Resumen El pinon del pino pinonero constituye uno de los productos no maderables caracteristicos ... more Resumen El pinon del pino pinonero constituye uno de los productos no maderables caracteristicos de los ecosistemas forestales mediterraneos. Las causas de la fuerte variacion interanual en la cosecha de pina requieren que se despeje su incertidumbre la cual dificulta la planificacion y gestion sostenible de los pinares. En este contexto, la presente comunicacion discute el significado biologico de las correlaciones entre la produccion anual de pina a escala regional y la variacion interanual de factores climaticos que explican el 75% de la variacion de produccion. La reduccion de la cosecha media por hectarea en mas del 35%, constatada en los ultimos 40 anos en los montes de la provincia de Valladolid, se explica por los efectos de las tendencias climaticas en este intervalo (reduccion de la precipitacion anual en un 15%, de la precipitacion primaveral en un 30%, aumento de la temperatura media de los meses de junio y julio en 1,7o C).
Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals tradit... more Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from...
Key message:
Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals tradi... more Key message: Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract: Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from 322 trees growing in eight pollard stands in Central Spain. Pollarding events were unequivocally identified at tree level by a characteristic change in growth pattern. We identified 2426 tree-level pruning events with the first event dated in 1777. Historical pruning recurrence ranged between 5 and 10 years with higher pollarding frequency on private lands. Pruning events within each site were synchronous, suggesting the existence of a rotational schema within each stand. Pruning frequency decreased drastically in the 1970s matching with the depopulation of rural areas and the general abandonment of traditional practices. Pollarding practices have recovered in recent decades although with lower intensity and lacking the synchronic historical patterns. Providing technical and economic support to make this traditional activity profitably would have strong environmental revenue due the multiple ecosystem services provided by pollarded ashes.
Los problemas de la regeneracion natural en los pinares de Pinus pinea L. y Pinus pinaster Ait. d... more Los problemas de la regeneracion natural en los pinares de Pinus pinea L. y Pinus pinaster Ait. de la provincia de Valladolid se estan estudiando, desde hace una decada, a traves de diferentes lineas de investigacion por el servicio forestal provincial con la colaboracion del I.N.I.A. y la Universidad de Valladolid. En las unidades dasocraticas en que estos ensayos han demostrado mayores dificultades para regenerar de forma natural tras las cortas por aclareo sucesivo uniforme, se ha planificado un nuevo estudio para intentar determinar cuales son los factores (dasocraticos y ambientales) que influyen en el proceso de regeneracion natural de un monte. En esta primera fase descriptiva, los datos obtenidos en los inventarios realizados muestran como no hay una correspondencia univoca entre las densidades de arbolado adulto o fraccion de cabida cubierta con las densidades de brinzales arraigados. Sin embargo, bajas densidades iniciales de arbolado adulto en el momento de comenzar el pr...
We aim to make a critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean st... more We aim to make a critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean stone pine forests, focusing on the stakeholders and end-users criticisms and points of views. To do this we first present an exhaustive review and analysis of the currently available literature on the topic, in order to detect gaps in knowledge. In a second part of the study, we analyze whether the stakeholders involved in stone pine managements make use of the existing models. We also analyze which are the characteristics and requirements that the potential end users demand to the models. Our results show an extraordinary development in the modelling activity for the species, identifying more than 109 scientific references, of whom 72 are publis hed in JCR® journals, although some gaps are observed. Despite this large availability of models, potential end-users of the models currently don ́t make an in-depth use of these tools, since in many occasion their demands are not met by the expe...
Specific Leaf Area (Specific Needle Area, SNA in “needle shape” leaves) is a measure of leaf thic... more Specific Leaf Area (Specific Needle Area, SNA in “needle shape” leaves) is a measure of leaf thickness. It is used for scaling physiological processes measured at the leaf and shoot scale to the whole-tree foliage, being closely related with species strategy to acquire and use resources. The main objective of this study was to gather a database of SNA values for stone pine collected in different time periods for Portugal and Spain and analyse the relationships between SNA and environmental conditions during needles growth. We analysed the variability of SNA within the tree and between trees from different ecological regions and studied the effect of: (i) hydrological years, (ii) light growing conditions within the crown and (iii) the combined effects of water and nutrients. Mean SNA values under natural conditions, taking all sites together, was 32.9 ± 1.2 cm2/g. Higher SNA values were found in needles developed during dry years, in needles growing under low light conditions and und...
The economic relevance of Mediterranean stone pine is based on the harvest of its cones for extra... more The economic relevance of Mediterranean stone pine is based on the harvest of its cones for extracting the edible Mediterranean pine nuts kernels. Recently, a severe loss of kernel-per-cone yield has been reported from cone processing industries: up to half of the extracted seeds are empty or contain only withered remains of the kernel. Additionally, a high percentage of small unripe conelets abort before maturity. The coincident emergence of both phenomena in several countries has coined the common name Dry Cone Syndrome (DCS). DCS has spread out all over the Mediterranean range of stone pine in the last four years, after first reports from Italy ten years ago. If persisting, DCS is regarded as a serious threat for commercial pine nut harvesting, an activity essential for the economic sustainability of Mediterranean pine forests and plantations, as well as for the cone processing industry in Europe, with a market of several hundred million euros annually. Cone processors surveys an...
In spite of the use of the edible kernels of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) gathered from Mediterran... more In spite of the use of the edible kernels of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) gathered from Mediterranean pine forests, the species remains a genuine forest tree that has never been domesticated as an orchard crop. In the last decades, some efforts have been made to select valuable genotypes for exploring the possibilities of Stone pine as an orchard crop. The present paper characterizes the cone yield of a grafted clone bank in order to elucidate the relevance of genetic and environment factors for seed-yield quantity and quality and for sequential transition rates of the development from pollinated conelets to ripe cones. Individual tree size and cone yield were separated in their genetic and environmental components, in order to estimate phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations. A statistical model for logtransformed individual cone yield was adjusted, ranking the tested genotypes by their estimated clonal value after adjustment for tree size covariables. The degree of genet...
ABSTRACT The project SUST-FOREST (Multifunctionality, conservation and rural employment in the te... more ABSTRACT The project SUST-FOREST (Multifunctionality, conservation and rural employment in the territory of southern Europe through resin tapping) was funded by the Territorial Cooperation Program for the European Southeast Space 2007- 2013 SUDOE Interreg IV B of the European Union (project SOE2/P2/E261) and marked as targets to support and recover the extraction of the resin as a profitable forest use as contribution to rural employment, diversification of forest products, conservation and fire prevention the extense pine forests of the southern Europe. In its framework, this manual Best practice guidelines for management of resin tapping aims to be a tool for decision makers, enterprises, workers and other players of the resin sector that resume the most relevant environmental aspects of resin tapping and its interrelation with other forestry activities, multiple uses, and functions. It focuses on the geographical area of the central Douro basin in Inner Spain, a sandy plain where the resin yield is easily to rationalize due to its flat and accessible extensive pine forests.
Resumen El pinon del pino pinonero constituye uno de los productos no maderables caracteristicos ... more Resumen El pinon del pino pinonero constituye uno de los productos no maderables caracteristicos de los ecosistemas forestales mediterraneos. Las causas de la fuerte variacion interanual en la cosecha de pina requieren que se despeje su incertidumbre la cual dificulta la planificacion y gestion sostenible de los pinares. En este contexto, la presente comunicacion discute el significado biologico de las correlaciones entre la produccion anual de pina a escala regional y la variacion interanual de factores climaticos que explican el 75% de la variacion de produccion. La reduccion de la cosecha media por hectarea en mas del 35%, constatada en los ultimos 40 anos en los montes de la provincia de Valladolid, se explica por los efectos de las tendencias climaticas en este intervalo (reduccion de la precipitacion anual en un 15%, de la precipitacion primaveral en un 30%, aumento de la temperatura media de los meses de junio y julio en 1,7o C).
Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals tradit... more Key message Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from...
Key message:
Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals tradi... more Key message: Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific management patterns. Abstract: Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from 322 trees growing in eight pollard stands in Central Spain. Pollarding events were unequivocally identified at tree level by a characteristic change in growth pattern. We identified 2426 tree-level pruning events with the first event dated in 1777. Historical pruning recurrence ranged between 5 and 10 years with higher pollarding frequency on private lands. Pruning events within each site were synchronous, suggesting the existence of a rotational schema within each stand. Pruning frequency decreased drastically in the 1970s matching with the depopulation of rural areas and the general abandonment of traditional practices. Pollarding practices have recovered in recent decades although with lower intensity and lacking the synchronic historical patterns. Providing technical and economic support to make this traditional activity profitably would have strong environmental revenue due the multiple ecosystem services provided by pollarded ashes.
Los problemas de la regeneracion natural en los pinares de Pinus pinea L. y Pinus pinaster Ait. d... more Los problemas de la regeneracion natural en los pinares de Pinus pinea L. y Pinus pinaster Ait. de la provincia de Valladolid se estan estudiando, desde hace una decada, a traves de diferentes lineas de investigacion por el servicio forestal provincial con la colaboracion del I.N.I.A. y la Universidad de Valladolid. En las unidades dasocraticas en que estos ensayos han demostrado mayores dificultades para regenerar de forma natural tras las cortas por aclareo sucesivo uniforme, se ha planificado un nuevo estudio para intentar determinar cuales son los factores (dasocraticos y ambientales) que influyen en el proceso de regeneracion natural de un monte. En esta primera fase descriptiva, los datos obtenidos en los inventarios realizados muestran como no hay una correspondencia univoca entre las densidades de arbolado adulto o fraccion de cabida cubierta con las densidades de brinzales arraigados. Sin embargo, bajas densidades iniciales de arbolado adulto en el momento de comenzar el pr...
We aim to make a critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean st... more We aim to make a critical review of the current state of the art of modelling in Mediterranean stone pine forests, focusing on the stakeholders and end-users criticisms and points of views. To do this we first present an exhaustive review and analysis of the currently available literature on the topic, in order to detect gaps in knowledge. In a second part of the study, we analyze whether the stakeholders involved in stone pine managements make use of the existing models. We also analyze which are the characteristics and requirements that the potential end users demand to the models. Our results show an extraordinary development in the modelling activity for the species, identifying more than 109 scientific references, of whom 72 are publis hed in JCR® journals, although some gaps are observed. Despite this large availability of models, potential end-users of the models currently don ́t make an in-depth use of these tools, since in many occasion their demands are not met by the expe...
Specific Leaf Area (Specific Needle Area, SNA in “needle shape” leaves) is a measure of leaf thic... more Specific Leaf Area (Specific Needle Area, SNA in “needle shape” leaves) is a measure of leaf thickness. It is used for scaling physiological processes measured at the leaf and shoot scale to the whole-tree foliage, being closely related with species strategy to acquire and use resources. The main objective of this study was to gather a database of SNA values for stone pine collected in different time periods for Portugal and Spain and analyse the relationships between SNA and environmental conditions during needles growth. We analysed the variability of SNA within the tree and between trees from different ecological regions and studied the effect of: (i) hydrological years, (ii) light growing conditions within the crown and (iii) the combined effects of water and nutrients. Mean SNA values under natural conditions, taking all sites together, was 32.9 ± 1.2 cm2/g. Higher SNA values were found in needles developed during dry years, in needles growing under low light conditions and und...
The economic relevance of Mediterranean stone pine is based on the harvest of its cones for extra... more The economic relevance of Mediterranean stone pine is based on the harvest of its cones for extracting the edible Mediterranean pine nuts kernels. Recently, a severe loss of kernel-per-cone yield has been reported from cone processing industries: up to half of the extracted seeds are empty or contain only withered remains of the kernel. Additionally, a high percentage of small unripe conelets abort before maturity. The coincident emergence of both phenomena in several countries has coined the common name Dry Cone Syndrome (DCS). DCS has spread out all over the Mediterranean range of stone pine in the last four years, after first reports from Italy ten years ago. If persisting, DCS is regarded as a serious threat for commercial pine nut harvesting, an activity essential for the economic sustainability of Mediterranean pine forests and plantations, as well as for the cone processing industry in Europe, with a market of several hundred million euros annually. Cone processors surveys an...
In spite of the use of the edible kernels of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) gathered from Mediterran... more In spite of the use of the edible kernels of Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) gathered from Mediterranean pine forests, the species remains a genuine forest tree that has never been domesticated as an orchard crop. In the last decades, some efforts have been made to select valuable genotypes for exploring the possibilities of Stone pine as an orchard crop. The present paper characterizes the cone yield of a grafted clone bank in order to elucidate the relevance of genetic and environment factors for seed-yield quantity and quality and for sequential transition rates of the development from pollinated conelets to ripe cones. Individual tree size and cone yield were separated in their genetic and environmental components, in order to estimate phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations. A statistical model for logtransformed individual cone yield was adjusted, ranking the tested genotypes by their estimated clonal value after adjustment for tree size covariables. The degree of genet...
ABSTRACT The project SUST-FOREST (Multifunctionality, conservation and rural employment in the te... more ABSTRACT The project SUST-FOREST (Multifunctionality, conservation and rural employment in the territory of southern Europe through resin tapping) was funded by the Territorial Cooperation Program for the European Southeast Space 2007- 2013 SUDOE Interreg IV B of the European Union (project SOE2/P2/E261) and marked as targets to support and recover the extraction of the resin as a profitable forest use as contribution to rural employment, diversification of forest products, conservation and fire prevention the extense pine forests of the southern Europe. In its framework, this manual Best practice guidelines for management of resin tapping aims to be a tool for decision makers, enterprises, workers and other players of the resin sector that resume the most relevant environmental aspects of resin tapping and its interrelation with other forestry activities, multiple uses, and functions. It focuses on the geographical area of the central Douro basin in Inner Spain, a sandy plain where the resin yield is easily to rationalize due to its flat and accessible extensive pine forests.
Uploads
Papers by S. Mutke
Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific
management patterns.
Abstract:
Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important
cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of
biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia
Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate
information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and
rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from 322 trees growing in eight
pollard stands in Central Spain. Pollarding events were unequivocally identified at tree level by a characteristic change in growth pattern. We
identified 2426 tree-level pruning events with the first event dated in 1777. Historical pruning recurrence ranged between 5 and 10 years with
higher pollarding frequency on private lands. Pruning events within each site were synchronous, suggesting the existence of a rotational schema
within each stand. Pruning frequency decreased drastically in the 1970s matching with the depopulation of rural areas and the general
abandonment of traditional practices. Pollarding practices have recovered in recent decades although with lower intensity and lacking the
synchronic historical patterns. Providing technical and economic support to make this traditional activity profitably would have strong
environmental revenue due the multiple ecosystem services provided by pollarded ashes.
Tree-ring growth of pollarded narrow-leaved ash trees in Central Spain reveals traditional management cessation in 1970 and property-specific
management patterns.
Abstract:
Tree pollarding was a dominant management strategy of European forests for centuries creating open agroforestry landscapes with important
cultural and environmental values. This traditional practice has been widely abandoned in last decades with a subsequent impact in terms of
biodiversity and cultural loss. Central Spain hosts the largest and best-preserved area of pollarded narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia
Vahl.) woodlands in Europe. The main aim of this research is to obtain rigorous historical records of pollarding frequency to get adequate
information for traditional ash management. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate temporal changes of pollarding frequency and
rotation length. We analysed the stand level synchrony and the effect of land property on pollarding activity from 322 trees growing in eight
pollard stands in Central Spain. Pollarding events were unequivocally identified at tree level by a characteristic change in growth pattern. We
identified 2426 tree-level pruning events with the first event dated in 1777. Historical pruning recurrence ranged between 5 and 10 years with
higher pollarding frequency on private lands. Pruning events within each site were synchronous, suggesting the existence of a rotational schema
within each stand. Pruning frequency decreased drastically in the 1970s matching with the depopulation of rural areas and the general
abandonment of traditional practices. Pollarding practices have recovered in recent decades although with lower intensity and lacking the
synchronic historical patterns. Providing technical and economic support to make this traditional activity profitably would have strong
environmental revenue due the multiple ecosystem services provided by pollarded ashes.