Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrh... more Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF ...
Background: Khat is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabia... more Background: Khat is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabian Peninsula. Khat has its own impact on mental and physical health of the chewers. Studies revealed that khat chewing was associated with frequent absenteeism from class and poor academic performance among students. Although khat has harmful consequences, little is known about factors associated with khat chewing among high school students in Ethiopia.
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLH... more Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-income countries have been associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medications and worse HIV-related outcomes. Little is known about AUDs among people attending HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Across-sectional study was carried out among PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. The World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) was used to measure probable hazardous, harmful and dependent use of alcohol ('alcohol use disorders'). Associations between AUDs and other variables were explored using logistic regression analysis. All variables associated with AUDs with a p value <0.25 were included in the final multivariable model. Results: The overall prevalence of AUDs was 32.6%, with hazardous use, harmful use and alcohol dependence accounting for 24.7%, 2.8% and 5.1% of the total, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of AUDs in persons receiving antiretroviral treatment compared to those who were antiretroviral therapy naïve (32.6% vs. 38.6%). AUDs were identified in 26.0% and 44.1% of females and males, respectively. Male gender, smoking cigarettes and psychological distress were positively associated independently with AUDs.
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-... more Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-income countries have been associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medications and worse HIV-related outcomes. Little is known about AUDs among people attending HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Across-sectional study was carried out among PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. The World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) was used to measure probable hazardous, harmful and dependent use of alcohol ('alcohol use disorders'). Associations between AUDs and other variables were explored using logistic regression analysis. All variables associated with AUDs with a p value<0.25 were included in the final multivariable model. The overall prevalence of AUDs was 32.6%, with hazardous use, harmful use and alcohol dependence accounting for 24.7%, 2.8% and 5.1% of the total, respective...
The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 2015
Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries ... more Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes. Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication. Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
Abstract
Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contribu... more Abstract Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contributes risk for mental distress. Even though it studied well in economically advanced nations, little is known among health professionals in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of mental distress among health professionals. Methods: This study was conducted from November 15, 2013 to December 15, 2013 at JUTH using an institution based cross-sectional study design. All health professionals (N=403) were included from various disciplines. Selfreport questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to detect mental distress. Other structured questionnaire related to sociodemographic characteristics, burnout, work related condition, and substance use habits were used to collect data. Result: Out of the total study participants (n=334), 29.9% (n=100) of them were found to have mental distress. Prevalence of mental distress among substance user health professionals was higher compared with non-users. After adjusting for potential confounders, mental distress was 4.47 times higher among participants with high burnout score (AOR=4.47, 95%CI=2.37-8.44). Additionally, the likelihood of developing mental distress among physically and verbally abused staffs was 2.34 times higher than their counterparts. Also it was more than two times higher among health professionals reported poor prospect of promotion than those who reported good prospect of promotion. Conclusion: Identifid association of work related factors with mental distress needs for immediate and far-reaching interventions of stress reduction therapy. Finding adequate prevention strategies to combat burnout seems therefore very crucial.
Abstract Abstract
Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries ... more Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes. Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication. Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
Background: Khat is an evergreen plant with leaves containing the amphetamine-like compounds cath... more Background: Khat is an evergreen plant with leaves containing the amphetamine-like compounds cathinone and cathine. Many people in the Horn of Africa use khat on a regular basis. Adverse health and social consequences of khat use have been described but little is known about the use of khat in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of khat use and factors associated with khat use among PLHIV who are in contact with HIV services in a hospital in south-west Ethiopia. M e t h o d s : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. A structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was used to ask about the frequency of khat use and potential risk factors and consequences of khat use in this patient group. Logistic regression analysis was used for bivariate and multivariable analysis. R es u l t s : The overall prevalence of current khat use among people living with HIV was 23.0%. The prevalence was 18.3% in females and 33.6% in males. Christians were less likely to use khat when compared to Muslims (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.55). There was a positive association between khat use and mental distress (aOR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.36), smoking cigarettes (aOR 21.21, 95% CI = 7.19, 62.51), alcohol use disorders (aOR 2.16, 95% CI = 1.10, 4.21), CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (aOR 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.50) and missing at least one dose of antiretroviral medication in the preceding month (ART) (aOR 4.2, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.75). C o n c lu s i o n : In this study there was a high prevalence of khat use among people living with HIV which was associated with poorer adherence to ART. There is a need to adapt and evaluate feasible and acceptable interventions to reduce khat use in people living with HIV. Ke y w o r d s : Khat use, HIV, Mental distress, Ethiopia, ‘ART adherence’, Substance use disorder, Sub-Saharan Africa
Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrh... more Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF ...
Background: Khat is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabia... more Background: Khat is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabian Peninsula. Khat has its own impact on mental and physical health of the chewers. Studies revealed that khat chewing was associated with frequent absenteeism from class and poor academic performance among students. Although khat has harmful consequences, little is known about factors associated with khat chewing among high school students in Ethiopia.
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLH... more Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-income countries have been associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medications and worse HIV-related outcomes. Little is known about AUDs among people attending HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Across-sectional study was carried out among PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. The World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) was used to measure probable hazardous, harmful and dependent use of alcohol ('alcohol use disorders'). Associations between AUDs and other variables were explored using logistic regression analysis. All variables associated with AUDs with a p value <0.25 were included in the final multivariable model. Results: The overall prevalence of AUDs was 32.6%, with hazardous use, harmful use and alcohol dependence accounting for 24.7%, 2.8% and 5.1% of the total, respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of AUDs in persons receiving antiretroviral treatment compared to those who were antiretroviral therapy naïve (32.6% vs. 38.6%). AUDs were identified in 26.0% and 44.1% of females and males, respectively. Male gender, smoking cigarettes and psychological distress were positively associated independently with AUDs.
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-... more Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in high-income countries have been associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medications and worse HIV-related outcomes. Little is known about AUDs among people attending HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. Across-sectional study was carried out among PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. The World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) was used to measure probable hazardous, harmful and dependent use of alcohol ('alcohol use disorders'). Associations between AUDs and other variables were explored using logistic regression analysis. All variables associated with AUDs with a p value<0.25 were included in the final multivariable model. The overall prevalence of AUDs was 32.6%, with hazardous use, harmful use and alcohol dependence accounting for 24.7%, 2.8% and 5.1% of the total, respective...
The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 2015
Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries ... more Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes. Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication. Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
Abstract
Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contribu... more Abstract Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contributes risk for mental distress. Even though it studied well in economically advanced nations, little is known among health professionals in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of mental distress among health professionals. Methods: This study was conducted from November 15, 2013 to December 15, 2013 at JUTH using an institution based cross-sectional study design. All health professionals (N=403) were included from various disciplines. Selfreport questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to detect mental distress. Other structured questionnaire related to sociodemographic characteristics, burnout, work related condition, and substance use habits were used to collect data. Result: Out of the total study participants (n=334), 29.9% (n=100) of them were found to have mental distress. Prevalence of mental distress among substance user health professionals was higher compared with non-users. After adjusting for potential confounders, mental distress was 4.47 times higher among participants with high burnout score (AOR=4.47, 95%CI=2.37-8.44). Additionally, the likelihood of developing mental distress among physically and verbally abused staffs was 2.34 times higher than their counterparts. Also it was more than two times higher among health professionals reported poor prospect of promotion than those who reported good prospect of promotion. Conclusion: Identifid association of work related factors with mental distress needs for immediate and far-reaching interventions of stress reduction therapy. Finding adequate prevention strategies to combat burnout seems therefore very crucial.
Abstract Abstract
Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries ... more Abstract Abstract Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes. Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication. Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
Background: Khat is an evergreen plant with leaves containing the amphetamine-like compounds cath... more Background: Khat is an evergreen plant with leaves containing the amphetamine-like compounds cathinone and cathine. Many people in the Horn of Africa use khat on a regular basis. Adverse health and social consequences of khat use have been described but little is known about the use of khat in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of khat use and factors associated with khat use among PLHIV who are in contact with HIV services in a hospital in south-west Ethiopia. M e t h o d s : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University Specialized Hospital in September 2012. A structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was used to ask about the frequency of khat use and potential risk factors and consequences of khat use in this patient group. Logistic regression analysis was used for bivariate and multivariable analysis. R es u l t s : The overall prevalence of current khat use among people living with HIV was 23.0%. The prevalence was 18.3% in females and 33.6% in males. Christians were less likely to use khat when compared to Muslims (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.55). There was a positive association between khat use and mental distress (aOR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.36), smoking cigarettes (aOR 21.21, 95% CI = 7.19, 62.51), alcohol use disorders (aOR 2.16, 95% CI = 1.10, 4.21), CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (aOR 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.50) and missing at least one dose of antiretroviral medication in the preceding month (ART) (aOR 4.2, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.75). C o n c lu s i o n : In this study there was a high prevalence of khat use among people living with HIV which was associated with poorer adherence to ART. There is a need to adapt and evaluate feasible and acceptable interventions to reduce khat use in people living with HIV. Ke y w o r d s : Khat use, HIV, Mental distress, Ethiopia, ‘ART adherence’, Substance use disorder, Sub-Saharan Africa
Uploads
Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contributes risk for mental
distress. Even though it studied well in economically advanced nations, little is known among health professionals in
Africa. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of mental distress among health professionals.
Methods: This study was conducted from November 15, 2013 to December 15, 2013 at JUTH using an institution
based cross-sectional study design. All health professionals (N=403) were included from various disciplines. Selfreport questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to detect mental distress. Other structured questionnaire related to sociodemographic characteristics, burnout, work related condition, and substance use habits were used to collect data.
Result: Out of the total study participants (n=334), 29.9% (n=100) of them were found to have mental distress.
Prevalence of mental distress among substance user health professionals was higher compared with non-users. After
adjusting for potential confounders, mental distress was 4.47 times higher among participants with high burnout score
(AOR=4.47, 95%CI=2.37-8.44). Additionally, the likelihood of developing mental distress among physically and verbally
abused staffs was 2.34 times higher than their counterparts. Also it was more than two times higher among health
professionals reported poor prospect of promotion than those who reported good prospect of promotion.
Conclusion: Identifid association of work related factors with mental distress needs for immediate and far-reaching
interventions of stress reduction therapy. Finding adequate prevention strategies to combat burnout seems therefore
very crucial.
Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes.
Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients
Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication.
Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count
The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
cathine. Many people in the Horn of Africa use khat on a regular basis. Adverse health and social consequences of khat
use have been described but little is known about the use of khat in people living with Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (PLHIV) in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of khat use and factors associated with khat
use among PLHIV who are in contact with HIV services in a hospital in south-west Ethiopia.
M e t h o d s : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University
Specialized Hospital in September 2012. A structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was used
to ask about the frequency of khat use and potential risk factors and consequences of khat use in this patient
group. Logistic regression analysis was used for bivariate and multivariable analysis.
R es u l t s : The overall prevalence of current khat use among people living with HIV was 23.0%. The prevalence was
18.3% in females and 33.6% in males. Christians were less likely to use khat when compared to Muslims (adjusted
Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.55). There was a positive association between khat use and mental distress
(aOR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.36), smoking cigarettes (aOR 21.21, 95% CI = 7.19, 62.51), alcohol use disorders (aOR 2.16,
95% CI = 1.10, 4.21), CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (aOR 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.50) and missing at least one dose of
antiretroviral medication in the preceding month (ART) (aOR 4.2, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.75).
C o n c lu s i o n : In this study there was a high prevalence of khat use among people living with HIV which was
associated with poorer adherence to ART. There is a need to adapt and evaluate feasible and acceptable
interventions to reduce khat use in people living with HIV.
Ke y w o r d s : Khat use, HIV, Mental distress, Ethiopia, ‘ART adherence’, Substance use disorder, Sub-Saharan Africa
Background: Health care is a demanding profession physically and mentally which contributes risk for mental
distress. Even though it studied well in economically advanced nations, little is known among health professionals in
Africa. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and risk factors of mental distress among health professionals.
Methods: This study was conducted from November 15, 2013 to December 15, 2013 at JUTH using an institution
based cross-sectional study design. All health professionals (N=403) were included from various disciplines. Selfreport questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to detect mental distress. Other structured questionnaire related to sociodemographic characteristics, burnout, work related condition, and substance use habits were used to collect data.
Result: Out of the total study participants (n=334), 29.9% (n=100) of them were found to have mental distress.
Prevalence of mental distress among substance user health professionals was higher compared with non-users. After
adjusting for potential confounders, mental distress was 4.47 times higher among participants with high burnout score
(AOR=4.47, 95%CI=2.37-8.44). Additionally, the likelihood of developing mental distress among physically and verbally
abused staffs was 2.34 times higher than their counterparts. Also it was more than two times higher among health
professionals reported poor prospect of promotion than those who reported good prospect of promotion.
Conclusion: Identifid association of work related factors with mental distress needs for immediate and far-reaching
interventions of stress reduction therapy. Finding adequate prevention strategies to combat burnout seems therefore
very crucial.
Introduction: - The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been truly global with 186 countries reporting HIV cases or deaths in 2012. More than 65 million people have been infected with HIV and 30 million people have died due to AIDS related causes since the emergence of AIDS in 1981. Because of impact of the rapid scale-up of ART in some countries with large epidemics there was decline in HIV/AIDS mortality and incidence. However, adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) affected by factors like depression, substance abuse and treatment beliefs. Also treatment factors like regimen complexity, side effects and contextual factors are identified to affect ART adherence. Nevertheless, nutritional and counseling intervention is efficient for increasing adherence to ART. Thus this systematic review will focus on some of the intervention like counseling, nutritional supplementation and material support to increase patients’ adherence to ART medication and clinical outcomes.
Objective: - The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of counseling, material support and/or nutritional supplementation on improving adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and clinical outcomes of patients
Methodology: - The review will consider studies that include HIV-positive patients aged 18 or more who have ever started taking ART drugs. This review will consider studies that include counseling, nutritional support and material support to improve adherence to ART medication.
Outcome of the study will be, adherence improved, clinical progression of HIV patients as measure by viral load, clinical staging and CD4 count
The databases to be searched include: MEDLINE and CINAHL. We will use Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) (Appendix V) for the selected paper for retrieval
cathine. Many people in the Horn of Africa use khat on a regular basis. Adverse health and social consequences of khat
use have been described but little is known about the use of khat in people living with Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (PLHIV) in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of khat use and factors associated with khat
use among PLHIV who are in contact with HIV services in a hospital in south-west Ethiopia.
M e t h o d s : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 389 PLHIV who attended HIV services at Jimma University
Specialized Hospital in September 2012. A structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was used
to ask about the frequency of khat use and potential risk factors and consequences of khat use in this patient
group. Logistic regression analysis was used for bivariate and multivariable analysis.
R es u l t s : The overall prevalence of current khat use among people living with HIV was 23.0%. The prevalence was
18.3% in females and 33.6% in males. Christians were less likely to use khat when compared to Muslims (adjusted
Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.26, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.55). There was a positive association between khat use and mental distress
(aOR 1.84, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.36), smoking cigarettes (aOR 21.21, 95% CI = 7.19, 62.51), alcohol use disorders (aOR 2.16,
95% CI = 1.10, 4.21), CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3 (aOR 3.46, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.50) and missing at least one dose of
antiretroviral medication in the preceding month (ART) (aOR 4.2, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.75).
C o n c lu s i o n : In this study there was a high prevalence of khat use among people living with HIV which was
associated with poorer adherence to ART. There is a need to adapt and evaluate feasible and acceptable
interventions to reduce khat use in people living with HIV.
Ke y w o r d s : Khat use, HIV, Mental distress, Ethiopia, ‘ART adherence’, Substance use disorder, Sub-Saharan Africa