Rice ( Oryza sativa L) is an important cereal crop and staple food crop of the world, whose yield... more Rice ( Oryza sativa L) is an important cereal crop and staple food crop of the world, whose yield could be influenced by biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in 1-100% yield losses depending on the incidences of diseases or severity of stress condition. The research was basically to identify the polymorphic markers at the target region (parental survey) and screened for selection of improved lines with multiple traits of resistance/tolerance to two or three of blast, bacterial leaf blight and drought tolerance. Three varieties were used; two high yielding varieties of Putra-1 and MR219-PL-137 resistant to blast and tolerant to drought respectively, and an IRBB60 bacterial leaf blight resistance variety. They were crossed to a common recipient parent (Putra-1) to produce two categories of F 1 hybrid as baseline for development of improved lines in three crossing methods which produced five populations (PB, PD, PBD, PDB, DPB) through marker-assisted pedigree selection. The populat...
Nine morphologically distinct kenaf genotypes were hybridized to produce 36 hybrids following a h... more Nine morphologically distinct kenaf genotypes were hybridized to produce 36 hybrids following a half diallel mating design. The combining ability and gene action of 15 yield and yield components were assessed in hybrids and their parents across two environments. Except for the mid diameter and plant height traits, there were highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between both the analysis of variance of environments and the interaction of genotype and environment. For the inheritance of these traits, additive gene effects were considerable, and the expression of these additive genes was heavily influenced by the environment. Significant differences were found for all studied traits for GCA except top diameter, and SCA except plant height and top diameter, implying the presence of both additive and non-additive gene action for the inheritance of the concerned characters. For all features except top diameter and number of nodes, the magnitude of GCA variation was significantly high...
This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 ... more This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 dura × pisifera biparental progenies on fibric peat soil, hybridized from ten genetic origins. Three-month intervals of data collection on ISR and “S-shape” procedure for FS determination were carried out in an independent complete randomized design for one year. Based on the assessment of individual progenies, analysis of variance revealed the existence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of the progenies had the highest ISR above 90%. However, 20.83% of the progenies (PK4841, PK4674, ECPHP415, ECPHP550, and PK4118) had the best normal range of ISR, indicating FS declined being influenced by ISR. Therefore, only 12.50% of the progenies (PK4674, PK4465, and PK4482) were above 60% FS critical level. Correlation analysis verified that ISR depends on the female flower and progeny PK4674 (65.78%) and PK4465 (62.62%) had the best FS and fruit to bunch. Among the parental origins, Deli Serdang × Ca...
Induced mutation is a powerful method to generate heritable variation by exposing plant materials... more Induced mutation is a powerful method to generate heritable variation by exposing plant materials such as seeds, seedlings or other plant parts to physical or chemical mutagens. Mutagenesis remarkably enhanced the agronomical and physiological characters such as pest and diseases resistance, improve yield and yield related traits in crops. Gamma radiation is the most extensively use mutagen to induce mutation in plant breeding because of cost effectiveness, high mutation frequency, and reproducibility. Based on this background, this study was conducted on two chili varieties namely, Bangi3 and Bangi5 by exposing them to different dose of gamma ray 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy to determine LD50 and the morph-physiological responses. The irradiated seeds along with the control seeds were sown in nursery bed in the greenhouse in field 16 at Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Lethal dose LD50 of two chili varieties was determined. The effect of...
Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity ... more Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity from where it spread to other secondary centers of diversity. In this study, the genetic diversity among 56 eggplant genotypes from three secondary centers of diversity (Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand) was assessed using 11 morphological traits. The experiment was laid in a complete randomized block design with three replications. A wide significant variation was observed for all the morphological traits, and highly significant differences among the three centers of diversity. High heritability and genetic advance was found for different traits i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit girth, fruit length to width ratio, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. The selected best traits i.e. number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per plant showed high heritability along with ...
Domestic production of chilli in Malaysia is insufficient which accounted for 52% self-sufficienc... more Domestic production of chilli in Malaysia is insufficient which accounted for 52% self-sufficiency level. Poor performance of local varieties under high temperatures above 42°C is one of the major factors affecting chilli production. This study was conducted with the objective of introgress heat-tolerant gene (Hsps) from AVPP0702 donor into Kulai using marker-assisted backcrossing. A total of 68 SSR markers, including Hsp linked markers that showed polymorphism between the parents were used to assess the generation of backcrossing; BC1F1, BC2F1, BC3F1 and BC3F2 and the average RPG percentage of the recurrent parent was found to be 81, 90, 95 and 97%, respectively. The pattern of Hsp expression in the backcross generations was similar to the donor parent (upregulated with more than 4-fold increase). Twelve improved heat tolerant chilli lines were developed. Most of the morphological and agronomical traits were recovered in the selected improved heat-tolerant genotypes from Kulai such...
Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby... more Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting a threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted global climate change conditions. The importance of ‘underutilized’ crop species in meeting the world’s demand for food has been duly recognized by research communities, governments and policy makers worldwide. The development of underutilized crops, with their vast genetic resources and beneficial traits, may be a useful step towards solving food security challenges by offering a multifaceted agricultural system that includes additional important food resources. Bambara groundnut is among the beneficial underutilized crop species that may have a positive impact on global food security through organized and well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. The excessive degrees of allelic difference in Bambara groundnut germplasm could be exploited in breeding activities to develop new varieties. It is importa...
Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect rice growth, development and grain yield. Traditiona... more Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect rice growth, development and grain yield. Traditional rice breeding techniques are insufficient in modern agriculture to meet the growing population’s food needs on a long-term basis. The development of DNA markers closely linked to target genes or QTLs on rice chromosomes, and advanced molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), have encouraged the evolution of contemporary techniques in rice genetics and breeding, such as gene pyramiding. Gene pyramiding refers to the act of combining two or more genes from multiple parents into a single genotype, which allows the overexpression of more than one gene for broad-spectrum abiotic and biotic stress resistance. Marker-assisted pedigree, backcrossing and pseudo-backcrossing methods can increase the conventional breeding speed by reducing the number of breeding generations in order to enhance the pyramiding process. Pyramiding is affected by several factors: the number of tr...
Rice, generally classified as a typical glycophyte, often faces abiotic stresses such as excessiv... more Rice, generally classified as a typical glycophyte, often faces abiotic stresses such as excessive drought, high salinity, prolonged submergence, cold, and temperature, which significantly affects growth, development, and ultimately, grain yield. Among these negative impacts of abiotic factors in rice production, salinity stress is a major constraint, followed by drought. There is considerable research on the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome editing techniques, and transgenic studies that have profoundly improved the present-day rice breeders’ toolboxes for developing salt-tolerant varieties. Salinity stresses significantly affect rice plants during seedling and reproductive stages. Hence, greater understanding and manipulation of genetic architecture in developing salt-tolerant rice varieties will significantly impact sustainable rice production. Rice plants’ susceptibility or tolerance to high salinity has been reported to be the result of coordinated actions of mult...
One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elae... more One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elaeis guineensis palm. To date, yield variability in fresh fruit bunches (YFFB) in Malaysian oil palm plantations is one of the key influences in low palm oil yield. Accordingly, an assessment of dura×pisifera progenies and their genetic origins on oil palm yield was investigated. Twenty-four derived progenies from 10 genetic sources were adopted as F1 hybrid-single generation and the standard approach for data collection of the yield and yield traits was followed for three sequential years. Variance analysis showed genetic differences between the progenies and their origins. Amid the progenies analyzed, 45.83% had YFFB above the trial mean. Progeny HPDP500 had the highest YFFB (191.74 kg/palm/year) and the highest bunch number (YBNO) was recorded in PKDP4474 (20.65 bunches/palm/year), and HPDP500 (20.53 bunches/palm/year). In year one and year three, the highest YFFB was reported, while in...
Eleven morphologically diverse cultivated eggplant accessions were used for hybridization followi... more Eleven morphologically diverse cultivated eggplant accessions were used for hybridization following half diallel mating design to obtain 55 hybrids. Evaluation of hybrids along with the parents was conducted over two locations followed by randomised complete block design with three replications to study gene action and combining ability of 15 morphological and biochemical traits. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the environments and interaction of genotype and environment, except for fruit length to width ratio. Additive gene effects were significant for the inheritance of these traits and expression of these additive genes were greatly affected by environments. The general combining ability (GCA) was greater than their respective specific combining ability (SCA) for all traits except for fruit yield per plant. High values of GCA and SCA effects for characters of interest were dispersed among different genotypes. From this study it was observed...
Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its ada... more Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its adaptability and stability across environments especially prior to release of the newly developed variety for commercial cultivation. The growth performance and phenotypic variability of these genotypes are the combination of environment, genotype and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction factors. Thus, evaluation creates an opportunity for effective selection of superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the newly developed blast resistant rice lines in varied environmental conditions, precisely measure the response of the advanced lines in multiple environments and classify the genotypes into groups that could serve as varieties for commercial cultivation. Genetic materials included 18 improved blast resistant rice lines and the recipient parent MR219. The total of 19 newly developed genotypes was evaluated under four varied environments in Peninsular Malaysia. ...
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are primarily found in plants stem, roots, and other o... more Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are primarily found in plants stem, roots, and other organs and play significant roles in tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Plants synthesize a discrete set of LEA proteins in response to drought stress. In this study, the expression patterns of LEA genes were investigated in two advanced mutant rice genotypes subjected to the drought stress condition and different physiological traits including photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) which were analyzed to confirm their drought tolerance. Five LEA genes (OsLEA1, OsLEA2, OsLEA3, OsLEA4, and OsLEA5) were used in the evaluation of rice genotypes and were significantly upregulated by more than 4-fold for MR219-4 and MR219-9. The upregulated genes by these two varieties showed high similarity with the drought-tolerant check variety, Aeron1. This indicates that these advanced mutant genotypes have better tolerance to drought ...
Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews, Jan 25, 2017
Studying the strategies of improving abiotic stress tolerance is quite imperative and research un... more Studying the strategies of improving abiotic stress tolerance is quite imperative and research under this field will increase our understanding of response mechanisms to abiotic stress such as heat. The Hsp70 is an essential regulator of protein having the tendency to maintain internal cell stability like proper folding protein and breakdown of unfolded proteins. Hsp70 holds together protein substrates to help in movement, regulation, and prevent aggregation under physical and or chemical pressure. However, this review reports the molecular mechanism of heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) action and its structural and functional analysis, research progress on the interaction of Hsp70 with other proteins and their interaction mechanisms as well as the involvement of Hsp70 in abiotic stress responses as an adaptive defense mechanism.
Backcrossing together with simple sequence repeat marker strategy was adopted to improve popular ... more Backcrossing together with simple sequence repeat marker strategy was adopted to improve popular Malaysian chilli Kulai (Capsicum annuum L.) for heat tolerance. The use of molecular markers in backcross breeding and selection contributes significantly to overcoming the main drawbacks such as increase linkage drag and time consumption, in the ancient manual breeding approach (conventional), and speeds up the genome recovery of the recurrent parent. The strategy was adopted to introgress heat shock protein gene(s) from AVPP0702 (C. annuum L.), which are heat-tolerant, into the genetic profile of Kulai, a popular high-yielding chilli but which is heat sensitive. The parents were grown on seed trays, and parental screening was carried out with 252 simple sequence repeat markers. The selected parents were crossed and backcrossed to generate Fhybrids and backcross generations. Sixty-eight markers appeared to be polymorphic and were used to assess the backcross generation; BCF, BCFand BCF....
Rice ( Oryza sativa L) is an important cereal crop and staple food crop of the world, whose yield... more Rice ( Oryza sativa L) is an important cereal crop and staple food crop of the world, whose yield could be influenced by biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in 1-100% yield losses depending on the incidences of diseases or severity of stress condition. The research was basically to identify the polymorphic markers at the target region (parental survey) and screened for selection of improved lines with multiple traits of resistance/tolerance to two or three of blast, bacterial leaf blight and drought tolerance. Three varieties were used; two high yielding varieties of Putra-1 and MR219-PL-137 resistant to blast and tolerant to drought respectively, and an IRBB60 bacterial leaf blight resistance variety. They were crossed to a common recipient parent (Putra-1) to produce two categories of F 1 hybrid as baseline for development of improved lines in three crossing methods which produced five populations (PB, PD, PBD, PDB, DPB) through marker-assisted pedigree selection. The populat...
Nine morphologically distinct kenaf genotypes were hybridized to produce 36 hybrids following a h... more Nine morphologically distinct kenaf genotypes were hybridized to produce 36 hybrids following a half diallel mating design. The combining ability and gene action of 15 yield and yield components were assessed in hybrids and their parents across two environments. Except for the mid diameter and plant height traits, there were highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between both the analysis of variance of environments and the interaction of genotype and environment. For the inheritance of these traits, additive gene effects were considerable, and the expression of these additive genes was heavily influenced by the environment. Significant differences were found for all studied traits for GCA except top diameter, and SCA except plant height and top diameter, implying the presence of both additive and non-additive gene action for the inheritance of the concerned characters. For all features except top diameter and number of nodes, the magnitude of GCA variation was significantly high...
This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 ... more This study investigated oil palm inflorescence sex ratio (ISR) and fruit set (FS) yield among 24 dura × pisifera biparental progenies on fibric peat soil, hybridized from ten genetic origins. Three-month intervals of data collection on ISR and “S-shape” procedure for FS determination were carried out in an independent complete randomized design for one year. Based on the assessment of individual progenies, analysis of variance revealed the existence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of the progenies had the highest ISR above 90%. However, 20.83% of the progenies (PK4841, PK4674, ECPHP415, ECPHP550, and PK4118) had the best normal range of ISR, indicating FS declined being influenced by ISR. Therefore, only 12.50% of the progenies (PK4674, PK4465, and PK4482) were above 60% FS critical level. Correlation analysis verified that ISR depends on the female flower and progeny PK4674 (65.78%) and PK4465 (62.62%) had the best FS and fruit to bunch. Among the parental origins, Deli Serdang × Ca...
Induced mutation is a powerful method to generate heritable variation by exposing plant materials... more Induced mutation is a powerful method to generate heritable variation by exposing plant materials such as seeds, seedlings or other plant parts to physical or chemical mutagens. Mutagenesis remarkably enhanced the agronomical and physiological characters such as pest and diseases resistance, improve yield and yield related traits in crops. Gamma radiation is the most extensively use mutagen to induce mutation in plant breeding because of cost effectiveness, high mutation frequency, and reproducibility. Based on this background, this study was conducted on two chili varieties namely, Bangi3 and Bangi5 by exposing them to different dose of gamma ray 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy to determine LD50 and the morph-physiological responses. The irradiated seeds along with the control seeds were sown in nursery bed in the greenhouse in field 16 at Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Lethal dose LD50 of two chili varieties was determined. The effect of...
Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity ... more Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity from where it spread to other secondary centers of diversity. In this study, the genetic diversity among 56 eggplant genotypes from three secondary centers of diversity (Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand) was assessed using 11 morphological traits. The experiment was laid in a complete randomized block design with three replications. A wide significant variation was observed for all the morphological traits, and highly significant differences among the three centers of diversity. High heritability and genetic advance was found for different traits i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit girth, fruit length to width ratio, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. The selected best traits i.e. number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per plant showed high heritability along with ...
Domestic production of chilli in Malaysia is insufficient which accounted for 52% self-sufficienc... more Domestic production of chilli in Malaysia is insufficient which accounted for 52% self-sufficiency level. Poor performance of local varieties under high temperatures above 42°C is one of the major factors affecting chilli production. This study was conducted with the objective of introgress heat-tolerant gene (Hsps) from AVPP0702 donor into Kulai using marker-assisted backcrossing. A total of 68 SSR markers, including Hsp linked markers that showed polymorphism between the parents were used to assess the generation of backcrossing; BC1F1, BC2F1, BC3F1 and BC3F2 and the average RPG percentage of the recurrent parent was found to be 81, 90, 95 and 97%, respectively. The pattern of Hsp expression in the backcross generations was similar to the donor parent (upregulated with more than 4-fold increase). Twelve improved heat tolerant chilli lines were developed. Most of the morphological and agronomical traits were recovered in the selected improved heat-tolerant genotypes from Kulai such...
Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby... more Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting a threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted global climate change conditions. The importance of ‘underutilized’ crop species in meeting the world’s demand for food has been duly recognized by research communities, governments and policy makers worldwide. The development of underutilized crops, with their vast genetic resources and beneficial traits, may be a useful step towards solving food security challenges by offering a multifaceted agricultural system that includes additional important food resources. Bambara groundnut is among the beneficial underutilized crop species that may have a positive impact on global food security through organized and well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. The excessive degrees of allelic difference in Bambara groundnut germplasm could be exploited in breeding activities to develop new varieties. It is importa...
Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect rice growth, development and grain yield. Traditiona... more Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect rice growth, development and grain yield. Traditional rice breeding techniques are insufficient in modern agriculture to meet the growing population’s food needs on a long-term basis. The development of DNA markers closely linked to target genes or QTLs on rice chromosomes, and advanced molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), have encouraged the evolution of contemporary techniques in rice genetics and breeding, such as gene pyramiding. Gene pyramiding refers to the act of combining two or more genes from multiple parents into a single genotype, which allows the overexpression of more than one gene for broad-spectrum abiotic and biotic stress resistance. Marker-assisted pedigree, backcrossing and pseudo-backcrossing methods can increase the conventional breeding speed by reducing the number of breeding generations in order to enhance the pyramiding process. Pyramiding is affected by several factors: the number of tr...
Rice, generally classified as a typical glycophyte, often faces abiotic stresses such as excessiv... more Rice, generally classified as a typical glycophyte, often faces abiotic stresses such as excessive drought, high salinity, prolonged submergence, cold, and temperature, which significantly affects growth, development, and ultimately, grain yield. Among these negative impacts of abiotic factors in rice production, salinity stress is a major constraint, followed by drought. There is considerable research on the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome editing techniques, and transgenic studies that have profoundly improved the present-day rice breeders’ toolboxes for developing salt-tolerant varieties. Salinity stresses significantly affect rice plants during seedling and reproductive stages. Hence, greater understanding and manipulation of genetic architecture in developing salt-tolerant rice varieties will significantly impact sustainable rice production. Rice plants’ susceptibility or tolerance to high salinity has been reported to be the result of coordinated actions of mult...
One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elae... more One of the most important and widely known plantation crops with high revenue returns is the Elaeis guineensis palm. To date, yield variability in fresh fruit bunches (YFFB) in Malaysian oil palm plantations is one of the key influences in low palm oil yield. Accordingly, an assessment of dura×pisifera progenies and their genetic origins on oil palm yield was investigated. Twenty-four derived progenies from 10 genetic sources were adopted as F1 hybrid-single generation and the standard approach for data collection of the yield and yield traits was followed for three sequential years. Variance analysis showed genetic differences between the progenies and their origins. Amid the progenies analyzed, 45.83% had YFFB above the trial mean. Progeny HPDP500 had the highest YFFB (191.74 kg/palm/year) and the highest bunch number (YBNO) was recorded in PKDP4474 (20.65 bunches/palm/year), and HPDP500 (20.53 bunches/palm/year). In year one and year three, the highest YFFB was reported, while in...
Eleven morphologically diverse cultivated eggplant accessions were used for hybridization followi... more Eleven morphologically diverse cultivated eggplant accessions were used for hybridization following half diallel mating design to obtain 55 hybrids. Evaluation of hybrids along with the parents was conducted over two locations followed by randomised complete block design with three replications to study gene action and combining ability of 15 morphological and biochemical traits. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the environments and interaction of genotype and environment, except for fruit length to width ratio. Additive gene effects were significant for the inheritance of these traits and expression of these additive genes were greatly affected by environments. The general combining ability (GCA) was greater than their respective specific combining ability (SCA) for all traits except for fruit yield per plant. High values of GCA and SCA effects for characters of interest were dispersed among different genotypes. From this study it was observed...
Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its ada... more Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its adaptability and stability across environments especially prior to release of the newly developed variety for commercial cultivation. The growth performance and phenotypic variability of these genotypes are the combination of environment, genotype and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction factors. Thus, evaluation creates an opportunity for effective selection of superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the newly developed blast resistant rice lines in varied environmental conditions, precisely measure the response of the advanced lines in multiple environments and classify the genotypes into groups that could serve as varieties for commercial cultivation. Genetic materials included 18 improved blast resistant rice lines and the recipient parent MR219. The total of 19 newly developed genotypes was evaluated under four varied environments in Peninsular Malaysia. ...
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are primarily found in plants stem, roots, and other o... more Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are primarily found in plants stem, roots, and other organs and play significant roles in tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Plants synthesize a discrete set of LEA proteins in response to drought stress. In this study, the expression patterns of LEA genes were investigated in two advanced mutant rice genotypes subjected to the drought stress condition and different physiological traits including photosynthetic rate, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) which were analyzed to confirm their drought tolerance. Five LEA genes (OsLEA1, OsLEA2, OsLEA3, OsLEA4, and OsLEA5) were used in the evaluation of rice genotypes and were significantly upregulated by more than 4-fold for MR219-4 and MR219-9. The upregulated genes by these two varieties showed high similarity with the drought-tolerant check variety, Aeron1. This indicates that these advanced mutant genotypes have better tolerance to drought ...
Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews, Jan 25, 2017
Studying the strategies of improving abiotic stress tolerance is quite imperative and research un... more Studying the strategies of improving abiotic stress tolerance is quite imperative and research under this field will increase our understanding of response mechanisms to abiotic stress such as heat. The Hsp70 is an essential regulator of protein having the tendency to maintain internal cell stability like proper folding protein and breakdown of unfolded proteins. Hsp70 holds together protein substrates to help in movement, regulation, and prevent aggregation under physical and or chemical pressure. However, this review reports the molecular mechanism of heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) action and its structural and functional analysis, research progress on the interaction of Hsp70 with other proteins and their interaction mechanisms as well as the involvement of Hsp70 in abiotic stress responses as an adaptive defense mechanism.
Backcrossing together with simple sequence repeat marker strategy was adopted to improve popular ... more Backcrossing together with simple sequence repeat marker strategy was adopted to improve popular Malaysian chilli Kulai (Capsicum annuum L.) for heat tolerance. The use of molecular markers in backcross breeding and selection contributes significantly to overcoming the main drawbacks such as increase linkage drag and time consumption, in the ancient manual breeding approach (conventional), and speeds up the genome recovery of the recurrent parent. The strategy was adopted to introgress heat shock protein gene(s) from AVPP0702 (C. annuum L.), which are heat-tolerant, into the genetic profile of Kulai, a popular high-yielding chilli but which is heat sensitive. The parents were grown on seed trays, and parental screening was carried out with 252 simple sequence repeat markers. The selected parents were crossed and backcrossed to generate Fhybrids and backcross generations. Sixty-eight markers appeared to be polymorphic and were used to assess the backcross generation; BCF, BCFand BCF....
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