During the present study it was observed that the Forest Development Agencies and Village Forest ... more During the present study it was observed that the Forest Development Agencies and Village Forest Committees play an important role in National Afforestration Programs by protection and conservation of natural resources through their active involvement. The FDA’s also helps in securing people’s participation in planning and regeneration efforts to ensure sustainability and equitable distribution of forest products from the regenerated lands, and to promote the partnership concept in the management and administration of forest and common property resources (CPRs) in the Forest Division. 1500 ha (Natural regeneration 270 ha, Artificial regeneration 960 ha and Pasture regeneration 270 ha) of afforestration works was done by the Village Forest Committees (VFC’s) under Forest Development Agency (FDA) from the year 2003 to 2007 in the forest division.
All forest land area in Jammu and Kashmir is State owned and are under the technical and administ... more All forest land area in Jammu and Kashmir is State owned and are under the technical and administrative control of the State Forest Department. The department is, therefore, managing these forests in the interest of the State. The State interest has too often been expressed as an extension of the policies of the State and Central Govt. which usually focus on exploitation of these forests for the overall development of the State, as a result of which the local communities which inhabit the forest under exploitation are marginalized. Participatory Forest Management got its formal shape in the year 1990. A need has arise to evaluate the impact of this management tool. 58 VFCs are functioning both with the Social Forestry projects and the territorial wings of the forest departments for the rehabilitation of the forest land of Kupwara District. A study was taken up in Shumeriyal and Doban Village committees to assess the impact of Joint Forest Management on the socio-economic development...
The present study was carried out to understand the fuelwood resource use pattern by semi-nomadic... more The present study was carried out to understand the fuelwood resource use pattern by semi-nomadic pastoralist community (Van Gujjar) and adjacent villagers in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. A total of nineteen settlements of Van Gujjars and fourteen adjacent villages were surveyed. Overall average fuelwood consumption of Van Gujjars community was found higher than adjacent villagers. But the average per capita fuelwood consumption of adjacent villagers was found higher than Van Gujjars. The fuelwood consumption by both communities was 1584.1 t dm and the observed total deforested wood was found 833.73 m 3 , which leads to the emission of various green house gasses. Inaccessibility of the area, lack of communication, high prices and a limited supply of alternative source of energy are largely responsible for the total dependence on nearby forests for fuelwood, fodder and other life supporting demands.
Soil-based agriculture is facing some major challenges with the advent of civilization all over t... more Soil-based agriculture is facing some major challenges with the advent of civilization all over the world, such as decrease per capita land availability. Apart from this, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as threats from climate change and its related adverse effect, the land cultivation is going to further facing challenging threats. Under such circumstances, in the near future it becomes intricate to feed the entire population using the production from soil field system. Naturally, soil-less culture is becoming more relevant in the present scenario, to cope-up with these challenges. ―Soilless Culture‖ is the growing of plants that imitate soil-base gardening by using many kinds of growing media as for example inorganic substance, organic substance and synthetic substrates. Soilless culture is the fastest growing sector of agriculture, and it could be impetus to food production in the future. The industry is expected to grow exponentially also in future, as co...
Angelica glauca (Apiaceae), endemic to the Himalaya, is a critically endangered medicinal herb fo... more Angelica glauca (Apiaceae), endemic to the Himalaya, is a critically endangered medicinal herb for which, beside in situ conservation, ex situ cultivation is recommended to overcome poor seed germination that limits natural reproduction in the species the present study was conducted to examine; (i) the effect different growing media on seed germination (ii) effect of different growing media on growth parameters (shoot and root length and weight). All experiments were arranged, in completely randomized design (CRD) in open and under shade net house conditions with 9 treatments were applied with 3 replications in each treatment. The results showed that the Sand + Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1:1) showed significant positive effect on seed germination and seedling development and can be treated as best suited growing media.
The present study was carried out to assess the economic viability of Angelica glauca. Cost benef... more The present study was carried out to assess the economic viability of Angelica glauca. Cost benefit ratio tool was used to assess the net benefit that could lure the local farm community to bring this important species in farm cultivation and thus promote the ex-situ conservation of species. To observe the economic yield of plants, underground parts of the plant from treatments were uprooted at the end of growing season. Cost benefit analysis was calculated on the basis of total output in the form of cash and total investment on various development activities. The cost of cultivation including all the inputs among different treatments varied from Rs. 76606.47 (F0) to Rs. 114544.28 (F6). Similarly, while calculating the return, the total dry plant biomass obtained was multiplied by the average of prevailing market rate of Angelica glauca. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) among the various treatments varied from 1.91 (F2) to 2.49 (F7) and the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.49 was observe...
The present study was carried out to investigate the rooting response of juvenile shoot cuttings ... more The present study was carried out to investigate the rooting response of juvenile shoot cuttings of Lagerstroemia speciosa, a deciduous tree species of Southeast Asia. Highly significant variation at P<0.001 level was observed on mean rooting percentage in all treatments with maximum (93.33%) in untreated cuttings (control) followed by (80.70%) in IBA 2000 ppm and minimum (74.70%) in IBA 4000 ppm. Maximum number of roots and root length were recorded in IBA 4000 ppm treated cuttings.
An attempt was made to induce rooting from binodal cuttings of Dendrocalamus giganteus under natu... more An attempt was made to induce rooting from binodal cuttings of Dendrocalamus giganteus under natural conditions. The binodal cuttings were pretreated with different concentrations of IAA, NAA and IBA and kept in open sun light. Maximum (40.42%) rooting percentage, were recorded in untreated cuttings that is control with (1.90) number of roots and (18.67 cm) root length followed by the cutting as treated with IBA 500 ppm with (37.71%), (1.79) number of roots and (19.45 cm) root length. The adventitious rooting was obtained after three months from the planting. However, minimum (28.12%) rooting percentage were achieved in the cuttings treated with NAA 500 ppm with (1.76) number of roots and (18.32 cm) root length. Variation in all the Physiological characters with treatment was significant at 0.1% except with the number of roots which was significant at 0.2%, respectively.
The present investigation was carried out to document ethano-medicinal plant diversity in agrofor... more The present investigation was carried out to document ethano-medicinal plant diversity in agroforestry land-use in Govind pashuvihar wildlife sanctuary Uttarakhand. For the present study 10 sample plots of 1 hectare each were randomly placed in 5 selected villages across the wildlife sanctuary. A total of 29 plant species including 22 herbs, 5 shrubs and 2 tree species were recorded to have medicinal importance in the local recipe. Asteraceae (4), Rosaceae (4) and Polygonaceae (4) form the dominant families of medicinal importance. These plants were used to treat a total of 17 different diseases. The medicinal plants in high altitudes are facing multiple threats due to multiple causes and it is thus imperative to have alternative land-use for conservation of these medicinal plants and agroforestry being the prominent land-use could be precursor for the conservation of medicinal plants and evade pressure from the natural habitat.
A survey for documentation of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by the farmer community to c... more A survey for documentation of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by the farmer community to cure animal diseases in Tehri District of Garhwal Himalaya. Two Gram Sabha viz. Tokoli and Quali and three villages under each Gram sabha were randomly selected for the study. Ethno-veterinary information was gathered through individual interviews and personal observations among the farmer community. A total of 35 species of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants belongs to 26 families and 34 genera were recorded in the study with the help of ethno-veterinary traditional healers. These 35 medicinal plant species were dominated by herbaceous flora and were used to cure almost 30 different diseases. Leaves were dominant part of the plant used to cure different livestock diseases. Traditional healers relay on visual, audio and tactile senses to establish a diagnosis and on rare occasions the diagnosis failed and cause death of animal in acute pain. The result of the present study highlighted that...
Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem located in coastal area that provides various important... more Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem located in coastal area that provides various important ecological and economical services. One of the services provided by mangrove forest is the ability to act as carbon sink by sequestering CO2 from atmosphere through photosynthesis and carbon burial on the sediment. The carbon buried on mangrove sediment may persist for millennia before return to the atmosphere, and thus act as an effective long-term carbon sink. Therefore, it is important to understand the distribution of carbon stored within mangrove forest in a spatial and temporal context. In this paper, an effort to map carbon stocks in mangrove forest is presented using remote sensing technology to overcome the handicap encountered by field survey. In mangrove carbon stock mapping, the use of medium spatial resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ is emphasized. Landsat 7 ETM+ images are relatively cheap, widely available and have large area coverage, and thus provide a cost and time effective way of mapping mangrove carbon stocks. Using field data, two image processing techniques namely Vegetation Index and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) were evaluated to find the best method to explain the variation in mangrove carbon stocks using remote sensing data. In addition, we also tried to estimate mangrove carbon sequestration rate via multitemporal analysis. Finally, the technique which produces significantly better result was used to produce a map of mangrove forest carbon stocks, which is spatially extensive and temporally repetitive.
... 1.3 Soil organic carbon stock estimation The mean SOC content for individual soil series was ... more ... 1.3 Soil organic carbon stock estimation The mean SOC content for individual soil series was obtained from a report " Soil Series of Jiangsu ', which contained statistical data of depth, bulk density and SOC content of individual horizons. ...
Estimation of carbon sequestration in the forest sector should take into consideration changes in... more Estimation of carbon sequestration in the forest sector should take into consideration changes in carbon stock in all carbon pools, including above-ground and below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood and soil. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of carbon stocks in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan’s forest sector. According to data from published reports and nationwide surveys, the carbon stock in forest litter is less than that indicated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for temperate and cool temperate forests; for example, coniferous species showed 4.4 Mg C ha−1 for Cryptomeria japonica and 3.1 Mg C ha−1 for Chamaecyparis obtusa, and broad-leaved species ranged from 3.5 Mg C ha−1 for Castanopsis spp. to 7.3 Mg C ha−1 for Fagus spp. For deadwood carbon stock, coniferous plantations with a record of non-commercial thinning showed 17.1 Mg C ha−1 and semi-natural broad-leaved forests showed 5.3 Mg C ha−1 on average, although only limited data were available. The black soil group (comparable to Andosols and Andisols) showed large carbon stocks in soil layers 0–30 cm deep (130 Mg C ha−1). The brown forest soil group (Cambisols and Inceptisols), occupying the most dominant area, showed a carbon stock of 87.0 Mg C ha−1 on average, which was similar to the data shown in the IPCC guidelines. In a comparison of land use between the forest sector and the agricultural sector for the same soil group, the carbon stock in the agricultural soil was 21% lower and in the grassland soil it was 18% higher than the stock in the forest soil. In this review, we also discuss issues for improving the estimation method and inventory of carbon stock in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan.
During the present study it was observed that the Forest Development Agencies and Village Forest ... more During the present study it was observed that the Forest Development Agencies and Village Forest Committees play an important role in National Afforestration Programs by protection and conservation of natural resources through their active involvement. The FDA’s also helps in securing people’s participation in planning and regeneration efforts to ensure sustainability and equitable distribution of forest products from the regenerated lands, and to promote the partnership concept in the management and administration of forest and common property resources (CPRs) in the Forest Division. 1500 ha (Natural regeneration 270 ha, Artificial regeneration 960 ha and Pasture regeneration 270 ha) of afforestration works was done by the Village Forest Committees (VFC’s) under Forest Development Agency (FDA) from the year 2003 to 2007 in the forest division.
All forest land area in Jammu and Kashmir is State owned and are under the technical and administ... more All forest land area in Jammu and Kashmir is State owned and are under the technical and administrative control of the State Forest Department. The department is, therefore, managing these forests in the interest of the State. The State interest has too often been expressed as an extension of the policies of the State and Central Govt. which usually focus on exploitation of these forests for the overall development of the State, as a result of which the local communities which inhabit the forest under exploitation are marginalized. Participatory Forest Management got its formal shape in the year 1990. A need has arise to evaluate the impact of this management tool. 58 VFCs are functioning both with the Social Forestry projects and the territorial wings of the forest departments for the rehabilitation of the forest land of Kupwara District. A study was taken up in Shumeriyal and Doban Village committees to assess the impact of Joint Forest Management on the socio-economic development...
The present study was carried out to understand the fuelwood resource use pattern by semi-nomadic... more The present study was carried out to understand the fuelwood resource use pattern by semi-nomadic pastoralist community (Van Gujjar) and adjacent villagers in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. A total of nineteen settlements of Van Gujjars and fourteen adjacent villages were surveyed. Overall average fuelwood consumption of Van Gujjars community was found higher than adjacent villagers. But the average per capita fuelwood consumption of adjacent villagers was found higher than Van Gujjars. The fuelwood consumption by both communities was 1584.1 t dm and the observed total deforested wood was found 833.73 m 3 , which leads to the emission of various green house gasses. Inaccessibility of the area, lack of communication, high prices and a limited supply of alternative source of energy are largely responsible for the total dependence on nearby forests for fuelwood, fodder and other life supporting demands.
Soil-based agriculture is facing some major challenges with the advent of civilization all over t... more Soil-based agriculture is facing some major challenges with the advent of civilization all over the world, such as decrease per capita land availability. Apart from this, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as threats from climate change and its related adverse effect, the land cultivation is going to further facing challenging threats. Under such circumstances, in the near future it becomes intricate to feed the entire population using the production from soil field system. Naturally, soil-less culture is becoming more relevant in the present scenario, to cope-up with these challenges. ―Soilless Culture‖ is the growing of plants that imitate soil-base gardening by using many kinds of growing media as for example inorganic substance, organic substance and synthetic substrates. Soilless culture is the fastest growing sector of agriculture, and it could be impetus to food production in the future. The industry is expected to grow exponentially also in future, as co...
Angelica glauca (Apiaceae), endemic to the Himalaya, is a critically endangered medicinal herb fo... more Angelica glauca (Apiaceae), endemic to the Himalaya, is a critically endangered medicinal herb for which, beside in situ conservation, ex situ cultivation is recommended to overcome poor seed germination that limits natural reproduction in the species the present study was conducted to examine; (i) the effect different growing media on seed germination (ii) effect of different growing media on growth parameters (shoot and root length and weight). All experiments were arranged, in completely randomized design (CRD) in open and under shade net house conditions with 9 treatments were applied with 3 replications in each treatment. The results showed that the Sand + Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1:1) showed significant positive effect on seed germination and seedling development and can be treated as best suited growing media.
The present study was carried out to assess the economic viability of Angelica glauca. Cost benef... more The present study was carried out to assess the economic viability of Angelica glauca. Cost benefit ratio tool was used to assess the net benefit that could lure the local farm community to bring this important species in farm cultivation and thus promote the ex-situ conservation of species. To observe the economic yield of plants, underground parts of the plant from treatments were uprooted at the end of growing season. Cost benefit analysis was calculated on the basis of total output in the form of cash and total investment on various development activities. The cost of cultivation including all the inputs among different treatments varied from Rs. 76606.47 (F0) to Rs. 114544.28 (F6). Similarly, while calculating the return, the total dry plant biomass obtained was multiplied by the average of prevailing market rate of Angelica glauca. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) among the various treatments varied from 1.91 (F2) to 2.49 (F7) and the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.49 was observe...
The present study was carried out to investigate the rooting response of juvenile shoot cuttings ... more The present study was carried out to investigate the rooting response of juvenile shoot cuttings of Lagerstroemia speciosa, a deciduous tree species of Southeast Asia. Highly significant variation at P<0.001 level was observed on mean rooting percentage in all treatments with maximum (93.33%) in untreated cuttings (control) followed by (80.70%) in IBA 2000 ppm and minimum (74.70%) in IBA 4000 ppm. Maximum number of roots and root length were recorded in IBA 4000 ppm treated cuttings.
An attempt was made to induce rooting from binodal cuttings of Dendrocalamus giganteus under natu... more An attempt was made to induce rooting from binodal cuttings of Dendrocalamus giganteus under natural conditions. The binodal cuttings were pretreated with different concentrations of IAA, NAA and IBA and kept in open sun light. Maximum (40.42%) rooting percentage, were recorded in untreated cuttings that is control with (1.90) number of roots and (18.67 cm) root length followed by the cutting as treated with IBA 500 ppm with (37.71%), (1.79) number of roots and (19.45 cm) root length. The adventitious rooting was obtained after three months from the planting. However, minimum (28.12%) rooting percentage were achieved in the cuttings treated with NAA 500 ppm with (1.76) number of roots and (18.32 cm) root length. Variation in all the Physiological characters with treatment was significant at 0.1% except with the number of roots which was significant at 0.2%, respectively.
The present investigation was carried out to document ethano-medicinal plant diversity in agrofor... more The present investigation was carried out to document ethano-medicinal plant diversity in agroforestry land-use in Govind pashuvihar wildlife sanctuary Uttarakhand. For the present study 10 sample plots of 1 hectare each were randomly placed in 5 selected villages across the wildlife sanctuary. A total of 29 plant species including 22 herbs, 5 shrubs and 2 tree species were recorded to have medicinal importance in the local recipe. Asteraceae (4), Rosaceae (4) and Polygonaceae (4) form the dominant families of medicinal importance. These plants were used to treat a total of 17 different diseases. The medicinal plants in high altitudes are facing multiple threats due to multiple causes and it is thus imperative to have alternative land-use for conservation of these medicinal plants and agroforestry being the prominent land-use could be precursor for the conservation of medicinal plants and evade pressure from the natural habitat.
A survey for documentation of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by the farmer community to c... more A survey for documentation of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by the farmer community to cure animal diseases in Tehri District of Garhwal Himalaya. Two Gram Sabha viz. Tokoli and Quali and three villages under each Gram sabha were randomly selected for the study. Ethno-veterinary information was gathered through individual interviews and personal observations among the farmer community. A total of 35 species of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants belongs to 26 families and 34 genera were recorded in the study with the help of ethno-veterinary traditional healers. These 35 medicinal plant species were dominated by herbaceous flora and were used to cure almost 30 different diseases. Leaves were dominant part of the plant used to cure different livestock diseases. Traditional healers relay on visual, audio and tactile senses to establish a diagnosis and on rare occasions the diagnosis failed and cause death of animal in acute pain. The result of the present study highlighted that...
Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem located in coastal area that provides various important... more Mangrove forest is an important ecosystem located in coastal area that provides various important ecological and economical services. One of the services provided by mangrove forest is the ability to act as carbon sink by sequestering CO2 from atmosphere through photosynthesis and carbon burial on the sediment. The carbon buried on mangrove sediment may persist for millennia before return to the atmosphere, and thus act as an effective long-term carbon sink. Therefore, it is important to understand the distribution of carbon stored within mangrove forest in a spatial and temporal context. In this paper, an effort to map carbon stocks in mangrove forest is presented using remote sensing technology to overcome the handicap encountered by field survey. In mangrove carbon stock mapping, the use of medium spatial resolution Landsat 7 ETM+ is emphasized. Landsat 7 ETM+ images are relatively cheap, widely available and have large area coverage, and thus provide a cost and time effective way of mapping mangrove carbon stocks. Using field data, two image processing techniques namely Vegetation Index and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) were evaluated to find the best method to explain the variation in mangrove carbon stocks using remote sensing data. In addition, we also tried to estimate mangrove carbon sequestration rate via multitemporal analysis. Finally, the technique which produces significantly better result was used to produce a map of mangrove forest carbon stocks, which is spatially extensive and temporally repetitive.
... 1.3 Soil organic carbon stock estimation The mean SOC content for individual soil series was ... more ... 1.3 Soil organic carbon stock estimation The mean SOC content for individual soil series was obtained from a report " Soil Series of Jiangsu ', which contained statistical data of depth, bulk density and SOC content of individual horizons. ...
Estimation of carbon sequestration in the forest sector should take into consideration changes in... more Estimation of carbon sequestration in the forest sector should take into consideration changes in carbon stock in all carbon pools, including above-ground and below-ground biomass, litter, deadwood and soil. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of carbon stocks in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan’s forest sector. According to data from published reports and nationwide surveys, the carbon stock in forest litter is less than that indicated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for temperate and cool temperate forests; for example, coniferous species showed 4.4 Mg C ha−1 for Cryptomeria japonica and 3.1 Mg C ha−1 for Chamaecyparis obtusa, and broad-leaved species ranged from 3.5 Mg C ha−1 for Castanopsis spp. to 7.3 Mg C ha−1 for Fagus spp. For deadwood carbon stock, coniferous plantations with a record of non-commercial thinning showed 17.1 Mg C ha−1 and semi-natural broad-leaved forests showed 5.3 Mg C ha−1 on average, although only limited data were available. The black soil group (comparable to Andosols and Andisols) showed large carbon stocks in soil layers 0–30 cm deep (130 Mg C ha−1). The brown forest soil group (Cambisols and Inceptisols), occupying the most dominant area, showed a carbon stock of 87.0 Mg C ha−1 on average, which was similar to the data shown in the IPCC guidelines. In a comparison of land use between the forest sector and the agricultural sector for the same soil group, the carbon stock in the agricultural soil was 21% lower and in the grassland soil it was 18% higher than the stock in the forest soil. In this review, we also discuss issues for improving the estimation method and inventory of carbon stock in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan.
Uploads