“Tourism of Culture” is a scientific and bilingual journal of Tourism (published in English and Persian), and it is published in the fields of "tourism and its relating context". Its mission is to emphasize the recognition and promotion of tourism cultural aspects in advertising, management and the implementation of tourism activities. The significant point about the journal approach is clarifying the distinction between the two concepts of culture and cultural, which expressively affects the level and the entity of cultural activities. Therefore, the content of “Tourism of Culture” are explored in two sections: “Explaining the essence of culture as an ultimate goal of tourism of culture” and “Reading the cultural products of civilizations as the subject of tourism activities”.
In accordance with the philosophy of sustainable tourism development, ecotourism emphasizes intri... more In accordance with the philosophy of sustainable tourism development, ecotourism emphasizes intrinsic and inner values. The demand of tourists to gain new experiences is beyond a desire to simply spend their holidays in a tourist destination. By participating in creative activities in ecotourism destinations, tourists can gain new experiences in natural tourism, called creative ecotourism. The third wave of the tourism industry, called creative tourism, is influenced by factors such as diversity of customer demand, impact of technology, and demands of local communities; therefore, introducing effective strategies for creative ecotourism is an unavoidable necessity. The main objective of this study was to introduce creative ecotourism development strategies based on the sustainable development approach by considering the potential and actual capacities of the Suleghan & Kan Valley in Tehran, where the research was carried out. In this descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected using the desk study (documentary) and field (questionnaire) methods and expert opinions. The study population consisted of 30 experts. To develop creative ecotourism development strategies, the sustainability components were first integrated into the indicators of sustainable tourism, creative tourism, creativity, and ecotourism. The authors then outlined the current situation and identified effective internal and external factors. In the next step, the strategies were extracted using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. Finally, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to prioritize the identified strategies based on their degrees of attractiveness. The attractive strategies for developing creative ecotourism in the Suleghan & Kan Valley included “Emphasizing the design of tours that combined learning and nature tourism”, “Holding ecotourism and educational tours for the tourists to experience the lifestyle of local people”, “Revising executive policies and collaborating with the youth to start new tourism businesses”, and “Using effective advertising tools to encourage the young people to take courses in handicrafts and tourism.”
One of the important characteristics of citizens' presence in urban spaces is security in public ... more One of the important characteristics of citizens' presence in urban spaces is security in public places, which causes prosperity and dynamism of the urban environment and reduces stress in creating a culture of interaction, nightlife. This becomes even more important when cultural, age, and economic differences between users of a set become more diverse and the performance of the environment requires two-way interaction between users. This article examines the need to increase security in the tourist spaces of Ramsar city. In this study, after library studies in the field of security and its parameters, in order to verify the findings and examine the physical indicators affecting the security of the tourism space, the solutions of space syntax technique are used. In the next stage, a preliminary questionnaire has been developed to identify the areas of the tourism complex, from which the zoning of behavioral mapping is obtained and is harvested in the field; It is then analyzed using Depth Mape software. This study seeks to answer the question of which parts of the tourism environment in the city of Ramsar have a greater or lesser sense of security? And what features of spatial syntax technique play a greater role in understanding space security? As a result of this study, it seems that each of the indicators responded to some of the challenges of urban space security, and in the meantime, the concavity and convexity of space and depth, has an effective role in the strategy of natural monitoring and space.
Iranian Hosseiniyeh and Tekiyeh are considered to be the most significant sacred places of Shiite... more Iranian Hosseiniyeh and Tekiyeh are considered to be the most significant sacred places of Shiites after mosques. These places are the manifestation of the relation between history, people, and culture, as owing to their special characteristics, they are considered as unique urban open spaces with religious function in urbanism culture, beyond having a distinct identity in comparison with their counterpart places in other countries. This study is applied research based on a descriptive-analytical method. To collect the data, frequent resources including reliable journals and textbooks were used to analyze various functions of Hosseiniyeh and answer the following research question: To what extent do Hosseiniyeh and Takayas have the potential to turn into important tourist attractions in religious tourism? Some of the identified functions address social, cultural, educational, and religious areas. Recognizing the functional content of this architectural feature and representing its landscapes characteristic can be of great importance in defining and manifesting this attraction. Given the various functions of these religious places and the holy spirit prevail over them, they can be considered as a distinct landscape in Shiite religious tourism, which is associated with an enriched meaning, concept, and design strategies for introducing them to potential tourists.
In the transition from a traditional urban society in Iran to a modern one, there has been an epi... more In the transition from a traditional urban society in Iran to a modern one, there has been an epistemological transfer of the concept of the urban landscape and residents’ perception of the city. The urban management of traditional cities and intervention in the decisions used to be community-based driven from a social system. After the transition, urban management was replaced by experts and executives chosen based on their power/knowledge in modern cities. Mahalle1 or neighborhood, as one of the most important pillars of the traditional city and the basis of the formation of the city under small groups, created a platform for social intervention and increased the sense of belonging of its inhabitants, and turned into the homeland of each individual. With contemporary developments and fundamental changes in the political, social, cultural, and economic system, and the transition to modern society, new concepts such as region and district replaced the concept of the neighborhood with specialization-oriented divisions. This intervention in the city and its social construction gave way to the political construction of urban spaces under the influence of the central government. At present, researchers and managers are seeking to revive concepts such as neighborhoods in thoughts and actions. The purpose of this study is to examine the landscape of the neighborhood of Shiraz during the transition from a traditional city to a contemporary city. The research seeks to answer the fundamental question of whether the formation of urban spaces in the Qajar period based on the neighborhood system, led to social demarcation known as a neighborhood? Did the divisions of the neighborhood affect the perceptions of the residents and the reproduction of the space? To answer the research question, documentary research was conducted to identify the turning points in the transition from traditional to contemporary Shiraz. Then a phenomenological approach was employed to examine the citizens’ perception of the traditional city of Shiraz based on available documents, poems. The results indicate that the view of the traditional city and the lived experiences of the inhabitants until the end of the Qajar period is different from today’s Shiraz. The reason is that in specialized studies and actions, only the physical aspect of Shiraz’s historical context is considered. These studies have been limited to the visual works of the abandoned arts from macro to micro-scale. In addition, they have overlooked the lived experiences of the old residents. However, the revival of popular concepts such as neighborhood and protection of historical context requires a phenomenological look at the form and meaning of the city and needs the researcher to attend a similar atmosphere to the audience’s one and deeply deal with the phenomena of a traditional city such as the neighborhood.
Tourism is now a major element of many communities’ activities and revenues, and its importance i... more Tourism is now a major element of many communities’ activities and revenues, and its importance is growing day by the day. Landscape architecture, as a fledgling subject in the field of natural and artificial environment design, has generated unique characteristics for this field. Currently, the most pressing challenge is how to bring together and harmonize the diverse themes and extensive knowledge of landscape architecture, as well as how to manage the scope of this knowledge and apply it? For this purpose, this study attempts to investigate strategies based on the concepts of a systematic approach, modeling to overcome the problem of complexity and breadth of concepts in the design process. In addition, this study aims at linking the strategies to suggest a suitable framework for landscape design of places with tourism potential. this study used a descriptive-analytical research approach. The bibliographic data for this study was gathered from available texts and documents in scientific databases and analyzed using a conceptual coding process. Finally, this study takes a critical look at the design process and shows how the coordination between the vast knowledge of landscape architecture can be created. Then, this study examines the general landscape design of the Zing Mining Museum in Norway and its landscape layers in Norway as a tourism project and scrutinizes the natural-social landscapes with two macro ideas of design, contextualism, showing the traces of history, which are achieved through the use of tools and local materials, resulting in the least amount of interference during construction and maintenance, as well as the mine’s work procedure that has been achieved.
Cities are the most important places wherein contemporary human beings settle. For this reason, t... more Cities are the most important places wherein contemporary human beings settle. For this reason, the changes affecting the urban landscape can influence the lives of most people. As the new media, the Metaverse can enable people to be present in the 3D virtual world through mediums. Since this technology will provide unparalleled communicative amenities, which did not use to be available to humans, it is expected to pave the way for dramatic changes in all human relations in societies. Given that the Metaverse seeks to reconstruct the world, the urban landscape, which is a product of the perceptual interactions between humans and the city, seems to be influenced by its emergence. This study seeks to answer this question: “What effects will the emergence of virtual cities versus physical ones, have on the perceptions of these cities, or more precisely, the urban landscape?” For this purpose, this study employs a qualitative method and uses bibliographic data to explain the concept of landscape from the perspective of experts and describe its various aspects. This study also attempts to introduce the fundamentals of the media and explain its impact on the urban landscape. The findings of this study show that the media, as an intervening tool, seeks to create a purposeful image of reality in the minds of the audience, and the Metaverse, as a tool presenting the world in three dimensions, can create more believable images than reality. This increases the likelihood of its reception by the audience more than ever. Thus, this media can present an image of the city that adds to the accumulations of the schemata of the audience. Therefore, in their confrontation with urban symbols, the schemata represent an association driven from the experiences in a reconstructed virtual world. Since in this process, the perceptions of the audience change, it can be acknowledged that the Metaverse can affect the urban landscape.
Investigating the Contemporary Lifestyle of Iranian Society An Analysis of Travel Style and Cultu... more Investigating the Contemporary Lifestyle of Iranian Society An Analysis of Travel Style and Cultural Marketings Abstract| Iranian society has undergone profound changes in recent decades. While main changes are the result of the rule of modernization and its consequences, some of these changes follow the pattern of transformation in society. Meanwhile, cultural marketing seeks to find customers in the modern age with powerful tools such as culture. This study seeks to investigate the changes in the travel style of contemporary Iranian society through a qualitative lens and examines how the travel style has been affected by cultural marketing. For this purpose, the conceptual framework of the research was first drawn using the previous literature. Then, according to the revelatory nature of the research, the grounded theory method was chosen for it. The research data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 47 experts and those who had an experience of more than ten trips abroad. The research analysis was performed using triple coding. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was drawn by extracting 14 major categories under the headings of conditions, interaction, and consequences. The results indicate that under the influence of contemporary world culture, Iranian society has redefined and reorganized its former identities to redefine its social and cultural maps and create a new identity. In the meantime, cultural marketing in many cases has not been able to lead people to adhere to their roots, which in many cases is fundamentally contrary to traditional and popular culture and has led to changing values, identity conflict, and material and spiritual imbalance.
Narrative tourism can be referred to a type of tourism or a strategy through which stories, legen... more Narrative tourism can be referred to a type of tourism or a strategy through which stories, legends, myths, rituals of a destination or stories, memories, and experiences of a tourist from the destination are used as an effective tool to create and increase the attractiveness of a place or destination. Sustainable narrative tourism not only increases tourist attraction, increases incomes of government and local community, and enhances the quality of life of local people in the region, but also makes tourists more respectful of the conditions, traditions, and culture of the host community. Narrative tourism resources can be classified into two categories: the first category includes history, stories, myths, and legends of the destination, and the second includes experiences, memories, stories, and souvenirs of the tourist. In the following, the relationship between narrative tourism and historical-cultural tourism, nature-based tourism, adventure tourists, the quality of life of locals, and the digital age are discussed. With the help of new technologies in the digital age, the development and exploitation of narrative tourism are much easier than ever. Finally, narrative tourism is a simple strategy to use the potential of attractions in story-building, storytelling, and story-listening, which aims to maintain the variety of stories, narratives, and cultures by creating diverse stories, in addition to creating new attractions and reviving old attractions. However, narrative tourism is a new concept that needs further statistical and numerical research to understand its capabilities, effects, and consequences in various economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects.
Traces of the ‘halal issue’ can be found in most of today’s industry including food, cosmetics, t... more Traces of the ‘halal issue’ can be found in most of today’s industry including food, cosmetics, transportation, and other related productions. Muslim tourists are paying more attention to tourism markets than ever before. Since Iran is an Islamic country and its laws are in accordance with the standards of Islam, halal tourism can be flourished in this country according to the background of Islamic culture. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the importance of paying attention to the cultural and religious policies of Iran to develop halal tourism. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the contribution of the cultural and religious policies of Iran to the improvement and development of halal tourism. To this purpose, the relationship between religious and cultural indicators affecting the development of this type of tourism was examined using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. This method is a system analysis that examines the interactions between its elements and is based on the opinion of experts. The group of experts in the field of religious tourism and cultural heritage, tourism stakeholders, and managers of accommodation centers have received foreign Muslim tourists. The findings showed that Islamic branding indicators focusing on Iranian culture, marketing, and advertising can introduce the Islamic religious culture of Iran to Muslim tourists and create a good image of the cultural situation in Iran. As a result, Muslim tourists can be attracted to Iran by the most basic religious and cultural indicators affecting tourism development. This strategy should be incorporated into the executive policies of the country as a priority.
The world of tourism is getting much bigger and more complicated. New types of tourism have emerg... more The world of tourism is getting much bigger and more complicated. New types of tourism have emerged to meet the needs of humans in modern life. It drives modern man to slow down. Slow tourism has emerged to slow down the rapid life cycle of modern humans and help them get closer to the indigenous cultures that have been forgotten at this speed of technology. It also aims at improving their lives by benefitting from all the elements of travel. Slow tourism is a new perspective in the world of tourism that contributes to both the environment and the quality of human life at the same time. The purpose of this research is to study the role of local community culture on slow tourism attraction in Turkmen Sahara. This study is applied and its nature is descriptive-analytical. After designing the questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability by Cronbach’s test. Due to the limited number of slow tourists based on the inclusion criteria, through non-probable snowball sampling, 103 questionnaires were collected from the slow tourists of the Turkmen Sahara region, afterward, data were analyzed in SPSS software using regression and F test. The conclusion is that the local culture directly affects the slow tourist attraction in Turkmen Sahara.
Cultural development contributes to sustainable growth in the tourism industry. The main role of... more Cultural development contributes to sustainable growth in the tourism industry. The main role of tourism development is improving economic, social, and cultural development. Also, sustainable cultural development can be achieved through tourism evolution. This means that not only tourism must be sustainable, but also sustainable cultural development needs to be on agenda. Since Iran is one of the top ten countries, which has many potentials in the tourism industry, identifying its capacities is important. Moreover, developing accurate strategies and recognizing the challenges and obstacles of cultural development can turn this country into a top tourist destination in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to study the strategies, their performance, and consequences in the tourism industry. Cultural tourism will have positive consequences if it is well planned and managed. This article aims to identify strategies, causes, and challenges of cultural development on tourism. This study employed a qualitative approach. Following the in-depth study of the relevant articles and documents, the data were gathered through in-depth interviews and then were analyzed using the Grounded Theory method through three coding stages (i.e. open, axial, and selective) using MAXQAD software.
The Islamic city is a living being, and each member has duties. The health and interaction of mem... more The Islamic city is a living being, and each member has duties. The health and interaction of members with each other ensure the performance of those duties. The buildings of the Islamic city have intangible sub-uses that confirm the material and spiritual life of the town, in addition to their central function. Apart from their cultural and historical significance, the survivors of these buildings today recount the period of dominance of the original traditions over human life. Accordingly, the study of any particular architecture recognizes the impact of its current function on city life. On the other hand, the process of acceleration over time deprives man today of confidence and increases his need to take refuge in the effects of a time when man lived a quieter life. The main questions of this research are to figure out the role of school narration of the scientific life in the Islamic city and how to portray it for today’s tourists. The method of conducting research is a historical method that analyzes the way of life in the period by interpreting the past events. This study used a descriptive method in the data analysis. The purpose of this article is to go beyond filling leisure, entertainment, and sightseeing in the face of historic buildings and cities. Therefore, a tourist in the school building should be interpreted as a human sitting in the narrator’s presence. A narrative in which the school is a point of view that acquaints the tourist with traditional life.
Backpacking tourism is a type of adventure tourism that has increased significantly in recent yea... more Backpacking tourism is a type of adventure tourism that has increased significantly in recent years. Backpackers are tourists who travel with only one backpack and the lowest possible budget. Their target destinations are lesser-known areas and nature. Backpackers travel to discover new destinations and communicate with locals to better understand them. They play an effective role in identifying and introducing lesser-known tourist destinations. Although choosing a backpacking travel style by young people in Iran is increasing, less research still exists in this field and its effects on the tourism industry of Iran and the local community has not been investigated. This study aims to recognize the attitudes of rural residents towards the phenomenon of backpacking and identify its socio-cultural effects on rural host communities. For this purpose, Darak village located in Chabahar city of Sistan and Baluchistan province was selected as a case study. To collect the required data, the interview method was used. Gathered data were then analyzed by using the content analysis method. Findings indicate that backpacking, directly and indirectly, has significant positive and negative socio-cultural effects on Darak village. The results and findings are presented and discussed in more detail.
In accordance with the philosophy of sustainable tourism development, ecotourism emphasizes intri... more In accordance with the philosophy of sustainable tourism development, ecotourism emphasizes intrinsic and inner values. The demand of tourists to gain new experiences is beyond a desire to simply spend their holidays in a tourist destination. By participating in creative activities in ecotourism destinations, tourists can gain new experiences in natural tourism, called creative ecotourism. The third wave of the tourism industry, called creative tourism, is influenced by factors such as diversity of customer demand, impact of technology, and demands of local communities; therefore, introducing effective strategies for creative ecotourism is an unavoidable necessity. The main objective of this study was to introduce creative ecotourism development strategies based on the sustainable development approach by considering the potential and actual capacities of the Suleghan & Kan Valley in Tehran, where the research was carried out. In this descriptive-analytical study, the data were collected using the desk study (documentary) and field (questionnaire) methods and expert opinions. The study population consisted of 30 experts. To develop creative ecotourism development strategies, the sustainability components were first integrated into the indicators of sustainable tourism, creative tourism, creativity, and ecotourism. The authors then outlined the current situation and identified effective internal and external factors. In the next step, the strategies were extracted using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. Finally, the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was used to prioritize the identified strategies based on their degrees of attractiveness. The attractive strategies for developing creative ecotourism in the Suleghan & Kan Valley included “Emphasizing the design of tours that combined learning and nature tourism”, “Holding ecotourism and educational tours for the tourists to experience the lifestyle of local people”, “Revising executive policies and collaborating with the youth to start new tourism businesses”, and “Using effective advertising tools to encourage the young people to take courses in handicrafts and tourism.”
One of the important characteristics of citizens' presence in urban spaces is security in public ... more One of the important characteristics of citizens' presence in urban spaces is security in public places, which causes prosperity and dynamism of the urban environment and reduces stress in creating a culture of interaction, nightlife. This becomes even more important when cultural, age, and economic differences between users of a set become more diverse and the performance of the environment requires two-way interaction between users. This article examines the need to increase security in the tourist spaces of Ramsar city. In this study, after library studies in the field of security and its parameters, in order to verify the findings and examine the physical indicators affecting the security of the tourism space, the solutions of space syntax technique are used. In the next stage, a preliminary questionnaire has been developed to identify the areas of the tourism complex, from which the zoning of behavioral mapping is obtained and is harvested in the field; It is then analyzed using Depth Mape software. This study seeks to answer the question of which parts of the tourism environment in the city of Ramsar have a greater or lesser sense of security? And what features of spatial syntax technique play a greater role in understanding space security? As a result of this study, it seems that each of the indicators responded to some of the challenges of urban space security, and in the meantime, the concavity and convexity of space and depth, has an effective role in the strategy of natural monitoring and space.
Iranian Hosseiniyeh and Tekiyeh are considered to be the most significant sacred places of Shiite... more Iranian Hosseiniyeh and Tekiyeh are considered to be the most significant sacred places of Shiites after mosques. These places are the manifestation of the relation between history, people, and culture, as owing to their special characteristics, they are considered as unique urban open spaces with religious function in urbanism culture, beyond having a distinct identity in comparison with their counterpart places in other countries. This study is applied research based on a descriptive-analytical method. To collect the data, frequent resources including reliable journals and textbooks were used to analyze various functions of Hosseiniyeh and answer the following research question: To what extent do Hosseiniyeh and Takayas have the potential to turn into important tourist attractions in religious tourism? Some of the identified functions address social, cultural, educational, and religious areas. Recognizing the functional content of this architectural feature and representing its landscapes characteristic can be of great importance in defining and manifesting this attraction. Given the various functions of these religious places and the holy spirit prevail over them, they can be considered as a distinct landscape in Shiite religious tourism, which is associated with an enriched meaning, concept, and design strategies for introducing them to potential tourists.
In the transition from a traditional urban society in Iran to a modern one, there has been an epi... more In the transition from a traditional urban society in Iran to a modern one, there has been an epistemological transfer of the concept of the urban landscape and residents’ perception of the city. The urban management of traditional cities and intervention in the decisions used to be community-based driven from a social system. After the transition, urban management was replaced by experts and executives chosen based on their power/knowledge in modern cities. Mahalle1 or neighborhood, as one of the most important pillars of the traditional city and the basis of the formation of the city under small groups, created a platform for social intervention and increased the sense of belonging of its inhabitants, and turned into the homeland of each individual. With contemporary developments and fundamental changes in the political, social, cultural, and economic system, and the transition to modern society, new concepts such as region and district replaced the concept of the neighborhood with specialization-oriented divisions. This intervention in the city and its social construction gave way to the political construction of urban spaces under the influence of the central government. At present, researchers and managers are seeking to revive concepts such as neighborhoods in thoughts and actions. The purpose of this study is to examine the landscape of the neighborhood of Shiraz during the transition from a traditional city to a contemporary city. The research seeks to answer the fundamental question of whether the formation of urban spaces in the Qajar period based on the neighborhood system, led to social demarcation known as a neighborhood? Did the divisions of the neighborhood affect the perceptions of the residents and the reproduction of the space? To answer the research question, documentary research was conducted to identify the turning points in the transition from traditional to contemporary Shiraz. Then a phenomenological approach was employed to examine the citizens’ perception of the traditional city of Shiraz based on available documents, poems. The results indicate that the view of the traditional city and the lived experiences of the inhabitants until the end of the Qajar period is different from today’s Shiraz. The reason is that in specialized studies and actions, only the physical aspect of Shiraz’s historical context is considered. These studies have been limited to the visual works of the abandoned arts from macro to micro-scale. In addition, they have overlooked the lived experiences of the old residents. However, the revival of popular concepts such as neighborhood and protection of historical context requires a phenomenological look at the form and meaning of the city and needs the researcher to attend a similar atmosphere to the audience’s one and deeply deal with the phenomena of a traditional city such as the neighborhood.
Tourism is now a major element of many communities’ activities and revenues, and its importance i... more Tourism is now a major element of many communities’ activities and revenues, and its importance is growing day by the day. Landscape architecture, as a fledgling subject in the field of natural and artificial environment design, has generated unique characteristics for this field. Currently, the most pressing challenge is how to bring together and harmonize the diverse themes and extensive knowledge of landscape architecture, as well as how to manage the scope of this knowledge and apply it? For this purpose, this study attempts to investigate strategies based on the concepts of a systematic approach, modeling to overcome the problem of complexity and breadth of concepts in the design process. In addition, this study aims at linking the strategies to suggest a suitable framework for landscape design of places with tourism potential. this study used a descriptive-analytical research approach. The bibliographic data for this study was gathered from available texts and documents in scientific databases and analyzed using a conceptual coding process. Finally, this study takes a critical look at the design process and shows how the coordination between the vast knowledge of landscape architecture can be created. Then, this study examines the general landscape design of the Zing Mining Museum in Norway and its landscape layers in Norway as a tourism project and scrutinizes the natural-social landscapes with two macro ideas of design, contextualism, showing the traces of history, which are achieved through the use of tools and local materials, resulting in the least amount of interference during construction and maintenance, as well as the mine’s work procedure that has been achieved.
Cities are the most important places wherein contemporary human beings settle. For this reason, t... more Cities are the most important places wherein contemporary human beings settle. For this reason, the changes affecting the urban landscape can influence the lives of most people. As the new media, the Metaverse can enable people to be present in the 3D virtual world through mediums. Since this technology will provide unparalleled communicative amenities, which did not use to be available to humans, it is expected to pave the way for dramatic changes in all human relations in societies. Given that the Metaverse seeks to reconstruct the world, the urban landscape, which is a product of the perceptual interactions between humans and the city, seems to be influenced by its emergence. This study seeks to answer this question: “What effects will the emergence of virtual cities versus physical ones, have on the perceptions of these cities, or more precisely, the urban landscape?” For this purpose, this study employs a qualitative method and uses bibliographic data to explain the concept of landscape from the perspective of experts and describe its various aspects. This study also attempts to introduce the fundamentals of the media and explain its impact on the urban landscape. The findings of this study show that the media, as an intervening tool, seeks to create a purposeful image of reality in the minds of the audience, and the Metaverse, as a tool presenting the world in three dimensions, can create more believable images than reality. This increases the likelihood of its reception by the audience more than ever. Thus, this media can present an image of the city that adds to the accumulations of the schemata of the audience. Therefore, in their confrontation with urban symbols, the schemata represent an association driven from the experiences in a reconstructed virtual world. Since in this process, the perceptions of the audience change, it can be acknowledged that the Metaverse can affect the urban landscape.
Investigating the Contemporary Lifestyle of Iranian Society An Analysis of Travel Style and Cultu... more Investigating the Contemporary Lifestyle of Iranian Society An Analysis of Travel Style and Cultural Marketings Abstract| Iranian society has undergone profound changes in recent decades. While main changes are the result of the rule of modernization and its consequences, some of these changes follow the pattern of transformation in society. Meanwhile, cultural marketing seeks to find customers in the modern age with powerful tools such as culture. This study seeks to investigate the changes in the travel style of contemporary Iranian society through a qualitative lens and examines how the travel style has been affected by cultural marketing. For this purpose, the conceptual framework of the research was first drawn using the previous literature. Then, according to the revelatory nature of the research, the grounded theory method was chosen for it. The research data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 47 experts and those who had an experience of more than ten trips abroad. The research analysis was performed using triple coding. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was drawn by extracting 14 major categories under the headings of conditions, interaction, and consequences. The results indicate that under the influence of contemporary world culture, Iranian society has redefined and reorganized its former identities to redefine its social and cultural maps and create a new identity. In the meantime, cultural marketing in many cases has not been able to lead people to adhere to their roots, which in many cases is fundamentally contrary to traditional and popular culture and has led to changing values, identity conflict, and material and spiritual imbalance.
Narrative tourism can be referred to a type of tourism or a strategy through which stories, legen... more Narrative tourism can be referred to a type of tourism or a strategy through which stories, legends, myths, rituals of a destination or stories, memories, and experiences of a tourist from the destination are used as an effective tool to create and increase the attractiveness of a place or destination. Sustainable narrative tourism not only increases tourist attraction, increases incomes of government and local community, and enhances the quality of life of local people in the region, but also makes tourists more respectful of the conditions, traditions, and culture of the host community. Narrative tourism resources can be classified into two categories: the first category includes history, stories, myths, and legends of the destination, and the second includes experiences, memories, stories, and souvenirs of the tourist. In the following, the relationship between narrative tourism and historical-cultural tourism, nature-based tourism, adventure tourists, the quality of life of locals, and the digital age are discussed. With the help of new technologies in the digital age, the development and exploitation of narrative tourism are much easier than ever. Finally, narrative tourism is a simple strategy to use the potential of attractions in story-building, storytelling, and story-listening, which aims to maintain the variety of stories, narratives, and cultures by creating diverse stories, in addition to creating new attractions and reviving old attractions. However, narrative tourism is a new concept that needs further statistical and numerical research to understand its capabilities, effects, and consequences in various economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects.
Traces of the ‘halal issue’ can be found in most of today’s industry including food, cosmetics, t... more Traces of the ‘halal issue’ can be found in most of today’s industry including food, cosmetics, transportation, and other related productions. Muslim tourists are paying more attention to tourism markets than ever before. Since Iran is an Islamic country and its laws are in accordance with the standards of Islam, halal tourism can be flourished in this country according to the background of Islamic culture. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the importance of paying attention to the cultural and religious policies of Iran to develop halal tourism. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the contribution of the cultural and religious policies of Iran to the improvement and development of halal tourism. To this purpose, the relationship between religious and cultural indicators affecting the development of this type of tourism was examined using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. This method is a system analysis that examines the interactions between its elements and is based on the opinion of experts. The group of experts in the field of religious tourism and cultural heritage, tourism stakeholders, and managers of accommodation centers have received foreign Muslim tourists. The findings showed that Islamic branding indicators focusing on Iranian culture, marketing, and advertising can introduce the Islamic religious culture of Iran to Muslim tourists and create a good image of the cultural situation in Iran. As a result, Muslim tourists can be attracted to Iran by the most basic religious and cultural indicators affecting tourism development. This strategy should be incorporated into the executive policies of the country as a priority.
The world of tourism is getting much bigger and more complicated. New types of tourism have emerg... more The world of tourism is getting much bigger and more complicated. New types of tourism have emerged to meet the needs of humans in modern life. It drives modern man to slow down. Slow tourism has emerged to slow down the rapid life cycle of modern humans and help them get closer to the indigenous cultures that have been forgotten at this speed of technology. It also aims at improving their lives by benefitting from all the elements of travel. Slow tourism is a new perspective in the world of tourism that contributes to both the environment and the quality of human life at the same time. The purpose of this research is to study the role of local community culture on slow tourism attraction in Turkmen Sahara. This study is applied and its nature is descriptive-analytical. After designing the questionnaire, its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability by Cronbach’s test. Due to the limited number of slow tourists based on the inclusion criteria, through non-probable snowball sampling, 103 questionnaires were collected from the slow tourists of the Turkmen Sahara region, afterward, data were analyzed in SPSS software using regression and F test. The conclusion is that the local culture directly affects the slow tourist attraction in Turkmen Sahara.
Cultural development contributes to sustainable growth in the tourism industry. The main role of... more Cultural development contributes to sustainable growth in the tourism industry. The main role of tourism development is improving economic, social, and cultural development. Also, sustainable cultural development can be achieved through tourism evolution. This means that not only tourism must be sustainable, but also sustainable cultural development needs to be on agenda. Since Iran is one of the top ten countries, which has many potentials in the tourism industry, identifying its capacities is important. Moreover, developing accurate strategies and recognizing the challenges and obstacles of cultural development can turn this country into a top tourist destination in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary to study the strategies, their performance, and consequences in the tourism industry. Cultural tourism will have positive consequences if it is well planned and managed. This article aims to identify strategies, causes, and challenges of cultural development on tourism. This study employed a qualitative approach. Following the in-depth study of the relevant articles and documents, the data were gathered through in-depth interviews and then were analyzed using the Grounded Theory method through three coding stages (i.e. open, axial, and selective) using MAXQAD software.
The Islamic city is a living being, and each member has duties. The health and interaction of mem... more The Islamic city is a living being, and each member has duties. The health and interaction of members with each other ensure the performance of those duties. The buildings of the Islamic city have intangible sub-uses that confirm the material and spiritual life of the town, in addition to their central function. Apart from their cultural and historical significance, the survivors of these buildings today recount the period of dominance of the original traditions over human life. Accordingly, the study of any particular architecture recognizes the impact of its current function on city life. On the other hand, the process of acceleration over time deprives man today of confidence and increases his need to take refuge in the effects of a time when man lived a quieter life. The main questions of this research are to figure out the role of school narration of the scientific life in the Islamic city and how to portray it for today’s tourists. The method of conducting research is a historical method that analyzes the way of life in the period by interpreting the past events. This study used a descriptive method in the data analysis. The purpose of this article is to go beyond filling leisure, entertainment, and sightseeing in the face of historic buildings and cities. Therefore, a tourist in the school building should be interpreted as a human sitting in the narrator’s presence. A narrative in which the school is a point of view that acquaints the tourist with traditional life.
Backpacking tourism is a type of adventure tourism that has increased significantly in recent yea... more Backpacking tourism is a type of adventure tourism that has increased significantly in recent years. Backpackers are tourists who travel with only one backpack and the lowest possible budget. Their target destinations are lesser-known areas and nature. Backpackers travel to discover new destinations and communicate with locals to better understand them. They play an effective role in identifying and introducing lesser-known tourist destinations. Although choosing a backpacking travel style by young people in Iran is increasing, less research still exists in this field and its effects on the tourism industry of Iran and the local community has not been investigated. This study aims to recognize the attitudes of rural residents towards the phenomenon of backpacking and identify its socio-cultural effects on rural host communities. For this purpose, Darak village located in Chabahar city of Sistan and Baluchistan province was selected as a case study. To collect the required data, the interview method was used. Gathered data were then analyzed by using the content analysis method. Findings indicate that backpacking, directly and indirectly, has significant positive and negative socio-cultural effects on Darak village. The results and findings are presented and discussed in more detail.
Uploads
Papers by Tourism of culture Journal