The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export p... more The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export prompted this study to review the impact of non-oil export and Economic growth in Nigeria within the period 1981-2019, with the objective to ascertain both the short-run and the long-run impacts of the variable. The study therefore estimated a multiple regression model with real GDP depending on non-oil export, oil export, exchange rate, and gross capital formation. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test revealed that all the series are integrated of order one and the Johansen cointegration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the variables but that non-oil export has insignificant impact on long-run growth of the Nigerian economy even though the regression result is positively signed. Similarly, the result of the vector error correction model indicated that non-oil export had no significant impact on real GDP even though its regression coefficient had the expected positive sign. The study therefore concluded that the results highlight the underdeveloped nature of the non-oil sector in Nigeria. The implication of the results is that the level of non-oil export in Nigeria over the years has been inadequate to contribute meaningfully to the growth of the Nigerian economy. The results also imply that the current state on non-oil export is grossly inadequate to sustain the Nigerian economy if there were to be no oil sector. The study recommends the following that the Nigerian government should encourage more diversified non-oil activities in the country so as to ensure that non-oil export contributes meaningfully to the economy. This can be done by encouraging industrialization more than ever. Also, the Nigerian government through the relevant agencies should adopt a long-term development framework that clearly targets the increase of the share of non-oil export in total export earnings to double digits in order to pave the way for the sub-sector to contribute significantly to long-term growth of the Nigerian economy.
The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export p... more The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export prompted this study to review the impact of non-oil export and Economic growth in Nigeria within the period 1981-2019, with the objective to ascertain both the short-run and the long-run impacts of the variable. The study therefore estimated a multiple regression model with real GDP depending on non-oil export, oil export, exchange rate, and gross capital formation. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test revealed that all the series are integrated of order one and the Johansen cointegration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the variables but that non-oil export has insignificant impact on long-run growth of the Nigerian economy even though the regression result is positively signed. Similarly, the result of the vector error correction model indicated that non-oil export had no significant impact on real GDP even though its regression coefficient had the expected positive sign. The study therefore concluded that the results highlight the underdeveloped nature of the non-oil sector in Nigeria. The implication of the results is that the level of non-oil export in Nigeria over the years has been inadequate to contribute meaningfully to the growth of the Nigerian economy. The results also imply that the current state on non-oil export is grossly inadequate to sustain the Nigerian economy if there were to be no oil sector. The study recommends the following that the Nigerian government should encourage more diversified non-oil activities in the country so as to ensure that non-oil export contributes meaningfully to the economy. This can be done by encouraging industrialization more than ever. Also, the Nigerian government through the relevant agencies should adopt a long-term development framework that clearly targets the increase of the share of non-oil export in total export earnings to double digits in order to pave the way for the sub-sector to contribute significantly to long-term growth of the Nigerian economy.
sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urban Enugu State, 2020
sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urba... more sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urban Enugu State
Abstract
The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers... more Abstract The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Five variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, five research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers were used. One hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The instrument was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: Clinical supervision improves teacher’s classroom behaviour in terms of method and interaction ability;Clinical supervision helps teachers develop expertise in controlling the classroom environment, dealing with students, and preparing lessons and presenting them in an attractive way; That clinical supervision makes teachers to be familiar with different techniques of classroom management hence effective job performance; That clinical supervision guides teachers to use effective methods to help students to overcome their learning difficulties; And that some school administrators in Ohaukwu lack the competency in the use of clinical supervision. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations:Workshops and seminars should be organised regularly for clinical supervisors on the best way of guiding teachers; There should be good rapport between supervisors and teachers for clinical supervision to be friendly and positive; Clinical al supervision should be organized with the view of helping teachers to develop experiences in the teaching field; Clinical al supervision should help teachers to understand the curriculum, and adopt appropriate and varied teaching methods. During educational supervision activities, teachers should be assisted to identify and understand the characteristics of their students; Regular and effective professional development activities should be organized by clinical supervisors to enable teachers identify and develop their strengths, and address their weaknesses and that The government and other stake holders in education should provide technological gadget to be used especially as it concerns recording of what occurred to enhance the use of clinical supervision.
Effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in ohaukwu lga, 2018
School Organization appears to be very complex. The diversity of schools goals, combined with lar... more School Organization appears to be very complex. The diversity of schools goals, combined with large number of employees often makes them comparable in complexity with other organizations. Secondary education is provided for children after primary education, that is, before tertiary education. It is aimed at developing a child better than the primary level, because it is obvious that primary education is insufficient for children to acquire literacy, numeracy, and communication skills (Ige, 2011; Yusuf, 2009). In Nigeria, secondary education aims at:-Providing all primary school leavers with the opportunity for education of higher level irrespective of sex, social status, religious or ethnic background;-Offering diversified curriculum to cater for differences in talents, opportunities, and future roles;-Providing trained manpower in applied science, technology and commerce at sub-professional grades;-Developing and promoting Nigerian languages, arts and culture in the context of the world's cultural heritage;-Inspiring students with a desire for self improvement and achievement of excellence;-Fostering national unity with an emphasis on the common ties that unite us in our diversity;-Raising a generation of people who can think for themselves, respect the views and feelings of others, respect the dignity of labour, appreciate those values specified under our broad national goals, and live as good citizens; and
Influence of child abuse among secondary school students in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. , 2018
Abstract
The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Go... more Abstract The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Four variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, four research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers and 5000 Students were used. Two hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: That child abuse can lead to suicide attempts and self-harming among the male and female students, some students show hatred to some subjects because of the abusive nature of some teachers, sexual abuse among students can cause them sexually transmitted infections and that child abuse can lead to reduced intellectual functioning of the students. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations: There should be public enlightenment programmes to combat mass ignorance and public awareness on the right to freedom from all forms of child abuse, As much as possible, teachers/caregivers should avoid the use of corporal punishment because it only teaches children that violence is the best way of maintaining control and it encourages them to hit other children, There should be provision of nurturing and supportive child friendly school, learning environment free from noise, distractions, discrimination and abuse of any kind, A child should not be disciplined when the adult’s anger is out of control, Intense awareness should be created among teachers and school managers using seminars, workshops and training programmes about what constitutes child abuse, All forms of abuse should be exposed to this class of caregivers so as to draw their attention to some of the unintentional acts that bother on child abuse and finally teaching profession should be professionalized to ensure that there is no one teaching as a second best option, this would ensure that people in this profession really see it as their contribution to society’s development.
The main purpose of this study is to examine supervisory skills required of principals in order t... more The main purpose of this study is to examine supervisory skills required of principals in order to ensure effective management of instruction in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. it a adopted a descriptive research design,520respondents were used to collect data your using questionnaire items with the aid of pearson product moment correlation of 0.70 which showed that the instrument was reliable.The research among other things made the following recommendations: principals should encourage micro-teaching skills, government should provide more instructional aid to teachers to ensure effective teacher performance during supervision of instruction etc.
The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export p... more The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export prompted this study to review the impact of non-oil export and Economic growth in Nigeria within the period 1981-2019, with the objective to ascertain both the short-run and the long-run impacts of the variable. The study therefore estimated a multiple regression model with real GDP depending on non-oil export, oil export, exchange rate, and gross capital formation. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test revealed that all the series are integrated of order one and the Johansen cointegration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the variables but that non-oil export has insignificant impact on long-run growth of the Nigerian economy even though the regression result is positively signed. Similarly, the result of the vector error correction model indicated that non-oil export had no significant impact on real GDP even though its regression coefficient had the expected positive sign. The study therefore concluded that the results highlight the underdeveloped nature of the non-oil sector in Nigeria. The implication of the results is that the level of non-oil export in Nigeria over the years has been inadequate to contribute meaningfully to the growth of the Nigerian economy. The results also imply that the current state on non-oil export is grossly inadequate to sustain the Nigerian economy if there were to be no oil sector. The study recommends the following that the Nigerian government should encourage more diversified non-oil activities in the country so as to ensure that non-oil export contributes meaningfully to the economy. This can be done by encouraging industrialization more than ever. Also, the Nigerian government through the relevant agencies should adopt a long-term development framework that clearly targets the increase of the share of non-oil export in total export earnings to double digits in order to pave the way for the sub-sector to contribute significantly to long-term growth of the Nigerian economy.
The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export p... more The need to effectively diversify the Nigerian economy away from depending hugely on oil export prompted this study to review the impact of non-oil export and Economic growth in Nigeria within the period 1981-2019, with the objective to ascertain both the short-run and the long-run impacts of the variable. The study therefore estimated a multiple regression model with real GDP depending on non-oil export, oil export, exchange rate, and gross capital formation. The augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test revealed that all the series are integrated of order one and the Johansen cointegration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the variables but that non-oil export has insignificant impact on long-run growth of the Nigerian economy even though the regression result is positively signed. Similarly, the result of the vector error correction model indicated that non-oil export had no significant impact on real GDP even though its regression coefficient had the expected positive sign. The study therefore concluded that the results highlight the underdeveloped nature of the non-oil sector in Nigeria. The implication of the results is that the level of non-oil export in Nigeria over the years has been inadequate to contribute meaningfully to the growth of the Nigerian economy. The results also imply that the current state on non-oil export is grossly inadequate to sustain the Nigerian economy if there were to be no oil sector. The study recommends the following that the Nigerian government should encourage more diversified non-oil activities in the country so as to ensure that non-oil export contributes meaningfully to the economy. This can be done by encouraging industrialization more than ever. Also, the Nigerian government through the relevant agencies should adopt a long-term development framework that clearly targets the increase of the share of non-oil export in total export earnings to double digits in order to pave the way for the sub-sector to contribute significantly to long-term growth of the Nigerian economy.
sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urban Enugu State, 2020
sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urba... more sustaining brand loyalty through billboard advertisement, a case of Indomie Noodles in Enugu Urban Enugu State
Abstract
The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers... more Abstract The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Five variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, five research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers were used. One hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The instrument was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: Clinical supervision improves teacher’s classroom behaviour in terms of method and interaction ability;Clinical supervision helps teachers develop expertise in controlling the classroom environment, dealing with students, and preparing lessons and presenting them in an attractive way; That clinical supervision makes teachers to be familiar with different techniques of classroom management hence effective job performance; That clinical supervision guides teachers to use effective methods to help students to overcome their learning difficulties; And that some school administrators in Ohaukwu lack the competency in the use of clinical supervision. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations:Workshops and seminars should be organised regularly for clinical supervisors on the best way of guiding teachers; There should be good rapport between supervisors and teachers for clinical supervision to be friendly and positive; Clinical al supervision should be organized with the view of helping teachers to develop experiences in the teaching field; Clinical al supervision should help teachers to understand the curriculum, and adopt appropriate and varied teaching methods. During educational supervision activities, teachers should be assisted to identify and understand the characteristics of their students; Regular and effective professional development activities should be organized by clinical supervisors to enable teachers identify and develop their strengths, and address their weaknesses and that The government and other stake holders in education should provide technological gadget to be used especially as it concerns recording of what occurred to enhance the use of clinical supervision.
Effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in ohaukwu lga, 2018
School Organization appears to be very complex. The diversity of schools goals, combined with lar... more School Organization appears to be very complex. The diversity of schools goals, combined with large number of employees often makes them comparable in complexity with other organizations. Secondary education is provided for children after primary education, that is, before tertiary education. It is aimed at developing a child better than the primary level, because it is obvious that primary education is insufficient for children to acquire literacy, numeracy, and communication skills (Ige, 2011; Yusuf, 2009). In Nigeria, secondary education aims at:-Providing all primary school leavers with the opportunity for education of higher level irrespective of sex, social status, religious or ethnic background;-Offering diversified curriculum to cater for differences in talents, opportunities, and future roles;-Providing trained manpower in applied science, technology and commerce at sub-professional grades;-Developing and promoting Nigerian languages, arts and culture in the context of the world's cultural heritage;-Inspiring students with a desire for self improvement and achievement of excellence;-Fostering national unity with an emphasis on the common ties that unite us in our diversity;-Raising a generation of people who can think for themselves, respect the views and feelings of others, respect the dignity of labour, appreciate those values specified under our broad national goals, and live as good citizens; and
Influence of child abuse among secondary school students in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. , 2018
Abstract
The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Go... more Abstract The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Four variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, four research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers and 5000 Students were used. Two hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: That child abuse can lead to suicide attempts and self-harming among the male and female students, some students show hatred to some subjects because of the abusive nature of some teachers, sexual abuse among students can cause them sexually transmitted infections and that child abuse can lead to reduced intellectual functioning of the students. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations: There should be public enlightenment programmes to combat mass ignorance and public awareness on the right to freedom from all forms of child abuse, As much as possible, teachers/caregivers should avoid the use of corporal punishment because it only teaches children that violence is the best way of maintaining control and it encourages them to hit other children, There should be provision of nurturing and supportive child friendly school, learning environment free from noise, distractions, discrimination and abuse of any kind, A child should not be disciplined when the adult’s anger is out of control, Intense awareness should be created among teachers and school managers using seminars, workshops and training programmes about what constitutes child abuse, All forms of abuse should be exposed to this class of caregivers so as to draw their attention to some of the unintentional acts that bother on child abuse and finally teaching profession should be professionalized to ensure that there is no one teaching as a second best option, this would ensure that people in this profession really see it as their contribution to society’s development.
The main purpose of this study is to examine supervisory skills required of principals in order t... more The main purpose of this study is to examine supervisory skills required of principals in order to ensure effective management of instruction in Abakaliki Education Zone of Ebonyi State. it a adopted a descriptive research design,520respondents were used to collect data your using questionnaire items with the aid of pearson product moment correlation of 0.70 which showed that the instrument was reliable.The research among other things made the following recommendations: principals should encourage micro-teaching skills, government should provide more instructional aid to teachers to ensure effective teacher performance during supervision of instruction etc.
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The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Five variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, five research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers were used. One hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The instrument was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: Clinical supervision improves teacher’s classroom behaviour in terms of method and interaction ability;Clinical supervision helps teachers develop expertise in controlling the classroom environment, dealing with students, and preparing lessons and presenting them in an attractive way; That clinical supervision makes teachers to be familiar with different techniques of classroom management hence effective job performance; That clinical supervision guides teachers to use effective methods to help students to overcome their learning difficulties; And that some school administrators in Ohaukwu lack the competency in the use of clinical supervision. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations:Workshops and seminars should be organised regularly for clinical supervisors on the best way of guiding teachers; There should be good rapport between supervisors and teachers for clinical supervision to be friendly and positive; Clinical al supervision should be organized with the view of helping teachers to develop experiences in the teaching field; Clinical al supervision should help teachers to understand the curriculum, and adopt appropriate and varied teaching methods. During educational supervision activities, teachers should be assisted to identify and understand the characteristics of their students; Regular and effective professional development activities should be organized by clinical supervisors to enable teachers identify and develop their strengths, and address their weaknesses and that The government and other stake holders in education should provide technological gadget to be used especially as it concerns recording of what occurred to enhance the use of clinical supervision.
The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Four variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, four research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers and 5000 Students were used. Two hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: That child abuse can lead to suicide attempts and self-harming among the male and female students, some students show hatred to some subjects because of the abusive nature of some teachers, sexual abuse among students can cause them sexually transmitted infections and that child abuse can lead to reduced intellectual functioning of the students. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations: There should be public enlightenment programmes to combat mass ignorance and public awareness on the right to freedom from all forms of child abuse, As much as possible, teachers/caregivers should avoid the use of corporal punishment because it only teaches children that violence is the best way of maintaining control and it encourages them to hit other children, There should be provision of nurturing and supportive child friendly school, learning environment free from noise, distractions, discrimination and abuse of any kind, A child should not be disciplined when the adult’s anger is out of control, Intense awareness should be created among teachers and school managers using seminars, workshops and training programmes about what constitutes child abuse, All forms of abuse should be exposed to this class of caregivers so as to draw their attention to some of the unintentional acts that bother on child abuse and finally teaching profession should be professionalized to ensure that there is no one teaching as a second best option, this would ensure that people in this profession really see it as their contribution to society’s development.
The main purpose of this research project is effects of clinical supervision on teachers’ job performance in Ohaukwu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Five variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, five research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers were used. One hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The instrument was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: Clinical supervision improves teacher’s classroom behaviour in terms of method and interaction ability;Clinical supervision helps teachers develop expertise in controlling the classroom environment, dealing with students, and preparing lessons and presenting them in an attractive way; That clinical supervision makes teachers to be familiar with different techniques of classroom management hence effective job performance; That clinical supervision guides teachers to use effective methods to help students to overcome their learning difficulties; And that some school administrators in Ohaukwu lack the competency in the use of clinical supervision. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations:Workshops and seminars should be organised regularly for clinical supervisors on the best way of guiding teachers; There should be good rapport between supervisors and teachers for clinical supervision to be friendly and positive; Clinical al supervision should be organized with the view of helping teachers to develop experiences in the teaching field; Clinical al supervision should help teachers to understand the curriculum, and adopt appropriate and varied teaching methods. During educational supervision activities, teachers should be assisted to identify and understand the characteristics of their students; Regular and effective professional development activities should be organized by clinical supervisors to enable teachers identify and develop their strengths, and address their weaknesses and that The government and other stake holders in education should provide technological gadget to be used especially as it concerns recording of what occurred to enhance the use of clinical supervision.
The main purpose of this research project is educational implication in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Four variables were investigated. To achieve this purpose, four research questions were formulated. A population of one thousand five hundred(1500) Teachers and 5000 Students were used. Two hundred respondents were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The was face validated by two experts in educational foundations and one expert in measurement and evaluation. Test re-test method was applied to measure how reliable the instrument is. The collected data were analyzed and presented using mean and frequencies. From the analysis, the researcher made among other things the following findings: That child abuse can lead to suicide attempts and self-harming among the male and female students, some students show hatred to some subjects because of the abusive nature of some teachers, sexual abuse among students can cause them sexually transmitted infections and that child abuse can lead to reduced intellectual functioning of the students. Based on these findings, the researcher made among other things the following recommendations: There should be public enlightenment programmes to combat mass ignorance and public awareness on the right to freedom from all forms of child abuse, As much as possible, teachers/caregivers should avoid the use of corporal punishment because it only teaches children that violence is the best way of maintaining control and it encourages them to hit other children, There should be provision of nurturing and supportive child friendly school, learning environment free from noise, distractions, discrimination and abuse of any kind, A child should not be disciplined when the adult’s anger is out of control, Intense awareness should be created among teachers and school managers using seminars, workshops and training programmes about what constitutes child abuse, All forms of abuse should be exposed to this class of caregivers so as to draw their attention to some of the unintentional acts that bother on child abuse and finally teaching profession should be professionalized to ensure that there is no one teaching as a second best option, this would ensure that people in this profession really see it as their contribution to society’s development.