Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interpersonal problems and dysfunct... more The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interpersonal problems and dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality disorders, within the framework of cognitive theory of personality disorders. Based on the proposition of cognitive theory, different dimensions of interpersonal problems which were assessed through the coordinates of interpersonal circumplex model were expected to be associated with specific categories of personality beliefs namely, deprecating, inflated, and ambivalent personality beliefs. Participants were 997 volunteer adults (304 males and 693 females) from Turkey, between the ages of 18 and 61. They completed the personality belief questionnaire, basic personality traits inventory, and inventory of interpersonal problems measures. Considering the well-established representations of personality disorders in Big Five space, and correspondence between five-factor model of personality and interpersonal circumplex model, the present study examined the hypothesized associations via a robust analysis where strongly relevant personality factors were statistically controlled for in each analysis. Results revealed that different dimensions of interpersonal problems distinctively associated with three personality belief categories; deprecating beliefs were associated with over-friendly submissiveness, inflated beliefs were associated with dominance, and ambivalent beliefs were associated with hostile/cold dominance. Findings supported the validity of cognitive formulations (view of self and view of others) of the personality disorders proposed by the cognitive theory, also highlighted the priority of interpersonal problems in personality psychopathology.
Aim of present study was to understand changes in speech of clients with regard to certain lingui... more Aim of present study was to understand changes in speech of clients with regard to certain linguistic features from 5th to 15th session of psychotherapy. First person pronoun use in information structure positions were analyzed in speech of clients. Participants of this study were 11 psychotherapists (clinical psychology master and doctorate students) and 16 clients (applicants to AYNA Psychotherapy Unit). In present study word count results of clinets' speeches were analyzed by ANOVA method. According to results, use of first person pronoun changed significantly in preverbal position from 5th to 15th sessions of psychotherapy. Findings of this study suggest that, psychotherapy leads to certain linguistic changes, and these changes discussed to be means of understand change of clients during psychotherapy.
Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2016
Objective Considering the lack of an instrument that measures individuals’ interpersonal difficul... more Objective Considering the lack of an instrument that measures individuals’ interpersonal difficulties in Turkish, a short version of The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-32) was aimed to be adapted to Turkish culture, and psychometric properties of the scale were examined. Method: 1298 adult participants from normal population (411 females and 887 males) between ages of 18 and 68 were participated to the study. In order to establish reliability and validity of the Turkish version of IIP; internal consistency, test-retest reliability, split half reliability coefficients, concurrent and criterion validity studies were conducted. Reading the validity analyses, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Brief Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Basic Personality Traits Inventory were used. Results: The results of the study indicated good internal consistency, test-re-test and split-half reliability coefficients of the IIP. Moreover, findings supported concurrent and criterion validity of the inventory, in addition to the two factor structures consistent with the original inventory. Conclusion: Psychometric properties of IIP seem to be acceptable, therefore it can be utilized for research and clinical purposes in Turkey.
The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse an... more The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse and neglect (CAN), and intimate partner violence (IPV) based on the schema theory perspective. For this aim, 222 married women recruited in four central cities of Turkey participated in the study. Results indicated that early negative CAN experiences increased the risk of being exposed to later IPV. Specifically, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the childhood predicted the four subtypes of IPV, which are physical, psychological, and sexual violence, and injury, while physical abuse only associated with physical violence. To explore the mediational role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) on this association, first, five schema domains were tested via Parallel Multiple Mediation Model. Results indicated that only Disconnection/Rejection (D/R) schema domains mediated the association between CAN and IPV. Second, to determine the particular mediational roles of each schema, eighteen EMS were tested as mediators, and results showed that Emotional Deprivation Schema and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness Schema mediated the association between CAN and IPV. These findings provided an empirical support for the crucial roles of EMSs on the effect of revictimization process. Clinical implications were discussed.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1521 Jscp 24 2 236 62272, Mar 1, 2005
... The hypothesis that hopelessness is a key ingredient in actual stress gen-eration was examine... more ... The hypothesis that hopelessness is a key ingredient in actual stress gen-eration was examined in Study 3, using roommates' views of the target participant as an instance of actual stress (see Hokanson, Rubert, Welker, Hollander, & Hedeen, 1989; Joiner, 1994; Joiner, Alfano ...
Journal of Evidence Based Psychotherapies, Mar 1, 2011
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnair... more The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) among Turkish adolescents. A total of 356 high school students (198 females and 158 males) whose ages ranged between 15 and 18 participated in the study, and were administered the YSQ-SF3, the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Trait Anger Inventory (ANGT), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Higher-order factor analysis run using the original 18 Early maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) revealed three internally consistent higher-order factors (i.e., schema domains) which were named Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that even after controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect, the Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards schema domain was significantly associated with anger, while Disconnection-Rejection and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness schema domains were significantly associated with anxiety. Findings are discussed in line with the literature.
Contemporary cognitive theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that certain types... more Contemporary cognitive theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that certain types of dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions play a salient role in the genesis and persistence of OCD (e.g., Clark, 2004; Rachman, 1993, 1997; Salkovskis, 1985). The present study aimed to examine whether the three proposed dysfunctional beliefs — inflated sense of responsibility, thought suppression, and thought-action fusion — play a significant role particularly on the persistence of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, as compared to other emotional disorders, such as symptoms of depression. The participants of the present study were 109 undergraduate university students, who completed a set of questionnaires, including The Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS), The Thought Action Fusion Scale (TAF), The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), The Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After a 4-week interval, participants were again asked to complete the MOCI and BDI. Two separate hierarchical regression equations were formulated to examine the factors significantly accounting for the residual changes from Time 1 to Time 2 assessments of OC and depressive symptomatologies. Results of these analyses indicated that while thought suppression (WBSI scores) played a significant role on the persistence of both OC and depressive symptoms across time, the role of inflated sense of responsibility (RAS scores) was specific to the persistence of OC symptoms.
We investigated Turkish high school and university students' perceptions of their relatio... more We investigated Turkish high school and university students' perceptions of their relationships with their parents and friends in two studies using cross-sectional and retrospective methods. Subjects in both studies rated 31 items describing their relationships with one significant other from two perspectives: their own point of view and that of their relationship partner (mother, father, or best same-sex friend). Results indicated age-related trends for perceptions of development of relationships with significant others. Retrospective reports revealed greater degrees of perceived equity of self-favoring inequity than did cross-sectional reports.
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation... more This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; developed by Gratz & Roemer, 2004) in a Turkish sample. For this purpose, first, the factor structure of the scale was examined with a sample of 338 university students, and an identical factor structure with the original scale was obtained with the exclusion of a single item. Following the confirmation of the 6-factor structure of the scale with the current Turkish sample, the whole scale's and its six subscales' reliability coefficients were examined via internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients. These reliability analyses indicated satisfactory coefficients. As for the concurrent validity, the correlations of DERS and its subscales with measures of psychological distress were examined. This examination generally revealed strong correlations, although the awareness factor of DERS had relatively weaker correlations with the measures of psycholog...
Türk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry, 2014
This study aimed to investigate and compare emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish adoptees... more This study aimed to investigate and compare emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish adoptees and non-adopted peers raised by their biological parents. The study included 61 adopted children (34 female and 27 male) aged 6-18 years and 62 age- and gender-matched non-adopted children (35 female and 27 male). Parents rated their children's problem behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18, temperament characteristics using the School Age Temperament Inventory, their own personality traits using the Basic Personality Traits Inventory, and their parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Children rated their parents' availability and reliability as attachment figures using the Kerns Security Scale and parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Adolescents aged 11-18 years self-rated their problem behaviors using the Youth Self Report. Group differences and correlations were analyzed. There were non-significant differences in all scale...
This study aimed to compare the mothers of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivit... more This study aimed to compare the mothers of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the mothers of children with no psychiatric diagnosis with respect to abusive discipline attitudes. One hundred children with ADHD, 25 children with no psychiatric diagnosis, and their mothers answered the questionnaires and open-ended standard questions about the type and frequency of parental abusive discipline. Conners scores of the children were associated with characteristics of the children, maternal characteristics, and maternal use of verbal discipline. Maternal approval scores on verbally abusive disciplinary acts were predicted by maternal past experiences, maternal characteristics and Conners scores of children. Similarly, characteristics of the children and the mothers predicted maternal approval scores on physical disciplinary acts. ADHD symptoms increase the risk of parental verbally and physically abusive discipline. Vice versa, verbal discipline also...
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interpersonal problems and dysfunct... more The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between interpersonal problems and dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality disorders, within the framework of cognitive theory of personality disorders. Based on the proposition of cognitive theory, different dimensions of interpersonal problems which were assessed through the coordinates of interpersonal circumplex model were expected to be associated with specific categories of personality beliefs namely, deprecating, inflated, and ambivalent personality beliefs. Participants were 997 volunteer adults (304 males and 693 females) from Turkey, between the ages of 18 and 61. They completed the personality belief questionnaire, basic personality traits inventory, and inventory of interpersonal problems measures. Considering the well-established representations of personality disorders in Big Five space, and correspondence between five-factor model of personality and interpersonal circumplex model, the present study examined the hypothesized associations via a robust analysis where strongly relevant personality factors were statistically controlled for in each analysis. Results revealed that different dimensions of interpersonal problems distinctively associated with three personality belief categories; deprecating beliefs were associated with over-friendly submissiveness, inflated beliefs were associated with dominance, and ambivalent beliefs were associated with hostile/cold dominance. Findings supported the validity of cognitive formulations (view of self and view of others) of the personality disorders proposed by the cognitive theory, also highlighted the priority of interpersonal problems in personality psychopathology.
Aim of present study was to understand changes in speech of clients with regard to certain lingui... more Aim of present study was to understand changes in speech of clients with regard to certain linguistic features from 5th to 15th session of psychotherapy. First person pronoun use in information structure positions were analyzed in speech of clients. Participants of this study were 11 psychotherapists (clinical psychology master and doctorate students) and 16 clients (applicants to AYNA Psychotherapy Unit). In present study word count results of clinets' speeches were analyzed by ANOVA method. According to results, use of first person pronoun changed significantly in preverbal position from 5th to 15th sessions of psychotherapy. Findings of this study suggest that, psychotherapy leads to certain linguistic changes, and these changes discussed to be means of understand change of clients during psychotherapy.
Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2016
Objective Considering the lack of an instrument that measures individuals’ interpersonal difficul... more Objective Considering the lack of an instrument that measures individuals’ interpersonal difficulties in Turkish, a short version of The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales (IIP-32) was aimed to be adapted to Turkish culture, and psychometric properties of the scale were examined. Method: 1298 adult participants from normal population (411 females and 887 males) between ages of 18 and 68 were participated to the study. In order to establish reliability and validity of the Turkish version of IIP; internal consistency, test-retest reliability, split half reliability coefficients, concurrent and criterion validity studies were conducted. Reading the validity analyses, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Brief Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Basic Personality Traits Inventory were used. Results: The results of the study indicated good internal consistency, test-re-test and split-half reliability coefficients of the IIP. Moreover, findings supported concurrent and criterion validity of the inventory, in addition to the two factor structures consistent with the original inventory. Conclusion: Psychometric properties of IIP seem to be acceptable, therefore it can be utilized for research and clinical purposes in Turkey.
The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse an... more The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse and neglect (CAN), and intimate partner violence (IPV) based on the schema theory perspective. For this aim, 222 married women recruited in four central cities of Turkey participated in the study. Results indicated that early negative CAN experiences increased the risk of being exposed to later IPV. Specifically, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the childhood predicted the four subtypes of IPV, which are physical, psychological, and sexual violence, and injury, while physical abuse only associated with physical violence. To explore the mediational role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) on this association, first, five schema domains were tested via Parallel Multiple Mediation Model. Results indicated that only Disconnection/Rejection (D/R) schema domains mediated the association between CAN and IPV. Second, to determine the particular mediational roles of each schema, eighteen EMS were tested as mediators, and results showed that Emotional Deprivation Schema and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness Schema mediated the association between CAN and IPV. These findings provided an empirical support for the crucial roles of EMSs on the effect of revictimization process. Clinical implications were discussed.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1521 Jscp 24 2 236 62272, Mar 1, 2005
... The hypothesis that hopelessness is a key ingredient in actual stress gen-eration was examine... more ... The hypothesis that hopelessness is a key ingredient in actual stress gen-eration was examined in Study 3, using roommates' views of the target participant as an instance of actual stress (see Hokanson, Rubert, Welker, Hollander, & Hedeen, 1989; Joiner, 1994; Joiner, Alfano ...
Journal of Evidence Based Psychotherapies, Mar 1, 2011
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnair... more The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) among Turkish adolescents. A total of 356 high school students (198 females and 158 males) whose ages ranged between 15 and 18 participated in the study, and were administered the YSQ-SF3, the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Trait Anger Inventory (ANGT), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Higher-order factor analysis run using the original 18 Early maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) revealed three internally consistent higher-order factors (i.e., schema domains) which were named Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness. Concurrent validity analyses indicated that even after controlling for the effects of positive and negative affect, the Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards schema domain was significantly associated with anger, while Disconnection-Rejection and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness schema domains were significantly associated with anxiety. Findings are discussed in line with the literature.
Contemporary cognitive theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that certain types... more Contemporary cognitive theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that certain types of dysfunctional beliefs and assumptions play a salient role in the genesis and persistence of OCD (e.g., Clark, 2004; Rachman, 1993, 1997; Salkovskis, 1985). The present study aimed to examine whether the three proposed dysfunctional beliefs — inflated sense of responsibility, thought suppression, and thought-action fusion — play a significant role particularly on the persistence of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms, as compared to other emotional disorders, such as symptoms of depression. The participants of the present study were 109 undergraduate university students, who completed a set of questionnaires, including The Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS), The Thought Action Fusion Scale (TAF), The White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), The Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After a 4-week interval, participants were again asked to complete the MOCI and BDI. Two separate hierarchical regression equations were formulated to examine the factors significantly accounting for the residual changes from Time 1 to Time 2 assessments of OC and depressive symptomatologies. Results of these analyses indicated that while thought suppression (WBSI scores) played a significant role on the persistence of both OC and depressive symptoms across time, the role of inflated sense of responsibility (RAS scores) was specific to the persistence of OC symptoms.
We investigated Turkish high school and university students' perceptions of their relatio... more We investigated Turkish high school and university students' perceptions of their relationships with their parents and friends in two studies using cross-sectional and retrospective methods. Subjects in both studies rated 31 items describing their relationships with one significant other from two perspectives: their own point of view and that of their relationship partner (mother, father, or best same-sex friend). Results indicated age-related trends for perceptions of development of relationships with significant others. Retrospective reports revealed greater degrees of perceived equity of self-favoring inequity than did cross-sectional reports.
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation... more This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; developed by Gratz & Roemer, 2004) in a Turkish sample. For this purpose, first, the factor structure of the scale was examined with a sample of 338 university students, and an identical factor structure with the original scale was obtained with the exclusion of a single item. Following the confirmation of the 6-factor structure of the scale with the current Turkish sample, the whole scale's and its six subscales' reliability coefficients were examined via internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients. These reliability analyses indicated satisfactory coefficients. As for the concurrent validity, the correlations of DERS and its subscales with measures of psychological distress were examined. This examination generally revealed strong correlations, although the awareness factor of DERS had relatively weaker correlations with the measures of psycholog...
Türk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry, 2014
This study aimed to investigate and compare emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish adoptees... more This study aimed to investigate and compare emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish adoptees and non-adopted peers raised by their biological parents. The study included 61 adopted children (34 female and 27 male) aged 6-18 years and 62 age- and gender-matched non-adopted children (35 female and 27 male). Parents rated their children's problem behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18, temperament characteristics using the School Age Temperament Inventory, their own personality traits using the Basic Personality Traits Inventory, and their parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Children rated their parents' availability and reliability as attachment figures using the Kerns Security Scale and parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Adolescents aged 11-18 years self-rated their problem behaviors using the Youth Self Report. Group differences and correlations were analyzed. There were non-significant differences in all scale...
This study aimed to compare the mothers of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivit... more This study aimed to compare the mothers of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the mothers of children with no psychiatric diagnosis with respect to abusive discipline attitudes. One hundred children with ADHD, 25 children with no psychiatric diagnosis, and their mothers answered the questionnaires and open-ended standard questions about the type and frequency of parental abusive discipline. Conners scores of the children were associated with characteristics of the children, maternal characteristics, and maternal use of verbal discipline. Maternal approval scores on verbally abusive disciplinary acts were predicted by maternal past experiences, maternal characteristics and Conners scores of children. Similarly, characteristics of the children and the mothers predicted maternal approval scores on physical disciplinary acts. ADHD symptoms increase the risk of parental verbally and physically abusive discipline. Vice versa, verbal discipline also...
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