Earth Scientist, Ecologist and Agronomist, with large experience and production in Environmental Sciences, Soil Science and Terrain modeling, Forest Science, Biogeochemistry, Ecophysiology, Amazon, popularization of Science, Sustainability Science, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change, Lagrangian modeling.
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes... more The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these processes is essential for sustaining human and ecosystem well‐being. Predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover remains a challenge. Recently, changes in plant transpiration across the Amazon basin were shown to be associated disproportionately with changes in rainfall, suggesting that even small declines in transpiration (e.g., from deforestation) would lead to much larger declines in rainfall. Here, constraining these findings by the law of mass conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere, forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import and results in water yield. Conversely, in a sufficiently dry atmosphere increased tr...
The HAND tool was developed using Python programming language which uses functionalities of a com... more The HAND tool was developed using Python programming language which uses functionalities of a commercial geographic information system for constructing the HAND model and terrain map. This tool can be used in ArcGIS 10.2.
This data set is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation,... more This data set is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation, canopy temperature, humidity, and CO2 profiles and soil moisture and temperature profile data that were collected at nine towers across the Brazilian Amazon. Independent investigators provided the data from a variety of flux tower projects over the period 1999 thru 2006. The data have been harmonized across projects, additional quality control checks were performed, and the data were aggregated to several time intervals. Two versions of data are provided. One version is as received from the investigators and the second was processed through a series of automated and manual quality control steps. This data set includes 18 compressed (*.zip) data files with the two versions of data files for each of the nine sites.
Flux measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor above tropical rain forests are often difficu... more Flux measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor above tropical rain forests are often difficult to interpret because the terrain is usually complex. This complexity induces heterogeneity in the surface but also affects lateral movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) not readily detected by the eddy covariance systems. This study describes such variability using measurements of CO2 along vertical profiles and along a toposequence in a tropical rain forest near Manaus, Brazil.Seasonal and diurnal variation was recorded, with atmospheric CO2 concentration maxima around dawn, generally higher CO2 build‐up in the dry season and stronger daytime CO2 drawdown in the wet season. This variation was reflected all along the toposequence, but the slope and valley bottom accumulated clearly more CO2 than the plateaus, depending on atmospheric stability. Particularly during stable nights, accumulation was along lines of equal altitude, suggesting that large amounts of CO2 are stored in the valleys of the landscape. Flushing of this store only occurs during mid‐morning, when stored CO2 may well be partly transported back to the plateaus. It is clear that, for proper interpretation of tower fluxes in such complex and actively respiring terrain, the horizontal variability of storage needs to be taken into account not only during the night but also during the mornings.
<p>Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but the role of ... more <p>Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but the role of the region as a carbon appears to be declining. Increasing deforestation, fire and climate change-associated increases in drought, threaten to push forests past a tipping point. However, forests are complex, exhibiting drought responses indicative of both resilience (photosynthetic “greening”) and vulnerability (browning and tree mortality) that are difficult to explain by climate variation alone. Still needed is a framework for understanding and predicting how different regions will respond to different kinds of future drought. Here, we combine remotely-sensed photosynthetic vegetation indices (enhanced vegetation index, EVI, corrected for sun-sensor geometry; and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, SIF) with ground-based tree demography to test recent ecological hypotheses about forest drought resilience and vulnerability for different forest ecotypes across the basin, defined by their water-table depth, soil fertility and vegetation characteristics. In high-fertility southern Amazonia, drought response was importantly structured by water-table depth, with resilient greening in shallow-water-table-forests (where greater water availability heightened responsiveness to excess sunlight) contrasting with vulnerability (“browning” and excess tree mortality) over deeper water tables. Notably, shallow-water-table-forest resilience weakened as droughts lengthened. By contrast, low-fertility northern Amazonia, with slower-growing but drought-hardy trees (or tall trees, with deep-rooted water access), supported more drought-resilient forests independent of water-table depth. This work reveals a new biogeography of forest drought response that provides a framework for conservation decisions and improved prediction of heterogeneous forest responses to future climate changes, but warns that longer/more frequent droughts undermine these multiple ecohydrological strategies of Amazon forest resilience.</p>
An improved version of the Integrated Land Surface Model (INLAND), incorporating the physical, ec... more An improved version of the Integrated Land Surface Model (INLAND), incorporating the physical, ecological and hydrological parameters and processes pertaining to two subclasses of tropical forest in the central Amazon basin, a poorly drained flat plateau and a well-drained adjacent broad valley, is used to simulate the hydrological, energy and CO2 fluxes. The model is forced with observed meteorological data. The experimental output data from the model runs are compared with observational data at the two locations. The seasonal variabilities of water table depth at the valley site and the soil moisture at the plateau site are satisfactorily simulated. The two locations exhibit large differences in energy, carbon and water fluxes, both in the simulations and in the observations. Results validate the INLAND model and indicate the need for incorporating sub-grid scale variability in the relief, soil type and vegetation type attributes to improve the representation of the Amazonian ecos...
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes... more The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these processes is essential for sustaining human and ecosystem well‐being. Predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover remains a challenge. Recently, changes in plant transpiration across the Amazon basin were shown to be associated disproportionately with changes in rainfall, suggesting that even small declines in transpiration (e.g., from deforestation) would lead to much larger declines in rainfall. Here, constraining these findings by the law of mass conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere, forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import and results in water yield. Conversely, in a sufficiently dry atmosphere increased tr...
The HAND tool was developed using Python programming language which uses functionalities of a com... more The HAND tool was developed using Python programming language which uses functionalities of a commercial geographic information system for constructing the HAND model and terrain map. This tool can be used in ArcGIS 10.2.
This data set is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation,... more This data set is a compilation of carbon and energy eddy covariance flux, meteorology, radiation, canopy temperature, humidity, and CO2 profiles and soil moisture and temperature profile data that were collected at nine towers across the Brazilian Amazon. Independent investigators provided the data from a variety of flux tower projects over the period 1999 thru 2006. The data have been harmonized across projects, additional quality control checks were performed, and the data were aggregated to several time intervals. Two versions of data are provided. One version is as received from the investigators and the second was processed through a series of automated and manual quality control steps. This data set includes 18 compressed (*.zip) data files with the two versions of data files for each of the nine sites.
Flux measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor above tropical rain forests are often difficu... more Flux measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor above tropical rain forests are often difficult to interpret because the terrain is usually complex. This complexity induces heterogeneity in the surface but also affects lateral movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) not readily detected by the eddy covariance systems. This study describes such variability using measurements of CO2 along vertical profiles and along a toposequence in a tropical rain forest near Manaus, Brazil.Seasonal and diurnal variation was recorded, with atmospheric CO2 concentration maxima around dawn, generally higher CO2 build‐up in the dry season and stronger daytime CO2 drawdown in the wet season. This variation was reflected all along the toposequence, but the slope and valley bottom accumulated clearly more CO2 than the plateaus, depending on atmospheric stability. Particularly during stable nights, accumulation was along lines of equal altitude, suggesting that large amounts of CO2 are stored in the valleys of the landscape. Flushing of this store only occurs during mid‐morning, when stored CO2 may well be partly transported back to the plateaus. It is clear that, for proper interpretation of tower fluxes in such complex and actively respiring terrain, the horizontal variability of storage needs to be taken into account not only during the night but also during the mornings.
<p>Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but the role of ... more <p>Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but the role of the region as a carbon appears to be declining. Increasing deforestation, fire and climate change-associated increases in drought, threaten to push forests past a tipping point. However, forests are complex, exhibiting drought responses indicative of both resilience (photosynthetic “greening”) and vulnerability (browning and tree mortality) that are difficult to explain by climate variation alone. Still needed is a framework for understanding and predicting how different regions will respond to different kinds of future drought. Here, we combine remotely-sensed photosynthetic vegetation indices (enhanced vegetation index, EVI, corrected for sun-sensor geometry; and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, SIF) with ground-based tree demography to test recent ecological hypotheses about forest drought resilience and vulnerability for different forest ecotypes across the basin, defined by their water-table depth, soil fertility and vegetation characteristics. In high-fertility southern Amazonia, drought response was importantly structured by water-table depth, with resilient greening in shallow-water-table-forests (where greater water availability heightened responsiveness to excess sunlight) contrasting with vulnerability (“browning” and excess tree mortality) over deeper water tables. Notably, shallow-water-table-forest resilience weakened as droughts lengthened. By contrast, low-fertility northern Amazonia, with slower-growing but drought-hardy trees (or tall trees, with deep-rooted water access), supported more drought-resilient forests independent of water-table depth. This work reveals a new biogeography of forest drought response that provides a framework for conservation decisions and improved prediction of heterogeneous forest responses to future climate changes, but warns that longer/more frequent droughts undermine these multiple ecohydrological strategies of Amazon forest resilience.</p>
An improved version of the Integrated Land Surface Model (INLAND), incorporating the physical, ec... more An improved version of the Integrated Land Surface Model (INLAND), incorporating the physical, ecological and hydrological parameters and processes pertaining to two subclasses of tropical forest in the central Amazon basin, a poorly drained flat plateau and a well-drained adjacent broad valley, is used to simulate the hydrological, energy and CO2 fluxes. The model is forced with observed meteorological data. The experimental output data from the model runs are compared with observational data at the two locations. The seasonal variabilities of water table depth at the valley site and the soil moisture at the plateau site are satisfactorily simulated. The two locations exhibit large differences in energy, carbon and water fluxes, both in the simulations and in the observations. Results validate the INLAND model and indicate the need for incorporating sub-grid scale variability in the relief, soil type and vegetation type attributes to improve the representation of the Amazonian ecos...
Falsas controvérsias têm influenciado a elaboração de políticas sobre questões ambientais e de saúde há décadas, resultando em grandes retrocessos na implementação dessas políticas em todo o mundo. Utilizando um estudo de caso, neste artigo são examinadas falsas controvérsias produzidas por um pequeno grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros que têm afetado seriamente a conservação ambiental, particularmente em questões relacionadas ao desmatamento e às mudanças climáticas. Com base na literatura, foi desenvolvida uma tipologia das estratégias empregadas em falsas controvérsias, que incluem a fabricação de incertezas, o uso indevido de credenciais científicas e a desconsideração da literatura científica. Posteriormente, foi examinada a influência desse grupo de negacionistas no Congresso Nacional. Analisam-se, então, as falsas controvérsias promovidas por esses negacionistas e argumenta-se que, para entendê-las adequadamente, é necessário considerar uma estratégia até agora negligenciada na literatura: a criação de “pseudofatos”, ou seja, afirmações em desacordo com a literatura científica já estabelecida, mas que são mascaradas para parecerem fatos científicos. Ao contrário de outros contextos, nos quais os negacionistas têm procurado principalmente lançar dúvidas sobre questões já consensuais, argumentando que ainda existem incertezas consideráveis em torno delas, no Brasil foram produzidos e publicados pseudofatos sobre o desmatamento fora do âmbito da literatura revisada por pares. Concluímos o estudo com recomendações sobre como se opor às falsas controvérsias científicas que ameaçam a conservação ambiental em geral.
Uploads
Papers by Antonio Donato Nobre
Falsas controvérsias têm influenciado a elaboração de políticas sobre questões ambientais e de saúde há décadas, resultando em grandes retrocessos na implementação dessas políticas em todo o mundo. Utilizando um estudo de caso, neste artigo são examinadas falsas
controvérsias produzidas por um pequeno grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros que têm afetado seriamente a conservação ambiental, particularmente em questões relacionadas ao desmatamento e às mudanças climáticas. Com base na literatura, foi desenvolvida uma tipologia das estratégias empregadas em falsas controvérsias, que incluem a fabricação de incertezas, o uso indevido de credenciais científicas e a desconsideração da literatura científica. Posteriormente,
foi examinada a influência desse grupo de negacionistas no Congresso Nacional. Analisam-se, então, as falsas controvérsias promovidas por esses negacionistas e argumenta-se que, para entendê-las adequadamente, é necessário considerar uma estratégia até agora negligenciada na literatura: a criação de “pseudofatos”, ou seja, afirmações em desacordo com a literatura científica já estabelecida, mas que são mascaradas para parecerem fatos científicos. Ao contrário de outros
contextos, nos quais os negacionistas têm procurado principalmente lançar dúvidas sobre questões já consensuais, argumentando que ainda existem incertezas consideráveis em torno delas, no Brasil foram produzidos e publicados pseudofatos sobre o desmatamento fora do âmbito da literatura revisada por pares. Concluímos o estudo com recomendações sobre como se opor às falsas controvérsias científicas que ameaçam a conservação ambiental em geral.