordination trials. HI 8802 showed plasticity for different irrigation levels and yielded superior with significantly higher number of grain/spikes and thousand grain weights. It was found to be resistant to all the major wheat pests and diseases. HI 8802 is a biofortified durum wheat variety suitable for pasta production with high protein (12.8 %) and iron (40.4 ppm) content, which will boost the nutritional and economic security of peninsular zone wheat farmers.
Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2020
Finger millet Variety Vegavathi (VR 929) Vegavathi (IC 612242) is a finger millet variety develop... more Finger millet Variety Vegavathi (VR 929) Vegavathi (IC 612242) is a finger millet variety developed by Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh. It is a cross derivative of GE 3076 × VR 854 obtained through pedigree method of selection. The variety was identified and notified by the Central Sub Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Govt. of India vide notification No. S.O. 3220(E) dated 6th September, 2019.
Wheat crop has a major role in current food system and global food security. Beyond doubt, wheat ... more Wheat crop has a major role in current food system and global food security. Beyond doubt, wheat production has increased substantially, however, there has been increase in world's population also, thereby, leading to increased food supply demand. To fulfil this demand, science today needs more efficient and new technologies for breeding wheat with faster pace. Conventional wheat breeding is time consuming as it requires the selfing from F 1 generation onwards to attain homozygosity. However, with the novel biotechnological tools there has been speeding up of the wheat breeding programmes. Doubled haploidy (DH) is one of the cutting-edge technologies which has been accepted widely for the improved wheat breeding programmes. Using DH technology, it is possible to attain the 100% homozygosity in a single generation and time to get complete homogenous breeding lines reduces to 1-2 years. Androgenesis (anther culture and microspore culture) and wheat × maize wide hybridization are two major methods to develop the double haploids in wheat. However, they have some limitations and need other techniques for DH induction. Among the different wide hybridization methods for DH development, Imperata cylindrica mediated chromosome elimination is known as most economical and efficient. Application of this method with the conventional breeding is game changing tool in wheat breeding programmes, and complement the conventional breeding to develop the improved lines in shortest time.
HD 3298: Biofortified, climate-resilient, high-yielding wheat variety for very late sown conditions of North-Western Plains of India, 2022
Wheat is one of the most important crops for global food
security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was... more Wheat is one of the most important crops for global food security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was grown on 221.8 million ha of land with a production of around 775.83 million tonnes. In India, wheat production reached ever highest figure of 109.5 million tonnes from a 31.36 millionhectare area (USDA 2021). The development of highyielding, climate-resilient wheat varieties, and improved agronomic practices have led to significant wheat production in India. However, the pace of developing high-yielding, biofortified wheat varieties is a little bit slow. Wheat contains low levels of the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. Therefore, a major target in wheat biofortification programs is the improvement of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content in the grain. In India, recent estimates reflect an unacceptably low consumption of iron among women aged more than 18 years, and 51–83% of pregnant women are deprived of the recommended daily allowance of iron (Shankar et al 2017). Thus, it is not surprising that India has the highest number of women with anemia globally and has significant economic implications for the nation’s development (Rai et al 2018). In India, the most productive zone of wheat cultivation is the North- Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) which is also referred to as the ‘food bowl of India’. In this zone, two biofortified wheat varieties viz., WB 02 and HPBW 01 having 40.0 ppm iron content were released in 2017 (Gaikwad et al 2021). The new wheat variety HD 3298 having 43.1 ppm iron and 12.12 % protein content is suitable for the very 223 HD 3298 late sown conditions of the North-Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) that comprises the areas of Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions), Western Uttar Pradesh (except Jhansi division), parts of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu and Kathua districts), and parts of Himachal Pradesh (Una district and Paonta valley) and Uttrakhand (Tarai region). In addition to its biofortification traits, this variety is high-yielding and has tolerance to terminal heat stress. HD 3298 is developed from an indigenous two-way cross consisting of CL1449/PBW343 as the female parent and CL882/HD2009 as the male parent. The modified bulk-pedigree method was adopted from F2- F5 generations, followed by a single plant selection in the F6 generation to develop the line. Shuttle breeding facilities at two regional stations for rust screening and generation advancement were utilized. At ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Regional Station, Wellington, the breeding material was screened for leaf and stem rust; and, for stripe rust screening, the regional station of ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR-IIWBR), located at Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh was utilized. During 2016-17, this entry was evaluated in common varietal trials of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institutes (IARI) across three locations. Based on its superior performance, this entry was promoted to the Special Varietal Trials under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley. During 2017-18, this entry was evaluated in Special trials for very late sown conditions (SPL-VLS) under the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley as HD 3298. The entry was evaluated at seven locations in randomized block design in four replications with a plot size (14.4 m2) under irrigated very late-sown (VLS) conditions against checks DBW 71, DBW 14, WR 544. The recommended sowing time for the VLS trial is 1-15th January. During 2018-19, HD 3298 was evaluated under the same very late sown conditions at 7 locations with the same checks; this trial was termed as SPL-Advanced Varietal Trial I (SPL-AVT-I). During 2019-20 in AVTII, the genotype was evaluated at 18 locations under late sown conditions. Due to administrative reasons, the VLS trial was discontinued and the entry was evaluated under late sown (LS) conditions in SPL-AVT II. In SPL-AVT II, five varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 were used as checks. In advanced varietal trials (AVTs) the entry and checks were evaluated in randomized block design with four replications and plot sizes of 14.4 m2. Data on yield and yield contributing traits, reactions to major diseases and insect pests, grain, and nutritional quality traits were recorded. The entry was also characterized in terms of Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability traits as per the guidelines for varietal identification in wheat (UPOV 2017, www.upov.int). HD 3298 and the check varieties were artificially screened for stripe rust, leaf rust, and other important diseases like leaf blight, Karnal bunt throughout the yield evaluation process, and Powdery Mildew, Flag smut, and loose smut in AVT I. The average coefficient of infection (ACI) for both the rusts was calculated by multiplying disease severity and constant values of infection type. The constant values for infection types were used based on the following: R = 0.2, MR = 0.4, M = 0.6, MS = 0.8 and S = 1.0. The seedling resistance test against 16 races of stripe rust and 21 races of leaf rust was carried out for gene postulation using pathotype matching techniques (ICAR-IIWBR 2019a, 2020a). HD 3298 was also evaluated for timely, late, and very late sown conditions at 10 locations of NWPZ against five check varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 (Anonymous 2020). Quality attributes such as grain appearance score, hectolitre weight, protein%, sedimentation value, grain hardness, Chapati quality, bread loaf volume, bread quality, biscuit spread factor, wet and dry gluten %, gluten index, Fe and Zn content, and high molecular weight subunits were determined as per standard procedures and protocols and the data was made available by ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India under AICRP (Anonymous 2018, ICARIIWBR 2019b, 2020b).
An experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, N... more An experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2016–17. The study was carried out in split-plot design having three dates of sowing (5 June, 21 June and 10 July) in main plot, and spacing (15 cm × 15 cm; 30 cm × 15 cm and 45 cm × 15 cm) in sub-plots with four replications. Results indicated that pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] sowing on 5 June and 21 June recorded significantly (P>0.05) higher no. of pods/plant in 2016–17. Pigeonpea sowing on 5 June and 21 June recorded higher seed and stalk yield followed by 10 July. Pigeonpea sowing on 5 June recorded higher gross and net returns (86.75 and 54.75 × 103 `/ha, respectively). At flowering stage, leaf litter and root volume were recorded highest with the plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm (3.5 kg/ha and 2.85, respectively) in both years. Plant spacing at 45 cm × 15 cm recorded higher seed, stalk and biological yield followed by plant spacing at 35 cm × 15 cm and 1...
An experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,... more An experiment was conducted at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla to evaluate the performance of pomegranate genotypes in rainfed temperate region during 2014–17. For this purpose performance of 13 pomegranate genotypes, viz. Kandhari Yellow, Anar Sherin Mohmad Ali, G-137, Chawla, P-75-K-5, Ichakdana, Ganesh, Kandhari Hansi, Jodhpur Red, Kandhari Kabuli, P-23, P-26, Nabha were assessed for plant growth, yield and quality parameters. The study reveals that plant height varied from 1.85-2.83 m, canopy spread (east-west side) was highest in Nabha (2.10 m) and canopy spread in north-south side varied from 1.05-1.85 m with maximum in P-26 (1.85 m). Plant girth was maximum in Kandhari Yellow (68.65 mm) and minimum in Ichakdana (34.71mm). Fruit set in different genotypes of pomegranate varied from 29.87-78.25% with maximum in Ichakdana (78.25%). The maximum fruit weight was recorded in Ichakdana (320.4 g) and lowest in P-23 (118.6 g). Maximum fruit ...
Among wheat diseases, leaf (brown) rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. causes more damage to... more Among wheat diseases, leaf (brown) rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. causes more damage to the crop than any other rust. The pathogen is very dynamic and renders rust-resistant wheat cultivars susceptible by evolving new pathotypes. To counter such threats, developing wheat cultivars using diverse germplasm carrying rust resistance genes effective at different growth stages is required. Forty elite wheat genotypes were selected for characterizing race specific ( Lr19 / Sr25 , Lr24 / Sr24 ) and non-race specific ( Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 , Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39 ) rust resistance genes using Sequence Tagged Site (STS) markers Sr24#12 , Gb , csLV34 and SSR marker wmc44 . The marker analysis revealed the presence of Lr24 / Sr24 genes in 47% of the wheat genotypes, whereas 22.2% possessed Lr24 / Sr24 and Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 gene combination . Two genotypes G16 and G12 were confirmed to have Lr19 / Sr25 , Lr24 / Sr24 , Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 and Lr24 / Sr24 , Lr34 / Yr18 / Pm38 / Sr57 , Lr46 / Yr29 / Pm39 gene combinations, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis based on the dissimilarity indices indicated the presence of huge genetic diversity among the wheat germplasm. The presence of Lr24 / Sr24 using Sr24#12 marker was confirmed in HS545, which showed monogenic control of leaf rust resistance against pathotype 77–5 (THTTM). Leaf rust and stem rust resistance present in this set of diverse germplasm could be used as potent donors for durable rust resistance breeding in wheat. The molecular markers utilized in this study would also be useful in pyramiding or transferring the R genes into the rust susceptible agronomically superior wheat germplasm. Genotypes G12 and G19 resistant to rusts and also had significant grain yield superiority over HS490 could be a better choice for their use in rust resistance breeding.
A new barley variety ‘PUSA SHEETAL’ (BHS 400), is released by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop S... more A new barley variety ‘PUSA SHEETAL’ (BHS 400), is released by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops for commercial cultivation under timely sown rainfed condition of Northern Hills Zone. The variety BHS 400 recorded average grain yield of 32.7 qtls/ha (on the basis of weighted mean of 26 trials over 03 years). It has shown significant grain yield superiority over the checks viz ., BHS 352, UPB 1008, HBL 113 and VLB 113. This variety combines resistance against leaf and stripe rusts. Cultivation of newly released variety Pusa Sheetal (BHS 400) in Northern hills would prove boon for meeting food requirements of the hilly people for sustaining their livelihood and stabilizing productivity of barley in this region.
Dharam Pal1*, Madhu Patial1, KV Prabhu2, J Kumar1,7, Santosh Watpade1, RN Yadav3, Sanjay Kumar2, ... more Dharam Pal1*, Madhu Patial1, KV Prabhu2, J Kumar1,7, Santosh Watpade1, RN Yadav3, Sanjay Kumar2, RK Sharma2, GP Singh2,8, Rajbir Yadav2, Vinod2, Anju M Singh2, SV Sai Prasad4, IS Solanki6,9, M Sivasamy5, JB Sharma2, PK Singh2, Neelu Jain2, Niharika Mallik2, Kiran Gaikwad2, Tapas Ranjan Das6, Vikas5, Jaya Prakash5, JB Singh2, Divya Ambati4, Vaibhav Singh2, AN Mishra4, Shivadhar2 and Ajay Arora2 1ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Shimla, India 2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India 3ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India 4ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Indore, India 5ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,Wellington, India 6ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station,Pusa, India 7ICAR-NIBSM, Raipur, India 8ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India 9ICAR-Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi
A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-C... more A new bread wheat variety HI 1633 (Pusa Vani) has been released and notified by the Central Sub-Committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India for commercial cultivation under irrigated and late sown conditions of Peninsular Zone of India. HI 1633 has average yield of 41.7 q ha-1 and showed superiority over checks. The potential yield of HI 1633 is 65.8 q ha-1 and found resistant to black and brown rusts. HI 1633 found to have excellent chapati quality (7.63), biscuit quality (7.08), high grainhardness (>80.0), test weight (80.3 kg hl-1) and sedimentation value (45.0 ml). It has high protein content (12.4 %) and presence of 5+10 subunit of Glu-D1 reflecting higher gluten strength. It has good amount of micronutrients viz., iron (41.6 ppm) and zinc (41.1 ppm) content making it rich in nutritional qualities. This variety has been recommended for irrigated late sown conditions and would contribute to increasing wheat production and alleviate the socio-economic status of farmers of Peninsular zone in India.
Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigat... more Pusa Wheat 8802 (HI 8802), a durum wheat variety was released for timely sown, restricted irrigation conditions of peninsular India in 2020 by the Central SubCommittee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops, Government of India. Its yield was significantly superior over the checks with an average yield of 29.1 q/ha and potential yield of 36.0 q/ha in national coordination trials. HI 8802 showed plasticity for different irrigation levels and yielded superior with significantly higher number of grain/spikes and thousand grain weights. It was found to be resistant to all the major wheat pests and diseases. HI 8802 is a biofortified durum wheat variety suitable for pasta production with high protein (12.8 %) and iron (40.4 ppm) content, which will boost the nutritional and economic security of peninsular zone wheat farmers.
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security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was grown on 221.8
million ha of land with a production of around 775.83
million tonnes. In India, wheat production reached ever
highest figure of 109.5 million tonnes from a 31.36 millionhectare
area (USDA 2021). The development of highyielding,
climate-resilient wheat varieties, and improved
agronomic practices have led to significant wheat
production in India. However, the pace of developing
high-yielding, biofortified wheat varieties is a little bit slow.
Wheat contains low levels of the essential micronutrients
iron and zinc. Therefore, a major target in wheat
biofortification programs is the improvement of iron (Fe)
and zinc (Zn) content in the grain. In India, recent estimates
reflect an unacceptably low consumption of iron among
women aged more than 18 years, and 51–83% of pregnant
women are deprived of the recommended daily allowance
of iron (Shankar et al 2017). Thus, it is not surprising that
India has the highest number of women with anemia
globally and has significant economic implications for
the nation’s development (Rai et al 2018). In India, the
most productive zone of wheat cultivation is the North-
Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) which is also referred to
as the ‘food bowl of India’. In this zone, two biofortified
wheat varieties viz., WB 02 and HPBW 01 having 40.0
ppm iron content were released in 2017 (Gaikwad et al
2021). The new wheat variety HD 3298 having 43.1 ppm
iron and 12.12 % protein content is suitable for the very
223
HD 3298
late sown conditions of the North-Western Plains Zone
(NWPZ) that comprises the areas of Punjab, Haryana,
Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions),
Western Uttar Pradesh (except Jhansi division), parts
of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu and Kathua districts),
and parts of Himachal Pradesh (Una district and Paonta
valley) and Uttrakhand (Tarai region). In addition to its
biofortification traits, this variety is high-yielding and has
tolerance to terminal heat stress.
HD 3298 is developed from an indigenous two-way
cross consisting of CL1449/PBW343 as the female
parent and CL882/HD2009 as the male parent. The
modified bulk-pedigree method was adopted from F2-
F5 generations, followed by a single plant selection in
the F6 generation to develop the line. Shuttle breeding
facilities at two regional stations for rust screening
and generation advancement were utilized. At ICARIndian
Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI),
Regional Station, Wellington, the breeding material
was screened for leaf and stem rust; and, for stripe
rust screening, the regional station of ICAR-Indian
Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR-IIWBR),
located at Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh was utilized.
During 2016-17, this entry was evaluated in common
varietal trials of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
Institutes (IARI) across three locations. Based on its
superior performance, this entry was promoted to the
Special Varietal Trials under the All India Coordinated
Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley.
During 2017-18, this entry was evaluated in Special
trials for very late sown conditions (SPL-VLS) under
the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP)
on Wheat and Barley as HD 3298. The entry was
evaluated at seven locations in randomized block
design in four replications with a plot size (14.4 m2)
under irrigated very late-sown (VLS) conditions against
checks DBW 71, DBW 14, WR 544. The recommended
sowing time for the VLS trial is 1-15th January. During
2018-19, HD 3298 was evaluated under the same
very late sown conditions at 7 locations with the
same checks; this trial was termed as SPL-Advanced
Varietal Trial I (SPL-AVT-I). During 2019-20 in AVTII,
the genotype was evaluated at 18 locations under
late sown conditions. Due to administrative reasons,
the VLS trial was discontinued and the entry was
evaluated under late sown (LS) conditions in SPL-AVT
II. In SPL-AVT II, five varieties viz., HD 3059, WH
1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 were used
as checks. In advanced varietal trials (AVTs) the entry
and checks were evaluated in randomized block design
with four replications and plot sizes of 14.4 m2. Data on
yield and yield contributing traits, reactions to major
diseases and insect pests, grain, and nutritional quality
traits were recorded. The entry was also characterized
in terms of Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability traits
as per the guidelines for varietal identification in wheat
(UPOV 2017, www.upov.int).
HD 3298 and the check varieties were artificially
screened for stripe rust, leaf rust, and other important
diseases like leaf blight, Karnal bunt throughout the
yield evaluation process, and Powdery Mildew, Flag
smut, and loose smut in AVT I. The average coefficient
of infection (ACI) for both the rusts was calculated by
multiplying disease severity and constant values of
infection type. The constant values for infection types
were used based on the following: R = 0.2, MR = 0.4,
M = 0.6, MS = 0.8 and S = 1.0. The seedling resistance
test against 16 races of stripe rust and 21 races of leaf rust
was carried out for gene postulation using pathotype
matching techniques (ICAR-IIWBR 2019a, 2020a). HD
3298 was also evaluated for timely, late, and very late
sown conditions at 10 locations of NWPZ against five
check varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124,
DBW 173, and PBW 771 (Anonymous 2020). Quality
attributes such as grain appearance score, hectolitre
weight, protein%, sedimentation value, grain hardness,
Chapati quality, bread loaf volume, bread quality,
biscuit spread factor, wet and dry gluten %, gluten
index, Fe and Zn content, and high molecular weight
subunits were determined as per standard procedures
and protocols and the data was made available by
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research,
Karnal, India under AICRP (Anonymous 2018, ICARIIWBR
2019b, 2020b).
security; in the year 2020-21, wheat was grown on 221.8
million ha of land with a production of around 775.83
million tonnes. In India, wheat production reached ever
highest figure of 109.5 million tonnes from a 31.36 millionhectare
area (USDA 2021). The development of highyielding,
climate-resilient wheat varieties, and improved
agronomic practices have led to significant wheat
production in India. However, the pace of developing
high-yielding, biofortified wheat varieties is a little bit slow.
Wheat contains low levels of the essential micronutrients
iron and zinc. Therefore, a major target in wheat
biofortification programs is the improvement of iron (Fe)
and zinc (Zn) content in the grain. In India, recent estimates
reflect an unacceptably low consumption of iron among
women aged more than 18 years, and 51–83% of pregnant
women are deprived of the recommended daily allowance
of iron (Shankar et al 2017). Thus, it is not surprising that
India has the highest number of women with anemia
globally and has significant economic implications for
the nation’s development (Rai et al 2018). In India, the
most productive zone of wheat cultivation is the North-
Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) which is also referred to
as the ‘food bowl of India’. In this zone, two biofortified
wheat varieties viz., WB 02 and HPBW 01 having 40.0
ppm iron content were released in 2017 (Gaikwad et al
2021). The new wheat variety HD 3298 having 43.1 ppm
iron and 12.12 % protein content is suitable for the very
223
HD 3298
late sown conditions of the North-Western Plains Zone
(NWPZ) that comprises the areas of Punjab, Haryana,
Delhi, Rajasthan (except Kota and Udaipur divisions),
Western Uttar Pradesh (except Jhansi division), parts
of Jammu and Kashmir (Jammu and Kathua districts),
and parts of Himachal Pradesh (Una district and Paonta
valley) and Uttrakhand (Tarai region). In addition to its
biofortification traits, this variety is high-yielding and has
tolerance to terminal heat stress.
HD 3298 is developed from an indigenous two-way
cross consisting of CL1449/PBW343 as the female
parent and CL882/HD2009 as the male parent. The
modified bulk-pedigree method was adopted from F2-
F5 generations, followed by a single plant selection in
the F6 generation to develop the line. Shuttle breeding
facilities at two regional stations for rust screening
and generation advancement were utilized. At ICARIndian
Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI),
Regional Station, Wellington, the breeding material
was screened for leaf and stem rust; and, for stripe
rust screening, the regional station of ICAR-Indian
Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (ICAR-IIWBR),
located at Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh was utilized.
During 2016-17, this entry was evaluated in common
varietal trials of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research
Institutes (IARI) across three locations. Based on its
superior performance, this entry was promoted to the
Special Varietal Trials under the All India Coordinated
Research Project (AICRP) on Wheat and Barley.
During 2017-18, this entry was evaluated in Special
trials for very late sown conditions (SPL-VLS) under
the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP)
on Wheat and Barley as HD 3298. The entry was
evaluated at seven locations in randomized block
design in four replications with a plot size (14.4 m2)
under irrigated very late-sown (VLS) conditions against
checks DBW 71, DBW 14, WR 544. The recommended
sowing time for the VLS trial is 1-15th January. During
2018-19, HD 3298 was evaluated under the same
very late sown conditions at 7 locations with the
same checks; this trial was termed as SPL-Advanced
Varietal Trial I (SPL-AVT-I). During 2019-20 in AVTII,
the genotype was evaluated at 18 locations under
late sown conditions. Due to administrative reasons,
the VLS trial was discontinued and the entry was
evaluated under late sown (LS) conditions in SPL-AVT
II. In SPL-AVT II, five varieties viz., HD 3059, WH
1021, WH 1124, DBW 173, and PBW 771 were used
as checks. In advanced varietal trials (AVTs) the entry
and checks were evaluated in randomized block design
with four replications and plot sizes of 14.4 m2. Data on
yield and yield contributing traits, reactions to major
diseases and insect pests, grain, and nutritional quality
traits were recorded. The entry was also characterized
in terms of Distinctness, Uniformity, and Stability traits
as per the guidelines for varietal identification in wheat
(UPOV 2017, www.upov.int).
HD 3298 and the check varieties were artificially
screened for stripe rust, leaf rust, and other important
diseases like leaf blight, Karnal bunt throughout the
yield evaluation process, and Powdery Mildew, Flag
smut, and loose smut in AVT I. The average coefficient
of infection (ACI) for both the rusts was calculated by
multiplying disease severity and constant values of
infection type. The constant values for infection types
were used based on the following: R = 0.2, MR = 0.4,
M = 0.6, MS = 0.8 and S = 1.0. The seedling resistance
test against 16 races of stripe rust and 21 races of leaf rust
was carried out for gene postulation using pathotype
matching techniques (ICAR-IIWBR 2019a, 2020a). HD
3298 was also evaluated for timely, late, and very late
sown conditions at 10 locations of NWPZ against five
check varieties viz., HD 3059, WH 1021, WH 1124,
DBW 173, and PBW 771 (Anonymous 2020). Quality
attributes such as grain appearance score, hectolitre
weight, protein%, sedimentation value, grain hardness,
Chapati quality, bread loaf volume, bread quality,
biscuit spread factor, wet and dry gluten %, gluten
index, Fe and Zn content, and high molecular weight
subunits were determined as per standard procedures
and protocols and the data was made available by
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research,
Karnal, India under AICRP (Anonymous 2018, ICARIIWBR
2019b, 2020b).