For the next coming years, metaverse, digital twin and autonomous vehicle applications are the le... more For the next coming years, metaverse, digital twin and autonomous vehicle applications are the leading technologies for many complex applications hitherto inaccessible such as health and life sciences, smart home, smart agriculture, smart city, smart car and logistics, Industry 4.0, entertainment (video game) and social media applications, due to recent tremendous developments in process modeling, supercomputing, cloud data analytics (deep learning, etc.), communication network and AIoT/IIoT/IoT technologies. AIoT/IIoT/IoT is a crucial research field because it provides the essential data to fuel metaverse, digital twin, real-time Industry 4.0 and autonomous vehicle applications. However, the science of AIoT is inherently multidisciplinary, and therefore, it is difficult for readers to understand its evolution and impacts. Our main contribution in this article is to analyze and highlight the trends and challenges of the AIoT technology ecosystem including core hardware (MCU, MEMS/NE...
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependabili... more Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependability of CPS is still a critical issue, and rare survey has been published in this domain. CPS is a dynamic complex system, which involves various multidisciplinary technologies. To avoid human error and to simplify management, self-management CPS (SCPS) is a wise choice. And to achieve dependable self-management, systematic solution is necessary to verify the design and to guarantee the safety of self-adaptation decision, as well as to maintain the health of SCPS. This survey first recalls the concepts of dependability, and proposes a generic environment-in-loop processing flow of self-management CPS, and then analyzes the error sources and challenges of self-management through the formal feedback flow. Focus on reducing the complexity, we first survey the self-adaptive architecture approaches and applied dependability means; then we introduce a hybrid multi-role self-adaptive architecture...
ABSTRACT We present a new and simple topology named HCN, which is well adapted to distributed sha... more ABSTRACT We present a new and simple topology named HCN, which is well adapted to distributed shared MIMD. The HCN may be modelled by a regular oriented symmetric graph, where each node corresponds to the vertex and the connection corresponds to the arc. The HCN has a fixed degree (Δ=c) where c also defines the number of nodes in a SMIMD cluster. The graph order is c n , where n is the hierarchical level and each node is identified by nlog 2 c bit. The HCN is partitionable and recursive, its diameter is D n =2D n-1 +1. A connection function is defined permitting to implement efficiently the routing algorithm. The collective communication of HCN such as broadcasting will be compared with the well know topology hypercube. The HCN is well adapted for a large field of application and it may be built easily by using of-the-shelf processor (ADSP-2106X SHARC...).
DREAM is a super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel based on LINDA concept. The key fe... more DREAM is a super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel based on LINDA concept. The key features of DREAM are: pseudo process and tuple migration, DSP hardware tuning and ease fault-tolerant applications implementation by using different approaches such as PB, DMR, TMR. In this paper, we present the basic concepts of DREAM that allow pseudo process and tuple migration. A case study of fault -tolerance (P/B approach) is implemented on TMS320C31 starter's kits. Keys word: Super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel, Fault-tolerance, Dynamic reconfiguration, LINDA, Pseudo process and tuple migration.
In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies have seen great advances, particularly, th... more In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies have seen great advances, particularly, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which provides a powerful and flexible routing framework that can be applied in a variety of application scenarios. In this context, as an important role of IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can utilize RPL to design efficient routing protocols for a specific application to increase the ubiquity of networks with resource-constrained WSN nodes that are low-cost and easy to deploy. In this article, our work starts with the description of Agricultural Low-power and Lossy Networks (A-LLNs) complying with the LLN framework, and to clarify the requirements of this application-oriented routing solution. After a brief review of existing optimization techniques for RPL, our contribution is dedicated to a Scalable Context-Aware Objective Function (SCAOF) that can adapt RPL to the environmental monitoring of A-LLNs, through combinin...
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with their constant evolution, need new management methods to ... more The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with their constant evolution, need new management methods to be monitored efficiently by taking into account their constraints such as energy consumption, reliability and remote monitoring. Note that WSN has diverse application domains: smart home, smart care, environmental data collection etc. In order to manage a large scale WSN, some Wireless sensor network Management Tools (WMTs) are developed. Some of them use SNMP protocol but it is impossible to implement the full classical SNMP standard on each node. Therefore, it is important to develop a new WMT with a restricted SNMP standard dedicated to WSN applications. In this paper, we present a new WMT named LiveNCM: LiveNode Non invasive Context-aware, and modular Management tool. LiveNCM is divided into two main parts: one is centralized on the fixed network structure and another one, distributed on each node. Each part introduces the concept of non-invasive context aware to reduce data exchange...
2012 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing and 9th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing, 2012
ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have played an important role in diverse domains. Howeve... more ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have played an important role in diverse domains. However, programming on WSN nodes are quite hard because currently there exist no standard software and hardware platforms in WSN. Thus it's essential to build a software infrastructure that can provide a decent development environment to the users. One sound choice to achieve this objective is to deploy embedded Java virtual machine (EJVM) on the WSN nodes. However, most sensor nodes are resources-constrained devices and WSN applications have some essential performance requirements as well, the feasibility of applying any EJVM on a WSN platform should be evaluated in advance. In this paper, an EJVM simpleRTJ is researched, chosen, ported and enhanced on the Live node platform equipped with AT91SAM7S256 micro controller. The experimental work proves that simpleRTJ is an advisable method for providing a decent WSN development environment. Yet the observed drawbacks such as the non-trivial RAM resource requirement and low executive efficiency restrict its employment on the high memory and energy resources constrained sensor nodes, e.g., the ones equipped with the micro controller ATMEGA1281. To address this challenge, an efficient middleware EMIDE is implemented complementally to substitute EJVM for meeting the challenge of implementation on the high resources-constrained WSN platforms. The performance evaluation work proves that EMIDE is an effective method to provide a decent WSN development environment as well as capable to be applied on the high resources-constrained sensor platforms.
Operating system (OS) technology is significant for the proliferation of the wireless sensor netw... more Operating system (OS) technology is significant for the proliferation of the wireless sensor network (WSN). With an outstanding OS; the constrained WSN resources (processor; memory and energy) can be utilized efficiently. Moreover; the user application development can be served soundly. In this article; a new hybrid; real-time; memory-efficient; energy-efficient; user-friendly and fault-tolerant WSN OS MIROS is designed and implemented. MIROS implements the hybrid scheduler and the dynamic memory allocator. Real-time scheduling can thus be achieved with low memory consumption. In addition; it implements a mid-layer software EMIDE (Efficient Mid-layer Software for User-Friendly Application Development Environment) to decouple the WSN application from the low-level system. The application programming process can consequently be simplified and the application reprogramming performance improved. Moreover; it combines both the software and the multi-core hardware techniques to conserve t...
As the symptoms and signs of heart diseases that cause sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmia h... more As the symptoms and signs of heart diseases that cause sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmia has attracted great attention. Due to limitations in time and space, traditional approaches to cardiac arrhythmias detection fail to provide a real-time continuous monitoring and testing service applicable in different environmental conditions. Integrated with the latest technologies in ECG (electrocardiograph) analysis and medical care, the pervasive computing technology makes possible the ubiquitous cardiac care services, and thus brings about new technical challenges, especially in the formation of cardiac care architecture and realization of the real-time automatic ECG detection algorithm dedicated to care devices. In this paper, a ubiquitous cardiac care prototype system is presented with its architecture framework well elaborated. This prototype system has been tested and evaluated in all the clinical-/home-/outdoor-care modes with a satisfactory performance in providing real-time c...
For the next coming years, metaverse, digital twin and autonomous vehicle applications are the le... more For the next coming years, metaverse, digital twin and autonomous vehicle applications are the leading technologies for many complex applications hitherto inaccessible such as health and life sciences, smart home, smart agriculture, smart city, smart car and logistics, Industry 4.0, entertainment (video game) and social media applications, due to recent tremendous developments in process modeling, supercomputing, cloud data analytics (deep learning, etc.), communication network and AIoT/IIoT/IoT technologies. AIoT/IIoT/IoT is a crucial research field because it provides the essential data to fuel metaverse, digital twin, real-time Industry 4.0 and autonomous vehicle applications. However, the science of AIoT is inherently multidisciplinary, and therefore, it is difficult for readers to understand its evolution and impacts. Our main contribution in this article is to analyze and highlight the trends and challenges of the AIoT technology ecosystem including core hardware (MCU, MEMS/NE...
Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependabili... more Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) has been a popular research area in the last decade. The dependability of CPS is still a critical issue, and rare survey has been published in this domain. CPS is a dynamic complex system, which involves various multidisciplinary technologies. To avoid human error and to simplify management, self-management CPS (SCPS) is a wise choice. And to achieve dependable self-management, systematic solution is necessary to verify the design and to guarantee the safety of self-adaptation decision, as well as to maintain the health of SCPS. This survey first recalls the concepts of dependability, and proposes a generic environment-in-loop processing flow of self-management CPS, and then analyzes the error sources and challenges of self-management through the formal feedback flow. Focus on reducing the complexity, we first survey the self-adaptive architecture approaches and applied dependability means; then we introduce a hybrid multi-role self-adaptive architecture...
ABSTRACT We present a new and simple topology named HCN, which is well adapted to distributed sha... more ABSTRACT We present a new and simple topology named HCN, which is well adapted to distributed shared MIMD. The HCN may be modelled by a regular oriented symmetric graph, where each node corresponds to the vertex and the connection corresponds to the arc. The HCN has a fixed degree (Δ=c) where c also defines the number of nodes in a SMIMD cluster. The graph order is c n , where n is the hierarchical level and each node is identified by nlog 2 c bit. The HCN is partitionable and recursive, its diameter is D n =2D n-1 +1. A connection function is defined permitting to implement efficiently the routing algorithm. The collective communication of HCN such as broadcasting will be compared with the well know topology hypercube. The HCN is well adapted for a large field of application and it may be built easily by using of-the-shelf processor (ADSP-2106X SHARC...).
DREAM is a super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel based on LINDA concept. The key fe... more DREAM is a super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel based on LINDA concept. The key features of DREAM are: pseudo process and tuple migration, DSP hardware tuning and ease fault-tolerant applications implementation by using different approaches such as PB, DMR, TMR. In this paper, we present the basic concepts of DREAM that allow pseudo process and tuple migration. A case study of fault -tolerance (P/B approach) is implemented on TMS320C31 starter's kits. Keys word: Super small distributed hard real-time micro-kernel, Fault-tolerance, Dynamic reconfiguration, LINDA, Pseudo process and tuple migration.
In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies have seen great advances, particularly, th... more In recent years, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies have seen great advances, particularly, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL), which provides a powerful and flexible routing framework that can be applied in a variety of application scenarios. In this context, as an important role of IoT, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can utilize RPL to design efficient routing protocols for a specific application to increase the ubiquity of networks with resource-constrained WSN nodes that are low-cost and easy to deploy. In this article, our work starts with the description of Agricultural Low-power and Lossy Networks (A-LLNs) complying with the LLN framework, and to clarify the requirements of this application-oriented routing solution. After a brief review of existing optimization techniques for RPL, our contribution is dedicated to a Scalable Context-Aware Objective Function (SCAOF) that can adapt RPL to the environmental monitoring of A-LLNs, through combinin...
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with their constant evolution, need new management methods to ... more The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with their constant evolution, need new management methods to be monitored efficiently by taking into account their constraints such as energy consumption, reliability and remote monitoring. Note that WSN has diverse application domains: smart home, smart care, environmental data collection etc. In order to manage a large scale WSN, some Wireless sensor network Management Tools (WMTs) are developed. Some of them use SNMP protocol but it is impossible to implement the full classical SNMP standard on each node. Therefore, it is important to develop a new WMT with a restricted SNMP standard dedicated to WSN applications. In this paper, we present a new WMT named LiveNCM: LiveNode Non invasive Context-aware, and modular Management tool. LiveNCM is divided into two main parts: one is centralized on the fixed network structure and another one, distributed on each node. Each part introduces the concept of non-invasive context aware to reduce data exchange...
2012 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing and 9th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing, 2012
ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have played an important role in diverse domains. Howeve... more ABSTRACT Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have played an important role in diverse domains. However, programming on WSN nodes are quite hard because currently there exist no standard software and hardware platforms in WSN. Thus it's essential to build a software infrastructure that can provide a decent development environment to the users. One sound choice to achieve this objective is to deploy embedded Java virtual machine (EJVM) on the WSN nodes. However, most sensor nodes are resources-constrained devices and WSN applications have some essential performance requirements as well, the feasibility of applying any EJVM on a WSN platform should be evaluated in advance. In this paper, an EJVM simpleRTJ is researched, chosen, ported and enhanced on the Live node platform equipped with AT91SAM7S256 micro controller. The experimental work proves that simpleRTJ is an advisable method for providing a decent WSN development environment. Yet the observed drawbacks such as the non-trivial RAM resource requirement and low executive efficiency restrict its employment on the high memory and energy resources constrained sensor nodes, e.g., the ones equipped with the micro controller ATMEGA1281. To address this challenge, an efficient middleware EMIDE is implemented complementally to substitute EJVM for meeting the challenge of implementation on the high resources-constrained WSN platforms. The performance evaluation work proves that EMIDE is an effective method to provide a decent WSN development environment as well as capable to be applied on the high resources-constrained sensor platforms.
Operating system (OS) technology is significant for the proliferation of the wireless sensor netw... more Operating system (OS) technology is significant for the proliferation of the wireless sensor network (WSN). With an outstanding OS; the constrained WSN resources (processor; memory and energy) can be utilized efficiently. Moreover; the user application development can be served soundly. In this article; a new hybrid; real-time; memory-efficient; energy-efficient; user-friendly and fault-tolerant WSN OS MIROS is designed and implemented. MIROS implements the hybrid scheduler and the dynamic memory allocator. Real-time scheduling can thus be achieved with low memory consumption. In addition; it implements a mid-layer software EMIDE (Efficient Mid-layer Software for User-Friendly Application Development Environment) to decouple the WSN application from the low-level system. The application programming process can consequently be simplified and the application reprogramming performance improved. Moreover; it combines both the software and the multi-core hardware techniques to conserve t...
As the symptoms and signs of heart diseases that cause sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmia h... more As the symptoms and signs of heart diseases that cause sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmia has attracted great attention. Due to limitations in time and space, traditional approaches to cardiac arrhythmias detection fail to provide a real-time continuous monitoring and testing service applicable in different environmental conditions. Integrated with the latest technologies in ECG (electrocardiograph) analysis and medical care, the pervasive computing technology makes possible the ubiquitous cardiac care services, and thus brings about new technical challenges, especially in the formation of cardiac care architecture and realization of the real-time automatic ECG detection algorithm dedicated to care devices. In this paper, a ubiquitous cardiac care prototype system is presented with its architecture framework well elaborated. This prototype system has been tested and evaluated in all the clinical-/home-/outdoor-care modes with a satisfactory performance in providing real-time c...
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Papers by Kun Mean Hou