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Abstract - Ninety seven samples of nine different fruits were collected from various agriculture farms of Winder area, cultivated over igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite (Cretaceous) and sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age (Ferozabad Group).In... more
Abstract - Ninety seven samples of nine different fruits were collected from various agriculture farms of Winder area, cultivated over igneous rocks of Bela Ophiolite (Cretaceous) and sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age (Ferozabad Group).In the present study Principal Component Analysis(PCA) has been employed to discriminate possible sources that influence trace element distribution in different fruits.It (PCA) revealed contribution of Mn and Ni from different segments of Bela Ophiolite, while the source of Zn and Cu is linked with MVT and Sedex-type mineralization present in the area. Cluster Analysis (CA) of different fruits organized sampling sites into two or three statistically significant groups mainly on the basis of Fe, Co, Cu and Zn concentration. Trace elements content showed wide variation in concentration with respect to sample sites and fruit type in the study area. The fruits of M. zapota (Chikoo) showed higher concentration of Fe (14mg/kg) among the other trace elements. The trace element assemblage of mango (M. indica) shows wide spread but at low magnitude. Iron (3.3mg/kg), Cr (2.6mg/kg), Zn (1.8mg/kg) and Cu (1.6mg/kg) are the main contributors. Comparatively, fruits of some locations have shown highest intake of trace elements relatively daily recommended.
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The groundwater resources have always been explored for its utilization in domestic and agriculture purposes. In this study, Winder area in Balochistan which is along the coast of Offshore Indus Basin has been explored using electrical... more
The groundwater resources have always been explored for its utilization in domestic and agriculture purposes. In this study, Winder area in Balochistan which is along the coast of Offshore Indus Basin has been explored using electrical resistivity method for deeper understanding of hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical conditions. Schlumberger electrode arrays have been used to acquire vertical electrical sounding data for 23 different sites in this area. The field data were calibrated with theoretical curves during processing using software with graphical interface. The true resistivities, depths, thicknesses, aquifer attributes, soil type and groundwater quality has been extracted from the processed data. Pseudo-sections and geo-electrical lithology sections have been generated for lateral distribution of hydrogeological settings. Furthermore, Dar-zarrouk parameters calculations have been made and 3D surfaces generated at 30m and 60 m depth for transverse resistance (T), longitudin...
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A systems approach to agriculture has gained favour
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Mineralogical and petrological study of ultramafic rocks of Bela Ophiolite of Cretaceous age revealed serpentinization after harzburgite. It is further evident on SiO2/MgO vs. Al2O3, molar ratio Si/Mg+Fe vs. LOI and MgO-SiO2-LOI diagrams.... more
Mineralogical and petrological study of ultramafic rocks of Bela Ophiolite of Cretaceous age revealed serpentinization after harzburgite. It is further evident on SiO2/MgO vs. Al2O3, molar ratio Si/Mg+Fe vs. LOI and MgO-SiO2-LOI diagrams. The XRD analysis also showed occurrence of olivine, different members of pyroxene and serpentine groups. The three polymorphous of serpentines can be distinguished on (Fe2++ Mg2+)/(Fe3++A13+) vs. H2O diagram, reflecting thermal regime in the study area. The analyzed samples of the study area showed relevance with Alpine peridotites. The plots MgO versus CaO and Ni show relation with average primitive mantle. The high amount of Ni and low content of Al2O3 in the study area indicates depleted-mantle peridotite. The parent rock is classified on the basis of Al/Si (av. 0.031) and Mg/Si (av. 1.05) ratios as harzburgite. The altered harzburgites displayed as serpentines on SiO2 vs. LOI plot and SiO2-(Al2O3+Fe2O3)-MgO triangular diagram.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyse patients' educational status and awareness regarding tuberculosis in the context of demographic distribution. METHODS The survey-based study was conducted at Tuberculosis Diagnostic Centres in... more
OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyse patients' educational status and awareness regarding tuberculosis in the context of demographic distribution. METHODS The survey-based study was conducted at Tuberculosis Diagnostic Centres in Karachi from March to October 2013. A predesigned questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. It was filled through face-to-face interviews. Data was anylsed using SPSS 20. RESULTS Of the 1260 respondents, 646(51.2%) were women and 614(48.7%) were men. Women were more affected by extra pulmonary tuberculosis (65%; n=123) compared to men (35%; n=65), while the reverse was the case for pulmonary tuberculosis, with men accounting for 52% (n=557) and women 48% (n=514). Pulmonary tuberculosis was prevalent in all age groups of both genders, but was most notable in the 11-30 years age group. Educational status of tuberculosis patients indicated men as being more educated with 52% (n=91) and 55% (n=258) for above and below secondary school certificate ...
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An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of... more
An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of certain trace elements, upon weathering these elements are concentrated in the soil of the area. The trace elements concentration in the soil were found in the range of 0.8-197 for Fe, 1.23-140 for Mn, 0.03-16.7 for Zn, 0.07-9.8 for Cr, 0.05-2.0 for Co, 0.52-13.3 for Ni, 0.03-8.8 for Cu, 0.08-10.55 for Pb and 0.13-1.8μg/g for Cd. The distribution pattern of elements in the rocks and soils reflected genetic affiliation. Promising elements of edible part of the fruit were Fe (14.17), Mn (1.49), Cr (2.96), Ni (1.13), Co (0.92), Cu (1.70) and Zn (1.02μg/g). The concentration of these elements in the fruits is above the optimum level of recommended dietary intake, probably due to this, disorder in the human health is suspected in the inhabitants of the area.
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According to 1998 Population and Housing Census of Pakistan, there were over 19.3 million housing units in the country as compared to 12.6 million enumerated in 1980, showing an increase of 53.2 percent. The housing and construction... more
According to 1998 Population and Housing Census of Pakistan, there were over 19.3 million housing units in the country as compared to 12.6 million enumerated in 1980, showing an increase of 53.2 percent. The housing and construction sector remained neglected in the past which resulted in housing backlog of over 4.3 million units. In order to make up the backlog and meet the shortfall in the next 20 years, the overall housing production has to be raised to 500,000 housing units per annum.The present study covers housing ownership and housing facilities in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Sindh, the second largest province in terms of population and third in terms of area of Pakistan also known as the revenue engine of Pakistan must focus its attention on this sector as houseless ness can cause reverse gear in the engine.
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Aims: The study is aimed to evaluate the concentrat ion of trace elements and irrigation quality of the groundwater of Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan. Study Design:The ophiolitic rocks of the study area upon weathering, contributed a large... more
Aims: The study is aimed to evaluate the concentrat ion of trace elements and irrigation quality of the groundwater of Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan. Study Design:The ophiolitic rocks of the study area upon weathering, contributed a large amount of certain trace elements to the groundwater. Samples of grou ndwater were collected and analyzed for trace elements. Place and Duration of Study:The study arealaysin the southern extremity of 450km long Bela Ophiolite, Balochistan, Pakistan. The work was carried out during 2011 -2012. Methodology: Sample collection and estimation of physical properties and chemical composition of water were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of trace elements were estimated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results:The trace elements concentratio n in the groundwater were found in the range of 8-800 for Zn, 14-107 for Cu, 13-103 for Cr, 32-1814 for Fe, 15-102 for Mn, 01-430 for Ni, 01-28 for Co, 16-139 for Pb and 1 -30mg/kg for Cd.
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Thirty stands were sampled in forests dominated by Olea ferruginea during summer in 2008. Phytosociological attributes like relative frequency, density, basal area and absolute values such as density ha -1 and basal area m 2 ha -1 of... more
Thirty stands were sampled in forests dominated by Olea ferruginea during summer in 2008. Phytosociological attributes like relative frequency, density, basal area and absolute values such as density ha -1 and basal area m 2 ha -1 of stands and species are
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Karachi, megapolis has witnessed numerous massive homicide incidents waves through the ages. More than ten thousand persons were murdered during 2009-2017. Being a largest cosmopolitan and commercial city of Pakistan, Karachi has a... more
Karachi, megapolis has witnessed numerous massive homicide incidents waves through the ages. More than ten thousand persons were murdered during 2009-2017. Being a largest cosmopolitan and commercial city of Pakistan, Karachi has a variety of ethnic groups clustered into a highly variegated number of ethnic political groups who on the slightest pretext entangle clashes and head on collisions. Homicide, a primeval crime has been constantly increasing globally with varying spatio-temporal fluctuations depending on level of development of countries, which influences the socio-cultural and political environments of societies. There are various studies on crimes in Karachi but none of them have evaluated their ethnic jolts line with reference of geo-demography. The study is aimed to facilitate concerned authorities, policy makers and scholars towards designing crime elimination guidelines and policies for the most politically, economically and socially strategic hub of the country. Data ...
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Understanding the spatial growth of cities is crucial for proactive planning and sustainable urbanization. The largest and most densely inhabited megapolis of Pakistan, Karachi, has experienced massive spatial growth not only in the core... more
Understanding the spatial growth of cities is crucial for proactive planning and sustainable urbanization. The largest and most densely inhabited megapolis of Pakistan, Karachi, has experienced massive spatial growth not only in the core areas of the city, but also in the city’s suburbs and outskirts over the past decades. In this study, the land use/land cover (LULC) in Karachi was classified using Landsat data and the random forest algorithm from the Google Earth Engine cloud platform for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Land use/land cover classification maps as well as an urban sprawl matrix technique were used to analyze the geographical patterns and trends of urban sprawl. Six urban classes, namely, the primary urban core, secondary urban core, sub-urban fringe, scatter settlement, urban open space, and non-urban area, were determined for the exploration of urban landscape changes. Future scenarios of LULC for 2030 were predicted using a CA–Markov model. The study found t...
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The geographical concentration of criminal violence is closely associated with the social, demographic, and economic structural characteristics of neighborhoods. However, few studies have investigated homicide patterns and their... more
The geographical concentration of criminal violence is closely associated with the social, demographic, and economic structural characteristics of neighborhoods. However, few studies have investigated homicide patterns and their relationships with neighborhoods in South Asian cities. In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of homicide incidences in Karachi from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) method. Generalized linear modeling (GLM) and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) methods were implemented to examine the relationship between influential factors and the number of homicides during the 2009–2018 period. The results demonstrate that the homicide hotspot or clustered areas with high homicide counts expanded from 2009 to 2013 and decreased from 2013 to 2018. The number of homicides in the 2017–2018 period had a positive relationship with the percentage of the population speaking Balochi. The unplanned areas...
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An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of... more
An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of certain trace elements, upon weathering these elements are concentrated in the soil of the area. The trace elements concentration in the soil were found in the range of 0.8-197 for Fe, 1.23-140 for Mn, 0.03-16.7 for Zn, 0.07-9.8 for Cr, 0.05-2.0 for Co, 0.52-13.3 for Ni, 0.03-8.8 for Cu, 0.08-10.55 for Pb and 0.13-1.8μg/g for Cd. The distribution pattern of elements in the rocks and soils reflected genetic affiliation. Promising elements of edible part of the fruit were Fe (14.17), Mn (1.49), Cr (2.96), Ni (1.13), Co (0.92), Cu (1.70) and Zn (1.02μg/g). The concentration of these elements in the fruits is above the optimum level of recommended dietary intake, probably due to this, disorder in the human health is suspected in the inhabitants of the area.
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To investigate and analyse patients' educational status and awareness regarding tuberculosis in the context of demographic distribution. The survey-based study was conducted at Tuberculosis Diagnostic Centres in Karachi from March to... more
To investigate and analyse patients' educational status and awareness regarding tuberculosis in the context of demographic distribution. The survey-based study was conducted at Tuberculosis Diagnostic Centres in Karachi from March to October 2013. A predesigned questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. It was filled through face-to-face interviews. Data was anylsed using SPSS 20. Of the 1260 respondents, 646(51.2%) were women and 614(48.7%) were men. Women were more affected by extra pulmonary tuberculosis (65%; n=123) compared to men (35%; n=65), while the reverse was the case for pulmonary tuberculosis, with men accounting for 52% (n=557) and women 48% (n=514). Pulmonary tuberculosis was prevalent in all age groups of both genders, but was most notable in the 11-30 years age group. Educational status of tuberculosis patients indicated men as being more educated with 52% (n=91) and 55% (n=258) for above and below secondary school certificate level or education respect...
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A number of serious studies have been conducted to decipher relationships between geological environment, potable/ drinking water, and diseases as they were considered to have triggered suffering due to diseases among people. Chronic... more
A number of serious studies have been conducted to decipher relationships between geological environment, potable/ drinking water, and diseases as they were considered to have triggered suffering due to diseases among people. Chronic anemia can be caused by prolonged exposure to drinking water contaminated with cadmium (Cd). Under such circumstances, accumulation of Cd is manifested in the kidney, resulting in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study is to present the impact of Cd-contaminated drinking water on human health among the residents of villages in Winder. Collection of about 48 groundwater samples at an average distance of 1 to 2 km between the sampling sites has enabled a sufficient geological representation of distribution of minerals and elements in the samples. Concentration and comparison of Cd in the study area sample sites reveal highest values (24.2-30.0 ppb) in the northeastern and southeastern sectors, covering parts of all three geological areas of Bela Ophiolite of Cretaceous age. Conducted questionnaire surveys provided relevance between cause and effect nature of Cd bearing diseases among which kidney, joint, and night blindness are more prominent. Due to this phenomena, toxic risk of Cd in drinking water was high as per calculated health hazard indices. The use of this water by the villagers may cause health problems and disorders among the inhabitants of the area.
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An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of... more
An integrated study of rocks, soils and fruits of Manilkara zapota (L.) (Sapotaceae) of Winder area have been carried out to elaborate trace elements relationship between them. The igneous rocks of the study area have elevated amount of certain trace elements, upon weathering these elements are concentrated in the soil of the area. The trace elements concentration in the soil were found in the range of 0.8-197 for Fe, 1.23-140 for Mn, 0.03-16.7 for Zn, 0.07-9.8 for Cr, 0.05-2.0 for Co, 0.52-13.3 for Ni, 0.03-8.8 for Cu, 0.08-10.55 for Pb and 0.13-1.8μg/g for Cd. The distribution pattern of elements in the rocks and soils reflected genetic affiliation. Promising elements of edible part of the fruit were Fe (14.17), Mn (1.49), Cr (2.96), Ni (1.13), Co (0.92), Cu (1.70) and Zn (1.02μg/g). The concentration of these elements in the fruits is above the optimum level of recommended dietary intake, probably due to this, disorder in the human health is suspected in the inhabitants of the area.
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A systems approach to agriculture has gained favour over recent years, partly because it highlights inter-relationships touching on some important agricultural issues. Nutrition may be denoted in terms of protein intake or calorific... more
A systems approach to agriculture has gained favour over recent years, partly because it highlights inter-relationships touching on some important agricultural issues. Nutrition may be denoted in terms of protein intake or calorific intake, but in view of the varied proportion of population in different age and sex groups, as well as groups based on occupational and biological needs, and
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Abstract Sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age (Ferozabad group) and igneous rocks (Bela Ophiolite) of Cretaceous age are widely exposed in the east of Winder Town, Balochistan. Representative 48 water and soil samples were collected and... more
Abstract Sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age (Ferozabad group) and igneous rocks (Bela Ophiolite) of Cretaceous age are widely exposed in the east of Winder Town, Balochistan. Representative 48 water and soil samples were collected and analyzed for Cd and other elements. The present study showed that water samples were contaminated by the Cd ion and most of the samples have
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Abstract: The cryptocrystalline magnesite deposits of Khuzdar region are Kraubath-type and are hosted within serpentinized harzburgites. Mineralogical studies (XRD) revealed high magnesite in association of dolomite, calcite, Mg-calcite,... more
Abstract: The cryptocrystalline magnesite deposits of Khuzdar region are Kraubath-type and are hosted within serpentinized harzburgites. Mineralogical studies (XRD) revealed high magnesite in association of dolomite, calcite, Mg-calcite, artinite, huntite, brucite and Fe-magnesite ...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant... more
Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Karachi, Pakistan, and even with the discovery of other infectious diseases no significant change is evident in its epidemiological profile while analyzing spatio-temporal incidence. There are significant evidences to support the fact that poverty is the main cause of TB. A number of scholarly analyses have documented associations among patients' characteristics e.g. sex, age group, social, economic and ecological factors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate pattern of patients' histories regarding recently and previously infected family members because people of the study area have revealed very serious concerns regarding their family members, especially their parent. In addition, the study has identified the more affected age groups and its relationship with income variations among the patients. Eleven selected variables have been employed in the present study for analysis on the basis of data having been compiled through structured and open–ended questionnaires conducted among TB patients at diagnostic centers. An insight into the variables reveals that lopsided, income distribution is of major significance in the purview of socioeconomic factors and is categorically responsible for the spread of tuberculosis in Karachi. The results of the present study can serve as a guideline for city authorities to improve living conditions and quality of life in the city as a whole especially in the down town areas.