Municipal Waste Management Professional having more than 7 years of dedicated experience in planning and designing solid waste management systems ranging from the smallest administrative Unit (Union Council) to the Metropolitan corporations and rural areas. Worked under the guidance of the top waste management ''Gurus'' for reforming of the solid waste management sector in Punjab and other provinces of Pakistan. Besides this, designed and executed several capacity development training programs for the waste management professionals and officials of waste management companies and municipalities.My research interests varies from the solid waste characterisation (physical and chemical), environmental/social impact assessment of development projects, sustainable solid waste management services delivery, financial modeling of costs and recovery of the SWM services. Address: Lahore
The article presents a comparative analysis of the properties of cotton yarn spun on three pneuma... more The article presents a comparative analysis of the properties of cotton yarn spun on three pneumatic compact spinning systems Rieter ® K-44, Suessen ® Elite and Toyota ® RX-240. Combed compact cotton yarn with a linear density of 10 tex was spun on these compact spinning systems using medium staple cotton. The roving processed had the same tech-nological and kinematical parameters. The quality parameters such as mass irregularity, the imperfection index (IPI), hairiness and tensile behavior of the compact spun yarns were tested and analysed. The results revealed that K-44 compact spun yarn had less mass variation, a low IPI value, less hairiness and high tensile properties compared to the other compact spinning systems employed in the present work. Key words: compact yarn, combed yarn, quality parameters, Rieter ® K-44, Suessen ® Elite, Toyota ® RX-240. 25 -50%. The low degree of hairiness eliminates the singeing process and the consumption of dye is reduced in the dy-ing process. F...
It is imperative to design and operate sustainable solid waste management (SWM) systems in cities... more It is imperative to design and operate sustainable solid waste management (SWM) systems in cities based on the results of waste amount and characterization study (WACS). In this work, WACS was conducted, and results were used to design an SWM system for an intermediate city of Pakistan. The study revealed that about 110 tons of solid waste per day is generated with a per capita rate of 0.337 kg/day. Around 51.2 % of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) is organic in nature, and its non-scientific disposal is resulting in higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It was also found that more than 80 % of valuables are taken away by the informal sector during the transfer of MSW from the generation source to the dumping site. Ultimate analyses showed that the moisture content (MC) and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio were 64.23 % and 51.14 %, respectively. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture and calorific value were 57 % and 3505 BTU/lb., respectively. Based on these results, a material sorting facility (MSF) was proposed, with an estimated investment cost of US $3.64 million. However, efficiency of the existing collection system is limited to 32 % only. In order to improve the collection efficiency (>90 %), an additional investment of US $1.638 million was estimated with an operations and maintenance (O&M) cost of US $19.25 per ton. Existing non-scientific MSW disposal practices contribute 32079.61 CO2e tons/year of GHG emissions. The proposed MSF followed by composting is estimated to reduce GHG emissions by 38 % to 19722.38 CO2e tons/year.
After biological treatment, different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used to treat the ... more After biological treatment, different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used to treat the real textile dyeing wastewater as a final step to remove color, COD and other refractory organic compounds, which were partially removed using a biological process. In this study, biologically treated effluent obtained from a textile industry was treated for recycling in textile wet processing for dyeing. The wastewater presents a lilac color, with an average chromaticity number (DFZ) of 100.8, alkaline pH (7.9), COD value of 186.5 mg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) of 62.3 mg/L. Closed water loop recycling solution after trying a number of treatment option is proposed for achieving sustainability in industrial water consumption. UV/H2O2/O3 was evaluated as the most effective combination with reuse potential of 663,000 m3/year (with 85% water recovery, 100% color, and 60.1% COD removal) whereas the performance of ozone (O3), ozone/ultraviolet (O3/UV) and ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) was almost the same. However, highest color and COD removals were achieved using Fenton oxidation but reusability potential was zero. Treated wastewater (by O3, O3/UV, UV/H2O2/O3, O3/H2O2) was safely recycled for dyeing purposes with 35% and 20% less NaCl and Na2CO3 addition to dye bath, respectively. The estimated saving was calculated as 122,400 US$/year for this reduction.
The reuse and recycling of water in an industry is a hot topic in today's growing economy; consid... more The reuse and recycling of water in an industry is a hot topic in today's growing economy; considering water scarcity, strict regulations for discharge and the high cost of water treatment and supply. This study was planned to investigate the treatment and recycling potential of textile wastewater using membrane technology. Several combinations of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were applied both independently and in sequential arrangements to find the most suitable option for each type of segregated wastewater flow. However, dyeing and first washing wastewater with high salinity, the configuration of UP005 + NF200 + NF90 in a sequential arrangement provided 99.4% color, 99.1% COD, and 43.2% conductivity rejection. The UF + NF configuration was evaluated as the most promising solution to achieve the required water quality for water reuse applications without affecting fabric dyeing parameters and quality in case of pre-treatment and post dyeing operations.
Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in ... more Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in receiving water bodies and is mandated by the regulatory frameworks in several countries with discharge limits within 1-2mgPL⁻¹. Operating at higher sludge retention time (SRT) and higher biomass concentration than the conventional activated sludge process (CASP), membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are able to remove 70–98% phosphorus without addition of coagulant. In full-scale facilities, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is assisted by the addition of metal coagulant to ensure >95% P-removal. MBRs are successfully used for super-large-scale wastewater treatment facilities (capacity >100,000 m³d⁻¹). This paper documents the knowledge of P-removal modeling from lab to full-scale submerged MBRs and assesses the existing mathematical models for P-removal from domestic wastewater. There are still limited studies involving integrated modeling of the MBRs (full/super large-scale), considering the complex interactions among biology, chemical addition, filtration, and fouling. This paper analyses the design configurations and the parameters affecting the biological and chemical P-removal in MBRs to understand the P-removal process sensitivity and their implications for the modeling studies. Furthermore, it thoroughly reviews the applications of bio-kinetic and chemical precipitation models to MBRs for assessing their effectiveness with default stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and the extent to which these parameters have been calibrated/adjusted to simulate the P-removal successfully. It also presents a brief overview and comparison of seven (7) chemical precipitation models, along with a quick comparison of commercially available simulators. In addition to advantages associated with chemical precipitation for P-removal, its role in changing the relative abundance of the microbial community responsible for P-removal and denitrification and the controversial role in fouling mitigation/increase are discussed. Lastly, it encompasses several coagulant dosing control systems and their applications in the pilot to full-scale facilities to save coagulants and optimize the P-removal performance.
Water management, recycling, and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today's growing... more Water management, recycling, and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today's growing economy because of declining water levels, regulation pressure, and increasing cost of wastewater treatment and supply. In this study, recyclability and direct reuse of washing/bleaching wastewater from reactive dyeing of cotton fabric through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O 3 , UV-O 3 , O 3-H 2 O 2 , and O 3-H 2 O 2-UV) has been investigated. Dyeing trials with treated wastewater were carried out at laboratory scale and no undesirable effects on fabric dyeing quality (DE 1 for color variation) were found for all AOPs. The O 3-H 2 O 2-UV process removed COD at a higher rate (55%) than other studied AOPs while color removal was similar (>95%). In pad batch washing/rinsing, 100% water could be recycled (i.e.40% of the total water consumption at facility), reducing fresh water demand for washing operations. Despite this, energy saving, reduced salt consumption and reduction of the cycle time are in favor of recycling/reusing the washing/rinsing effluent.
Due to rapid population growth, increased industrial development and enhanced living standard, th... more Due to rapid population growth, increased industrial development and enhanced living standard, the per capita waste generation rates has been increased in the urban areas. The composition of the solid waste varies from region to region depending upon the income level, climatic conditions, social behavior and industrial production; influencing the per capita waste generation. The current study attempts to document the waste generation rates, composition and physio-chemical characteristics of the municipal solid waste produced in the Gujranwala City. The study was carried out for 8 days from 9-16 February 2015. For all physio-chemical analysis and testing standard ASTM methods have been used. The results of the study reveals that, all waste types contains 67 % to 99.1 % organic waste except street sweeping which have the lowest organic content (30%).Whereas, non-biodegradable fraction varies between 0.5 % to 4.5 % for all types of wastes. The accumulative apparent specific gravity was found 234 kg/m3. The chemical parameters (moisture, ash and combustible fraction) were found within optimum range.
Water management, recycling and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today’s growing ... more Water management, recycling and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today’s growing economy because of declining water levels, regulation pressure, and increasing cost of wastewater treatment and supply. This study was specifically designed for a textile industry located in Çorlu-Turkey, with an average production capacity of 35tons/day and water consumption of 3000 m3/ day depending upon the fabric quality. The problematic areas in knitted wet processing industry were identified after scrupulous testing of wastewater for different parameters like COD, color hardness, TSS, TDS, and conductivity that impede textile wastewater to be reused or recycled. Depending upon the quality and quantity of the wastewater from streams like pre-treatment, dyeing, washing and finishing; were categorized. The COD, Colour and salinity value of the discharge water were higher than the discharge limits. So, there was a need to upgrade the current treatment plant in order to meet the predefined standards and reuse the wastewater.Closed water loop recycling solution after trying a number of treatment options for segregated streams are proposed for achieving sustainability in industrial water consumption. UF/NF and O3/NF were evaluated as the most attractive options for the treatment of biologically treated wastewater, and the treated wastewater was safely reused for dyeing purposes. 100 % color, 95 % COD and 91 % conductivity removal was achieved by UF/NF system, while 100 % color, 92 % COD and 91 % conductivity removal was achieved by O3/NF system. Operational costs of the proposed systems were calculated as 0.41 and 0.31 USD/m3, respectively. 97 % color, 60 % COD and no conductivity removal was achieved by the ozonation (15 mg/l) of biologically treated wastewater. Ozonated wastewater was safely reused for dyeing purposes with 35 % and 20 % less NaCl and Na2CO3 introduction to dyebath, respectively. Operational cost of ozonation was calculated as 0.045 USD/m3. The estimated saving for this reduction was calculated as 10200 USD/month.
The article presents a comparative analysis of the properties of cotton yarn spun on three pneuma... more The article presents a comparative analysis of the properties of cotton yarn spun on three pneumatic compact spinning systems Rieter ® K-44, Suessen ® Elite and Toyota ® RX-240. Combed compact cotton yarn with a linear density of 10 tex was spun on these compact spinning systems using medium staple cotton. The roving processed had the same tech-nological and kinematical parameters. The quality parameters such as mass irregularity, the imperfection index (IPI), hairiness and tensile behavior of the compact spun yarns were tested and analysed. The results revealed that K-44 compact spun yarn had less mass variation, a low IPI value, less hairiness and high tensile properties compared to the other compact spinning systems employed in the present work. Key words: compact yarn, combed yarn, quality parameters, Rieter ® K-44, Suessen ® Elite, Toyota ® RX-240. 25 -50%. The low degree of hairiness eliminates the singeing process and the consumption of dye is reduced in the dy-ing process. F...
It is imperative to design and operate sustainable solid waste management (SWM) systems in cities... more It is imperative to design and operate sustainable solid waste management (SWM) systems in cities based on the results of waste amount and characterization study (WACS). In this work, WACS was conducted, and results were used to design an SWM system for an intermediate city of Pakistan. The study revealed that about 110 tons of solid waste per day is generated with a per capita rate of 0.337 kg/day. Around 51.2 % of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) is organic in nature, and its non-scientific disposal is resulting in higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It was also found that more than 80 % of valuables are taken away by the informal sector during the transfer of MSW from the generation source to the dumping site. Ultimate analyses showed that the moisture content (MC) and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio were 64.23 % and 51.14 %, respectively. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture and calorific value were 57 % and 3505 BTU/lb., respectively. Based on these results, a material sorting facility (MSF) was proposed, with an estimated investment cost of US $3.64 million. However, efficiency of the existing collection system is limited to 32 % only. In order to improve the collection efficiency (>90 %), an additional investment of US $1.638 million was estimated with an operations and maintenance (O&M) cost of US $19.25 per ton. Existing non-scientific MSW disposal practices contribute 32079.61 CO2e tons/year of GHG emissions. The proposed MSF followed by composting is estimated to reduce GHG emissions by 38 % to 19722.38 CO2e tons/year.
After biological treatment, different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used to treat the ... more After biological treatment, different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used to treat the real textile dyeing wastewater as a final step to remove color, COD and other refractory organic compounds, which were partially removed using a biological process. In this study, biologically treated effluent obtained from a textile industry was treated for recycling in textile wet processing for dyeing. The wastewater presents a lilac color, with an average chromaticity number (DFZ) of 100.8, alkaline pH (7.9), COD value of 186.5 mg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) of 62.3 mg/L. Closed water loop recycling solution after trying a number of treatment option is proposed for achieving sustainability in industrial water consumption. UV/H2O2/O3 was evaluated as the most effective combination with reuse potential of 663,000 m3/year (with 85% water recovery, 100% color, and 60.1% COD removal) whereas the performance of ozone (O3), ozone/ultraviolet (O3/UV) and ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) was almost the same. However, highest color and COD removals were achieved using Fenton oxidation but reusability potential was zero. Treated wastewater (by O3, O3/UV, UV/H2O2/O3, O3/H2O2) was safely recycled for dyeing purposes with 35% and 20% less NaCl and Na2CO3 addition to dye bath, respectively. The estimated saving was calculated as 122,400 US$/year for this reduction.
The reuse and recycling of water in an industry is a hot topic in today's growing economy; consid... more The reuse and recycling of water in an industry is a hot topic in today's growing economy; considering water scarcity, strict regulations for discharge and the high cost of water treatment and supply. This study was planned to investigate the treatment and recycling potential of textile wastewater using membrane technology. Several combinations of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were applied both independently and in sequential arrangements to find the most suitable option for each type of segregated wastewater flow. However, dyeing and first washing wastewater with high salinity, the configuration of UP005 + NF200 + NF90 in a sequential arrangement provided 99.4% color, 99.1% COD, and 43.2% conductivity rejection. The UF + NF configuration was evaluated as the most promising solution to achieve the required water quality for water reuse applications without affecting fabric dyeing parameters and quality in case of pre-treatment and post dyeing operations.
Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in ... more Phosphorus (P) removal from the domestic wastewater is required to counter the eutrophication in receiving water bodies and is mandated by the regulatory frameworks in several countries with discharge limits within 1-2mgPL⁻¹. Operating at higher sludge retention time (SRT) and higher biomass concentration than the conventional activated sludge process (CASP), membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are able to remove 70–98% phosphorus without addition of coagulant. In full-scale facilities, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is assisted by the addition of metal coagulant to ensure >95% P-removal. MBRs are successfully used for super-large-scale wastewater treatment facilities (capacity >100,000 m³d⁻¹). This paper documents the knowledge of P-removal modeling from lab to full-scale submerged MBRs and assesses the existing mathematical models for P-removal from domestic wastewater. There are still limited studies involving integrated modeling of the MBRs (full/super large-scale), considering the complex interactions among biology, chemical addition, filtration, and fouling. This paper analyses the design configurations and the parameters affecting the biological and chemical P-removal in MBRs to understand the P-removal process sensitivity and their implications for the modeling studies. Furthermore, it thoroughly reviews the applications of bio-kinetic and chemical precipitation models to MBRs for assessing their effectiveness with default stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and the extent to which these parameters have been calibrated/adjusted to simulate the P-removal successfully. It also presents a brief overview and comparison of seven (7) chemical precipitation models, along with a quick comparison of commercially available simulators. In addition to advantages associated with chemical precipitation for P-removal, its role in changing the relative abundance of the microbial community responsible for P-removal and denitrification and the controversial role in fouling mitigation/increase are discussed. Lastly, it encompasses several coagulant dosing control systems and their applications in the pilot to full-scale facilities to save coagulants and optimize the P-removal performance.
Water management, recycling, and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today's growing... more Water management, recycling, and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today's growing economy because of declining water levels, regulation pressure, and increasing cost of wastewater treatment and supply. In this study, recyclability and direct reuse of washing/bleaching wastewater from reactive dyeing of cotton fabric through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O 3 , UV-O 3 , O 3-H 2 O 2 , and O 3-H 2 O 2-UV) has been investigated. Dyeing trials with treated wastewater were carried out at laboratory scale and no undesirable effects on fabric dyeing quality (DE 1 for color variation) were found for all AOPs. The O 3-H 2 O 2-UV process removed COD at a higher rate (55%) than other studied AOPs while color removal was similar (>95%). In pad batch washing/rinsing, 100% water could be recycled (i.e.40% of the total water consumption at facility), reducing fresh water demand for washing operations. Despite this, energy saving, reduced salt consumption and reduction of the cycle time are in favor of recycling/reusing the washing/rinsing effluent.
Due to rapid population growth, increased industrial development and enhanced living standard, th... more Due to rapid population growth, increased industrial development and enhanced living standard, the per capita waste generation rates has been increased in the urban areas. The composition of the solid waste varies from region to region depending upon the income level, climatic conditions, social behavior and industrial production; influencing the per capita waste generation. The current study attempts to document the waste generation rates, composition and physio-chemical characteristics of the municipal solid waste produced in the Gujranwala City. The study was carried out for 8 days from 9-16 February 2015. For all physio-chemical analysis and testing standard ASTM methods have been used. The results of the study reveals that, all waste types contains 67 % to 99.1 % organic waste except street sweeping which have the lowest organic content (30%).Whereas, non-biodegradable fraction varies between 0.5 % to 4.5 % for all types of wastes. The accumulative apparent specific gravity was found 234 kg/m3. The chemical parameters (moisture, ash and combustible fraction) were found within optimum range.
Water management, recycling and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today’s growing ... more Water management, recycling and reuse in industrial facilities is a hot topic in today’s growing economy because of declining water levels, regulation pressure, and increasing cost of wastewater treatment and supply. This study was specifically designed for a textile industry located in Çorlu-Turkey, with an average production capacity of 35tons/day and water consumption of 3000 m3/ day depending upon the fabric quality. The problematic areas in knitted wet processing industry were identified after scrupulous testing of wastewater for different parameters like COD, color hardness, TSS, TDS, and conductivity that impede textile wastewater to be reused or recycled. Depending upon the quality and quantity of the wastewater from streams like pre-treatment, dyeing, washing and finishing; were categorized. The COD, Colour and salinity value of the discharge water were higher than the discharge limits. So, there was a need to upgrade the current treatment plant in order to meet the predefined standards and reuse the wastewater.Closed water loop recycling solution after trying a number of treatment options for segregated streams are proposed for achieving sustainability in industrial water consumption. UF/NF and O3/NF were evaluated as the most attractive options for the treatment of biologically treated wastewater, and the treated wastewater was safely reused for dyeing purposes. 100 % color, 95 % COD and 91 % conductivity removal was achieved by UF/NF system, while 100 % color, 92 % COD and 91 % conductivity removal was achieved by O3/NF system. Operational costs of the proposed systems were calculated as 0.41 and 0.31 USD/m3, respectively. 97 % color, 60 % COD and no conductivity removal was achieved by the ozonation (15 mg/l) of biologically treated wastewater. Ozonated wastewater was safely reused for dyeing purposes with 35 % and 20 % less NaCl and Na2CO3 introduction to dyebath, respectively. Operational cost of ozonation was calculated as 0.045 USD/m3. The estimated saving for this reduction was calculated as 10200 USD/month.
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