Aim: The present study aims to profile and compare the nature and frequency of verbal perseverato... more Aim: The present study aims to profile and compare the nature and frequency of verbal perseveratory characteristics in the speech of subcortical aphasics and normal elderly population. Materials and Method: A total of 60 participants of 2 groups (native Malayalam speakers) in the age range of 40-80 years were included in the current study. Group I included 30 subcortical aphasics of basal ganglia lesion. Control group (group II) consisted of normal 30
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 2019
Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specif... more Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specific to phonology which is the basic form of language Aim: to investigate the impact of aging on phonology through word and non word repetition task in successive bilinguals Method: 150 bilingual adults with age range of 30 and 80 years, sub grouped into 31-40years, 41-50years, 51-60years, 61-70years and 71-80years, were subjected to word and non word repetition task in their first and second language (Malayalam and English). Results: Overall analysis revealed that subject performed better in their first language for both the tasks. Number of participants committing errors increased with age with more errors at greater syllabic length. Better performance was observed for repetition of words in both the language as compared to repetition of non-words. Most of the participants in older age groups committed omissions and segmentation errors followed by increased duration of latency. Substitution errors were negligible for both categories in either of the languages and transposition showed no evident trend. Conclusion: Aging creates difficulty in independent functioning of phonological working memory which has active involvement in production and processing of non-words where as repetition of words exploits both phonological working memory as well as semantic memory.
International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 2020
Introduction: Syntax mainly involves the grammatical aspects which knits the language to form a m... more Introduction: Syntax mainly involves the grammatical aspects which knits the language to form a meaningful element. Senescence impedes the processing and production of syntax which hampers the social-communication which in turn recede the quality of life even in healthy elderly. Need for the study: A Thorough dive in literature revealed that there is a gap in research in the areas concerned with syntax in normal healthy elderly. Also, Normative data obtained by conducting extensive studies in normal elderly will also eventually paves the way for controlled experiments in pathological cases as well. Aim: To analyze the impact of aging on comprehension and expression of syntax in neurotypical individuals. Method: 150 right handed neurotypical Malayalam speaking adults between the age range of 30-80 years without any neurological, psychological, speech and language problems participated in the study. Data on the domains of Morphophonemic structure, Plural form, Tenses, PNG Markers, Case markers, Transitives, Intransitives and Causatives, Sentence types, Predicates, Conjunctions, Comparatives, and Quotatives, Conditional clauses and Participal constructions were procured by administering Linguistic profile test. Results: Gradual decline of function began from the age of 60 onwards in all the domains for syntax comprehension as well as expression. Plural forms were relatively unaffected for syntax comprehension whereas as morphophonemic structures and tenses were better preserved for syntax expression. Conclusion: The structural and functional alterations related to aging in cortical structures of brain which mediates processing and production of syntax can lead to decline in the comprehension and expression of syntax. The processing and production of complex grammatical structures require the involvement of metacognitive linguistic skills, which have greater impact due to aging.
International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2021
Introduction: Metasyntax refers to higher order syntactic awareness which requires combined input... more Introduction: Metasyntax refers to higher order syntactic awareness which requires combined input from cognition and language. It is different from basic syntactic processing which is the unconscious understanding of rules governing word order. Like the many other cognitive skills, language as well as higher-order language skills are also known to show a decline with age. However, it is one of the uncharted realms of cognitive-linguistics. Aim: to determine the age of decline in metasyntax in healthy aging population Method: 150 Malayalam speaking healthy individuals within age group of 30-80 years participated in the study. A tool constituting two domains, which were word order violation and Morphosyntactic violation, was developed in Malayalam specifically for the assessment of metasyntax in these participants. Results: Mean and standard deviation scores were obtained for identifying the age of decline of metasyntactical abilities in healthy ageing. The scores revealed that the metasyntax showed a stable pattern till the age of 60 years. It tends to show a gradual decline from the age of 61 years. Further, Individuals above 60 years exhibited poor performance in morphosyntactic violation as compared to word order violations. Discussion: The gradual decline in Morphosyntax after the age of 60 years can be attributed to the general deterioration in cognitive and neurobiological changes associated with normal ageing. The poorer performance in morphosyntactic violations is due to its nature which requires greater cognitive working memory load and linguistic processing as compared to word order violations which to much extend rely on long term memory skills Conclusion: Our study substantiates that even though superficially the healthy older adults may not show any significant syntactic deficits, their cognitive-linguistic abilities as reflected in metasyntax, tends to spiral down from the age of 61 onwards.
Higher order semantics pertains to a person’s ability to develop an advanced vocabulary, understa... more Higher order semantics pertains to a person’s ability to develop an advanced vocabulary, understand word relationships, paraphrasing, reasoning, and developing the ability to look at things from another individual’s perspective. It has been proposed for some time that subcortical structures, including basal ganglia, thalamus, caudate nucleus, play an important role in the higher order semantic functions. Our study aimed at analyzing how higher order semantics are influenced by subcortical lesion. For this purpose, five semantic domains namely polar questions, semantic anomaly, syntagmatic relation, homonymy and figurative language were selected and assessed using a newly developed evaluation tool. This tool was administered on 30 participants with subcortical lesion without any aphasic component. Our results revealed that individual’s with subcortical lesion performed subpar in all the domains suggesting that pathologies of subcortex can inhibit the activation of semantic skills. Fu...
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 2019
Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specif... more Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specific to phonology which is the basic form of language Aim: to investigate the impact of aging on phonology through word and non word repetition task in successive bilinguals Method: 150 bilingual adults with age range of 30 and 80 years, sub grouped into 31-40years, 41-50years, 51-60years, 61-70years and 71-80years, were subjected to word and non word repetition task in their first and second language (Malayalam and English). Results: Overall analysis revealed that subject performed better in their first language for both the tasks. Number of participants committing errors increased with age with more errors at greater syllabic length. Better performance was observed for repetition of words in both the language as compared to repetition of non-words. Most of the participants in older age groups committed omissions and segmentation errors followed by increased duration of latency. Substitution errors were negligible for both categories in either of the languages and transposition showed no evident trend. Conclusion: Aging creates difficulty in independent functioning of phonological working memory which has active involvement in production and processing of non-words where as repetition of words exploits both phonological working memory as well as semantic memory.
International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2018
The functional dichotomy at the level of subcortex is debatable in terms of cognitive
linguistic ... more The functional dichotomy at the level of subcortex is debatable in terms of cognitive linguistic processes. The current study attempts to resolve these queries through in depth analysis of cognitive linguistic functions by administering CLAP-M on 15 participants with right subcortical lesion and 15 patients with left subcortical lesion. The results evinced significantly poorer performance by participants with right subcortical lesion. This astounding finding can be accredited to the presence of robust contralateral connections of right subcortex to left prefrontal cortex through medial claustrum.
Aim: The present study aims to profile and compare the nature and frequency of verbal perseverato... more Aim: The present study aims to profile and compare the nature and frequency of verbal perseveratory characteristics in the speech of subcortical aphasics and normal elderly population. Materials and Method: A total of 60 participants of 2 groups (native Malayalam speakers) in the age range of 40-80 years were included in the current study. Group I included 30 subcortical aphasics of basal ganglia lesion. Control group (group II) consisted of normal 30
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 2019
Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specif... more Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specific to phonology which is the basic form of language Aim: to investigate the impact of aging on phonology through word and non word repetition task in successive bilinguals Method: 150 bilingual adults with age range of 30 and 80 years, sub grouped into 31-40years, 41-50years, 51-60years, 61-70years and 71-80years, were subjected to word and non word repetition task in their first and second language (Malayalam and English). Results: Overall analysis revealed that subject performed better in their first language for both the tasks. Number of participants committing errors increased with age with more errors at greater syllabic length. Better performance was observed for repetition of words in both the language as compared to repetition of non-words. Most of the participants in older age groups committed omissions and segmentation errors followed by increased duration of latency. Substitution errors were negligible for both categories in either of the languages and transposition showed no evident trend. Conclusion: Aging creates difficulty in independent functioning of phonological working memory which has active involvement in production and processing of non-words where as repetition of words exploits both phonological working memory as well as semantic memory.
International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 2020
Introduction: Syntax mainly involves the grammatical aspects which knits the language to form a m... more Introduction: Syntax mainly involves the grammatical aspects which knits the language to form a meaningful element. Senescence impedes the processing and production of syntax which hampers the social-communication which in turn recede the quality of life even in healthy elderly. Need for the study: A Thorough dive in literature revealed that there is a gap in research in the areas concerned with syntax in normal healthy elderly. Also, Normative data obtained by conducting extensive studies in normal elderly will also eventually paves the way for controlled experiments in pathological cases as well. Aim: To analyze the impact of aging on comprehension and expression of syntax in neurotypical individuals. Method: 150 right handed neurotypical Malayalam speaking adults between the age range of 30-80 years without any neurological, psychological, speech and language problems participated in the study. Data on the domains of Morphophonemic structure, Plural form, Tenses, PNG Markers, Case markers, Transitives, Intransitives and Causatives, Sentence types, Predicates, Conjunctions, Comparatives, and Quotatives, Conditional clauses and Participal constructions were procured by administering Linguistic profile test. Results: Gradual decline of function began from the age of 60 onwards in all the domains for syntax comprehension as well as expression. Plural forms were relatively unaffected for syntax comprehension whereas as morphophonemic structures and tenses were better preserved for syntax expression. Conclusion: The structural and functional alterations related to aging in cortical structures of brain which mediates processing and production of syntax can lead to decline in the comprehension and expression of syntax. The processing and production of complex grammatical structures require the involvement of metacognitive linguistic skills, which have greater impact due to aging.
International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2021
Introduction: Metasyntax refers to higher order syntactic awareness which requires combined input... more Introduction: Metasyntax refers to higher order syntactic awareness which requires combined input from cognition and language. It is different from basic syntactic processing which is the unconscious understanding of rules governing word order. Like the many other cognitive skills, language as well as higher-order language skills are also known to show a decline with age. However, it is one of the uncharted realms of cognitive-linguistics. Aim: to determine the age of decline in metasyntax in healthy aging population Method: 150 Malayalam speaking healthy individuals within age group of 30-80 years participated in the study. A tool constituting two domains, which were word order violation and Morphosyntactic violation, was developed in Malayalam specifically for the assessment of metasyntax in these participants. Results: Mean and standard deviation scores were obtained for identifying the age of decline of metasyntactical abilities in healthy ageing. The scores revealed that the metasyntax showed a stable pattern till the age of 60 years. It tends to show a gradual decline from the age of 61 years. Further, Individuals above 60 years exhibited poor performance in morphosyntactic violation as compared to word order violations. Discussion: The gradual decline in Morphosyntax after the age of 60 years can be attributed to the general deterioration in cognitive and neurobiological changes associated with normal ageing. The poorer performance in morphosyntactic violations is due to its nature which requires greater cognitive working memory load and linguistic processing as compared to word order violations which to much extend rely on long term memory skills Conclusion: Our study substantiates that even though superficially the healthy older adults may not show any significant syntactic deficits, their cognitive-linguistic abilities as reflected in metasyntax, tends to spiral down from the age of 61 onwards.
Higher order semantics pertains to a person’s ability to develop an advanced vocabulary, understa... more Higher order semantics pertains to a person’s ability to develop an advanced vocabulary, understand word relationships, paraphrasing, reasoning, and developing the ability to look at things from another individual’s perspective. It has been proposed for some time that subcortical structures, including basal ganglia, thalamus, caudate nucleus, play an important role in the higher order semantic functions. Our study aimed at analyzing how higher order semantics are influenced by subcortical lesion. For this purpose, five semantic domains namely polar questions, semantic anomaly, syntagmatic relation, homonymy and figurative language were selected and assessed using a newly developed evaluation tool. This tool was administered on 30 participants with subcortical lesion without any aphasic component. Our results revealed that individual’s with subcortical lesion performed subpar in all the domains suggesting that pathologies of subcortex can inhibit the activation of semantic skills. Fu...
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, 2019
Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specif... more Need: impact of aging in language is a relatively new area with sparse substantial studies specific to phonology which is the basic form of language Aim: to investigate the impact of aging on phonology through word and non word repetition task in successive bilinguals Method: 150 bilingual adults with age range of 30 and 80 years, sub grouped into 31-40years, 41-50years, 51-60years, 61-70years and 71-80years, were subjected to word and non word repetition task in their first and second language (Malayalam and English). Results: Overall analysis revealed that subject performed better in their first language for both the tasks. Number of participants committing errors increased with age with more errors at greater syllabic length. Better performance was observed for repetition of words in both the language as compared to repetition of non-words. Most of the participants in older age groups committed omissions and segmentation errors followed by increased duration of latency. Substitution errors were negligible for both categories in either of the languages and transposition showed no evident trend. Conclusion: Aging creates difficulty in independent functioning of phonological working memory which has active involvement in production and processing of non-words where as repetition of words exploits both phonological working memory as well as semantic memory.
International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2018
The functional dichotomy at the level of subcortex is debatable in terms of cognitive
linguistic ... more The functional dichotomy at the level of subcortex is debatable in terms of cognitive linguistic processes. The current study attempts to resolve these queries through in depth analysis of cognitive linguistic functions by administering CLAP-M on 15 participants with right subcortical lesion and 15 patients with left subcortical lesion. The results evinced significantly poorer performance by participants with right subcortical lesion. This astounding finding can be accredited to the presence of robust contralateral connections of right subcortex to left prefrontal cortex through medial claustrum.
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linguistic processes. The current study attempts to resolve these queries through in depth analysis of cognitive linguistic functions by administering CLAP-M on 15 participants with right subcortical lesion and 15 patients with left subcortical lesion. The results evinced significantly poorer performance by participants with right subcortical lesion. This astounding finding can be accredited to the presence of robust contralateral connections of right subcortex to left prefrontal cortex through medial claustrum.
linguistic processes. The current study attempts to resolve these queries through in depth analysis of cognitive linguistic functions by administering CLAP-M on 15 participants with right subcortical lesion and 15 patients with left subcortical lesion. The results evinced significantly poorer performance by participants with right subcortical lesion. This astounding finding can be accredited to the presence of robust contralateral connections of right subcortex to left prefrontal cortex through medial claustrum.