Widjaja Martokusumo (1966) graduated from the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB). In 1999 he was awarded a Doktor-Ingenieur (Dr.-Ing.) degree in urban planning and design from the Fachbereich Stadt-/Landschaftsplanung, Universität Gesamthochschule Kassel, Germany. Since Dec 2013 he becomes the Head of Architectural Design Research Group, at the School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, ITB. Through his teaching, research and professional engagements, he has contributed to the study of architectural conservation, urban heritage conservation, and urban design in Indonesia.
This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mo... more This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus...
Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the... more Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the others. It is also an important quality to achieve sustainability in urban development in the increasing pressure of globalization. Street is the urban element that plays an important role in creating identity of the city. As the main channel where people move in the city, streetscapes character serves as an immediate source of general images and perceptions on the urban identity. Identifying streetscape character in a city is an approach to discover the urban identity. This paper attempts to discuss the formation of urban identity based from public perception on the distinctiveness and imageability of streetscapes character. The study took case in Bogor, a colonial city in West Java, which well known as botanical center and had certain streetscapes character that represent the city’s distinctive identity. However, the demands of economic activities has encourages new developments of Bo...
Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar per... more Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar percentage of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions the main cause of climate change. The building sector is a major energy consumer, and empirical research reveals that carbon-dioxide emissions from the building sector exceed those of the industry and transport sectors. Contextual juxtaposition has commonly been applied in designing a new building in the historic district. In the realm of design, such philosophy-based design approach requires objective measurements. When new glass building considered, the question on greenhouse gas emissions becomes significant. To minimize energy consumption and reduce sun glare, brise-soleil and horizontal fixed shading devices have been used as elements of building’s facade. Nowadays, algae as part of building facade system have been used in creating a healthier indoor environment. This paper is written based on an on-going architectural design-based res...
Urban development with its complexity is a permanent process of adjustment towards economic use o... more Urban development with its complexity is a permanent process of adjustment towards economic use of technology and development of socio-culture patterns. Changes due to globalization and modernization require a sensitive understanding in the way how people manage critical, and irreplaceable existing urban resources properly. Nowadays, this is clearly indicated by the emerging issues of sustainability and depletion of valuable resources in the discourse on urban design and development. In course of transformation process revitalization can be perceived as one of urban strategies. In essence, revitalization is an integrated effort to bring back the vitality of underused and deteriorated urban areas. The scope of revitalization is economic, socio-cultural and physical criteria for new investments, while the non-physical interventions, mostly dominated by economic and financial considerations, social rehabilitation etc., strive for sustainability of urban area. Basically, revitalization ...
When it comes to understanding the spread of COVID-19, recent studies have shown that pathogens c... more When it comes to understanding the spread of COVID-19, recent studies have shown that pathogens can be transmitted in two ways: direct contact and airborne pathogens. While the former is strongly related to the distancing behavior of people in society, the latter are associated with the length of the period in which the airborne pathogens remain active. Considering those facts, we constructed a compartmental model with a time-dependent transmission rate that incorporates the two sources of infection. This paper provides an analytical and numerical study of the model that validates trivial insights related to disease spread in a responsive society. As a case study, we applied the model to the COVID-19 spread data from a university environment, namely, the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, during its early reopening stage, with a constant number of students. The results show a significant fit between the rendered model and the recorded cases of infections. The extrapolated trajec...
Many lecture space facilities today are included in audism category because they do not yet have ... more Many lecture space facilities today are included in audism category because they do not yet have space design regulations for hearing disabilities. As a result, students with hearing disabilities, who are not identified from the start, require more time to sustain their education. This study aims to apply related theories including DeafSpace principles and interiority to find lecture space settings that can support the behavior of SHD’s. Lecture spaces in the CADL-BIT building are not currently designed specifically for users with disabilities in application of interiority. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data is collected through observation, simulation, and interviews to explore the experience of space users. The research results showed that spatial experience was influenced by behavior, activities and space. The behavior of students with hearing disabilities in lecture space settings is influenced by interiority. There are lecture classrooms fo...
The culture of hearing disabilities is one of the minority that is still marginalized of rights, ... more The culture of hearing disabilities is one of the minority that is still marginalized of rights, including in this case the fulfillment of needs for access of information communication and technology (ICT). Design for individual of students with hearing disability in a campus environment that focuses through barrier-free access. Over the past decade, the universal design movement, which strives to produce of products and environments that suit the individual needs of students with hearing disabilities, has provided product innovation and standard assistive technology. The concept of universal design and application is remain largely limited to the physical and visual domains. Considerations for assistive technology access in campus environments for individual of students with hearing disabilities continue to experience deficiencies. Critical reflection of how innovation design of assistive technology sort of fearing disabilities communicator “speech recognition” can choose speech to...
Streets are the most important infrastructure that serves as organizational elements of the urban... more Streets are the most important infrastructure that serves as organizational elements of the urban development process.Criteria for inclusive infrastructure among others are environmental concerns; consider the local values as well as connectivity. Those are also criteria of urban identity, which is an important quality to achieve sustainability in urban development. However, c ities around the world undergo a dynamic process of change, and evolving a new, uniform physical form regardless of their geographical environment and local values. Urban growth, driven by the power of global economic forces, has changes the urban identity. This paper attempts to describe how infrastructure development, particularly street network planning, influences the urban identity in the city of Bogor, which known as a colonial resort city, botanical center, tourism and education. This identity was evident in the streetscape character of the old city center, which built in such way that creates a strong ...
EACEF - International Conference of Civil Engineering, Aug 1, 2013
As highlighted in the UNESCO convention 1972, cultural and natural heritage are increasingly thre... more As highlighted in the UNESCO convention 1972, cultural and natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not merely by the natural causes of decay, but by human-caused disaster. This research deals with questions how far the safety management can play a role in protecting against fire disasters without diminishing the significance the historic buildings. For this purpose, West-assembly and East-assembly Hall Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) are used as a case study. The research aims to identitfy fire risk of these two main historic buildings of the ITB campus, and secondly to indicate to what extent retrofitting would be allowed regarding the requirements of retention of significance. The study discovers that the value of cultural significance of these assembly halls is very high, so that changes or damage caused by fire can reduce the value. Given the facts that most building materials are made of timber, thus the fire risk of these prominent buildings of ITB is considered very high too. Following this, such building are vulnerable to fire, since fire can quickly spread to all parts of the building. On the other hand, the installment of fire protection systems, both active and passive, in certain parts of the building, can be done without damaging the authenticity of components and design of the building. However, the protection system must be guaranteed for 24/7 to ensure that the fire does not grow. Otherwise, the installed protection system will be considered ineffective. The study elucidates that the success of mitigation depends on the quality of protection monitoring, maintenance and control of the fire safety of the building management of those unique assembly halls. Efforts on fire protection for historic buildings should be based not only upon the magnitude of the risk of fire, but also the value of cultural significance should be taken into account. Reliable fire safety management is an important factor that plays an important role in the integration between fire protection and historic preservation. Keywords: historic preservation, fire safety management, timber construction, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Depok, a city in the south of Jakarta, has developed very rapidly in the last 30 years. Until the... more Depok, a city in the south of Jakarta, has developed very rapidly in the last 30 years. Until the end of the 1970s, Depok was dominated by agricultural land, but now it is replaced by residential, commercial and services areas. The dynamic development of Depok has been followed by the transformation of the architecture of the city. In the process, the transformation occurs without control. The change of the architecture of Depok city does not only affect visual issue, but also the issue of declining of city amenity, and the emergence of social and environmental issues. The transformation, as a result of modernity, has background of political, economic, and social factors. Modernity does not only mean the present or the distinction from previous periods, but also breaking the tradition of the architecture of Depok city. We formulated a clear concept and foundation based on the current researches and literature, to further examine the issue of the transformation of the architecture of...
This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mo... more This paper discusses the assessment process of the cultural significance of the Al-Anwar Angke Mosque in Jakarta. The mosque has been designated as an important cultural heritage, in which architectural, historical, and sociocultural values are explicitly demonstrated. Furthermore, the mosque was also considered a symbol of the diverse community in Batavia. However, the 18th-century mosque has undergone physical (including its details and ornaments) and environmental changes due to sociocultural, economic, and political dynamics. Therefore, continuous monitoring is essential to protect historic buildings, and cultural heritage values should be assessed periodically. The assessment of cultural significance includes aesthetic, historical, scientific, sociocultural, and spiritual criteria. Data collection and analysis are based on observation, interviews, and related literature. Furthermore, some critical notes indicate that assessment must be performed regularly and continuously. Thus...
Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the... more Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the others. It is also an important quality to achieve sustainability in urban development in the increasing pressure of globalization. Street is the urban element that plays an important role in creating identity of the city. As the main channel where people move in the city, streetscapes character serves as an immediate source of general images and perceptions on the urban identity. Identifying streetscape character in a city is an approach to discover the urban identity. This paper attempts to discuss the formation of urban identity based from public perception on the distinctiveness and imageability of streetscapes character. The study took case in Bogor, a colonial city in West Java, which well known as botanical center and had certain streetscapes character that represent the city’s distinctive identity. However, the demands of economic activities has encourages new developments of Bo...
Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar per... more Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar percentage of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions the main cause of climate change. The building sector is a major energy consumer, and empirical research reveals that carbon-dioxide emissions from the building sector exceed those of the industry and transport sectors. Contextual juxtaposition has commonly been applied in designing a new building in the historic district. In the realm of design, such philosophy-based design approach requires objective measurements. When new glass building considered, the question on greenhouse gas emissions becomes significant. To minimize energy consumption and reduce sun glare, brise-soleil and horizontal fixed shading devices have been used as elements of building’s facade. Nowadays, algae as part of building facade system have been used in creating a healthier indoor environment. This paper is written based on an on-going architectural design-based res...
Urban development with its complexity is a permanent process of adjustment towards economic use o... more Urban development with its complexity is a permanent process of adjustment towards economic use of technology and development of socio-culture patterns. Changes due to globalization and modernization require a sensitive understanding in the way how people manage critical, and irreplaceable existing urban resources properly. Nowadays, this is clearly indicated by the emerging issues of sustainability and depletion of valuable resources in the discourse on urban design and development. In course of transformation process revitalization can be perceived as one of urban strategies. In essence, revitalization is an integrated effort to bring back the vitality of underused and deteriorated urban areas. The scope of revitalization is economic, socio-cultural and physical criteria for new investments, while the non-physical interventions, mostly dominated by economic and financial considerations, social rehabilitation etc., strive for sustainability of urban area. Basically, revitalization ...
When it comes to understanding the spread of COVID-19, recent studies have shown that pathogens c... more When it comes to understanding the spread of COVID-19, recent studies have shown that pathogens can be transmitted in two ways: direct contact and airborne pathogens. While the former is strongly related to the distancing behavior of people in society, the latter are associated with the length of the period in which the airborne pathogens remain active. Considering those facts, we constructed a compartmental model with a time-dependent transmission rate that incorporates the two sources of infection. This paper provides an analytical and numerical study of the model that validates trivial insights related to disease spread in a responsive society. As a case study, we applied the model to the COVID-19 spread data from a university environment, namely, the Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia, during its early reopening stage, with a constant number of students. The results show a significant fit between the rendered model and the recorded cases of infections. The extrapolated trajec...
Many lecture space facilities today are included in audism category because they do not yet have ... more Many lecture space facilities today are included in audism category because they do not yet have space design regulations for hearing disabilities. As a result, students with hearing disabilities, who are not identified from the start, require more time to sustain their education. This study aims to apply related theories including DeafSpace principles and interiority to find lecture space settings that can support the behavior of SHD’s. Lecture spaces in the CADL-BIT building are not currently designed specifically for users with disabilities in application of interiority. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data is collected through observation, simulation, and interviews to explore the experience of space users. The research results showed that spatial experience was influenced by behavior, activities and space. The behavior of students with hearing disabilities in lecture space settings is influenced by interiority. There are lecture classrooms fo...
The culture of hearing disabilities is one of the minority that is still marginalized of rights, ... more The culture of hearing disabilities is one of the minority that is still marginalized of rights, including in this case the fulfillment of needs for access of information communication and technology (ICT). Design for individual of students with hearing disability in a campus environment that focuses through barrier-free access. Over the past decade, the universal design movement, which strives to produce of products and environments that suit the individual needs of students with hearing disabilities, has provided product innovation and standard assistive technology. The concept of universal design and application is remain largely limited to the physical and visual domains. Considerations for assistive technology access in campus environments for individual of students with hearing disabilities continue to experience deficiencies. Critical reflection of how innovation design of assistive technology sort of fearing disabilities communicator “speech recognition” can choose speech to...
Streets are the most important infrastructure that serves as organizational elements of the urban... more Streets are the most important infrastructure that serves as organizational elements of the urban development process.Criteria for inclusive infrastructure among others are environmental concerns; consider the local values as well as connectivity. Those are also criteria of urban identity, which is an important quality to achieve sustainability in urban development. However, c ities around the world undergo a dynamic process of change, and evolving a new, uniform physical form regardless of their geographical environment and local values. Urban growth, driven by the power of global economic forces, has changes the urban identity. This paper attempts to describe how infrastructure development, particularly street network planning, influences the urban identity in the city of Bogor, which known as a colonial resort city, botanical center, tourism and education. This identity was evident in the streetscape character of the old city center, which built in such way that creates a strong ...
EACEF - International Conference of Civil Engineering, Aug 1, 2013
As highlighted in the UNESCO convention 1972, cultural and natural heritage are increasingly thre... more As highlighted in the UNESCO convention 1972, cultural and natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not merely by the natural causes of decay, but by human-caused disaster. This research deals with questions how far the safety management can play a role in protecting against fire disasters without diminishing the significance the historic buildings. For this purpose, West-assembly and East-assembly Hall Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) are used as a case study. The research aims to identitfy fire risk of these two main historic buildings of the ITB campus, and secondly to indicate to what extent retrofitting would be allowed regarding the requirements of retention of significance. The study discovers that the value of cultural significance of these assembly halls is very high, so that changes or damage caused by fire can reduce the value. Given the facts that most building materials are made of timber, thus the fire risk of these prominent buildings of ITB is considered very high too. Following this, such building are vulnerable to fire, since fire can quickly spread to all parts of the building. On the other hand, the installment of fire protection systems, both active and passive, in certain parts of the building, can be done without damaging the authenticity of components and design of the building. However, the protection system must be guaranteed for 24/7 to ensure that the fire does not grow. Otherwise, the installed protection system will be considered ineffective. The study elucidates that the success of mitigation depends on the quality of protection monitoring, maintenance and control of the fire safety of the building management of those unique assembly halls. Efforts on fire protection for historic buildings should be based not only upon the magnitude of the risk of fire, but also the value of cultural significance should be taken into account. Reliable fire safety management is an important factor that plays an important role in the integration between fire protection and historic preservation. Keywords: historic preservation, fire safety management, timber construction, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Depok, a city in the south of Jakarta, has developed very rapidly in the last 30 years. Until the... more Depok, a city in the south of Jakarta, has developed very rapidly in the last 30 years. Until the end of the 1970s, Depok was dominated by agricultural land, but now it is replaced by residential, commercial and services areas. The dynamic development of Depok has been followed by the transformation of the architecture of the city. In the process, the transformation occurs without control. The change of the architecture of Depok city does not only affect visual issue, but also the issue of declining of city amenity, and the emergence of social and environmental issues. The transformation, as a result of modernity, has background of political, economic, and social factors. Modernity does not only mean the present or the distinction from previous periods, but also breaking the tradition of the architecture of Depok city. We formulated a clear concept and foundation based on the current researches and literature, to further examine the issue of the transformation of the architecture of...
Collaborative working in form of a jointly-organized design studio workshop was held at the Dept.... more Collaborative working in form of a jointly-organized design studio workshop was held at the Dept. Architecture UGM, Jogjakarta from 5-12 Nov 2014. The one week 'multi-culti' workshop, initiated by Dept Arch. ITB and Faculty Arch. FH Erfurt, dealt with conceptual ideas on redesigning the first built by Dutch private railway company (NIS) Lempuyangan Railway Station in Jogjakarta. Besides the basic requirements of the railway operational requirements and the changing role of the railway station, the studio task, which introduces the adaptive reuse concept for the exiting historic structures, also challenged the participants in responding to the newly-proposed urban development scheme of the (surroundings) area. This included the integration of future transit hub. Site visits, presentations and discussions with the representative of Indonesian railway company were also part of the data collecting and facility programming in the design workshop. For better insight of Jogjakarta and surrounding, cultural programme and a guided Kotagede city tour by UGM colleagues were also scheduled as complimentary to the workshop.
Persoalan pelestarian bangunan bersejarah atau Bangunan Cagar Budaya (BCB) belum mendapat perhati... more Persoalan pelestarian bangunan bersejarah atau Bangunan Cagar Budaya (BCB) belum mendapat perhatian yang proporsional. Pemanfaatan kritis bangunan bersejarah, adalah upaya untuk memaknai kembali artefak sejarah, maka diperlukan upaya-upaya seperti adaptasi fisik dan penyesuaian fungsi (adaptive reuse). Kasus Redesain Stasiun Purworedjo menawarkan alternatif solusi fungsi (hotel, galeri/ruang eksibisi/visitor centre, retail dan foodmarket) dalam upaya pemanfaatan bangunan Stasiun yang sudah direnovasi pada tahun 2012 lalu.
Collaborative working in form of a jointly-organized design studio workshop took place at the Dep... more Collaborative working in form of a jointly-organized design studio workshop took place at the Dept. Architecture ITS, Surabaya from 18-24 Oct 2012. The one week workshop, initiated by Dept Arch. ITB and Faculty Arch. FH Erfurt, dealt with conceptual ideas on redesigning the existing Semut Railway old Station in Surabaya, built firstly up in 1878 as Soerabaia Kota Station. In 1911 the Station was developed. Besides the basic requirements of the railway operational requirements and the changing role of the railway station, the studio task, which introduces the adaptive reuse concept for the exiting historic structures, also challenged the participants in responding to the newly-proposed Surabaya urban transportation scheme of the (surroundings) area. This included the integration of future transit hub, i.e. the adjacent situated Semut Station, the old neglected Station and surroundings urban facilities. Site visits, presentations and discussions with the representative of Indonesian railway company were also part of the data collecting and facility programming in the multi-culti design workshop.
Pada tahun 2008 Observatorium Bosscha FMIPA ITB juga telah ditetapkan sebagai Objek Vital Nasiona... more Pada tahun 2008 Observatorium Bosscha FMIPA ITB juga telah ditetapkan sebagai Objek Vital Nasional (Obvitnas). Sejumlah bangunan di dalam lingkungan observatorium Bosscha FMIPA ITB berada dalam kondisi fisik yang buruk dan terlantar, termasuk Rumah F ini. Sebagai salah satu fasilitas hunian yang memiliki nilai signifikansi budaya, bangunan konstruksi kayu ini merupakan bagian dari sejarah perkembangan observatorium. Rehabilitasi dan redesain Rumah F merupakan bagian dari implementasi rencana pengembangan SSCB (Space Science Centre Bosscha). Kegiatan ini merupakan upaya untuk memberdayakan, memelihara aset/fasilitas bangunan yang selama ini terlantar, sekaligus upaya proteksi terhadap kemungkinan intervensi pihak luar yang dapat menganggu kinerja Obvitnas tersebut. Pemanfaatan bangunan Rumah F sebagai Wisma Tamu, merupakan salah satu solusi dalam pengelolaan aset-aset berupa bangunan di lingkungan Observatorium Bosscha.
Implementasi gagasan Earth and Space Science Centre Bosscha (ESSCB) diwujudkan melalui rencana pe... more Implementasi gagasan Earth and Space Science Centre Bosscha (ESSCB) diwujudkan melalui rencana pemanfataan Bangunan eks-PMDC seluas 5600 m2 dengan alih fungsi (adaptive reuse) dan penataan ulang (redesain) bangunan tersebut untuk mewujudkan rencana pengembangan Space and Earth Science Centre Bosscha. Bangunan eks-PMDC sendiri dibangun pada periode 1970an sebagai convention centre. Pemanfaatan bangunan eks-PMDC sebagai fasilitas laboratorium multi-disiplin ESSCB diwujudkan dengan pemanfaatan ruang/fasilitas observatorium yang selama ini terlantar dengan cara meredesain sebagian bangunan tersebut. Selain itu, intervensi juga harus dilakukan di dalam batas-batas persyaratan kajian AMDAL. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan mengingat kondisi kawasan yang sensitif, dan juga observatorium Bosscha ITB Lembang telah ditetapkan sebagai Objek Vital Nasional (Obvitnas) pada tahun 2008.
Rencana pemanfataan dengan alih fungsi (adaptive reuse) dan penataan ulang (redesain) bangunan dilakukan untuk mewujudkan rencana pengembangan SSC Bosscha. Prinsip-prinsip teknologi yang tepat dalam rancang bangun, prinsip-prinsip daur hidup bangunan dan kemudahan perawatan serta pemeliharaan bangunan menjadi prinsip yang inklusif dalam perancangan arsitektural. (3R reduce, recycle dan reuse).
Bangunan Wisma Kerkhoven (Rumah A) ini terletak pada bagian selatan tapak kawasan observatorium B... more Bangunan Wisma Kerkhoven (Rumah A) ini terletak pada bagian selatan tapak kawasan observatorium Bosscha, Lembang yang memiliki ketinggian sekitar 1300 m (dpl). Massa bangunan (ukuran 11 x 28 m2) ini berupa empat persegi panjang, dengan perletakan memanjang ke arah Utara-Selatan. Wisma Kerkhoven adalah bangunan rangka kayu (Fachwerk-Haus), dengan atap menggunakan kuda-kuda kayu dan pelapis atap metal berwarna merah tua. Bangunan dengan strukur rangka kayu ini sudah merupakan bangunan langka di kota Bandung.
Rehabilitasi bangunan Wisma Kerkhoven ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk melestarikan sebuah artefak yang memiliki sejarah panjang, khususnya dalam pengembangan ilmu Astronomi di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Integrasi fungsi baru dengan modifikasi fisik bangunan, seyogyanya dipahami sebagai cara untuk mendayagunakan artefak bersejarah. Hal ini juga sekaligus untuk memberikan makna baru, khususnya untuk mengapresiasi sebuah produk budaya (arsitektur) sebagai bagian dari Observatorium Bosscha ITB yang telah ditetapkan sebagai Benda Cagar Budaya tahun 2004.
Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the... more Urban identity serves as the basis to recognize a city as an inseparable entity distinct from the others. It is also an important quality to achieve sustainability in urban development in the increasing pressure of globalization. Street is the urban element that plays an important role in creating identity of the city. As the main channel where people move in the city, streetscapes character serves as an immediate source of general images and perceptions on the urban identity. Identifying streetscape character in a city is an approach to discover the urban identity. This paper attempts to discuss the formation of urban identity based from public perception on the distinctiveness and imageability of streetscapes character. The study took case in Bogor, a colonial city in West Java, which well known as botanical center and had certain streetscapes character that represent the city's distinctive identity. However, the demands of economic activities has encourages new developments of Bogor and produced new streetscapes character that depict its identity. The result is that distinctiveness and imageability of Bogor streetscape character is formed by physical elements, activity as well as ambience, and determined by traffic arrangements. In general, Bogor urban identity is formed by a blend of positive and negative ambience, old and new urban fabrics as well as traditional and modern economic activities.
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Papers by Widjaja Martokusumo
Rencana pemanfataan dengan alih fungsi (adaptive reuse) dan penataan ulang (redesain) bangunan dilakukan untuk mewujudkan rencana pengembangan SSC Bosscha. Prinsip-prinsip teknologi yang tepat dalam rancang bangun, prinsip-prinsip daur hidup bangunan dan kemudahan perawatan serta pemeliharaan bangunan menjadi prinsip yang inklusif dalam perancangan arsitektural. (3R reduce, recycle dan reuse).
Rehabilitasi bangunan Wisma Kerkhoven ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk melestarikan sebuah artefak yang memiliki sejarah panjang, khususnya dalam pengembangan ilmu Astronomi di Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara. Integrasi fungsi baru dengan modifikasi fisik bangunan, seyogyanya dipahami sebagai cara untuk mendayagunakan artefak bersejarah. Hal ini juga sekaligus untuk memberikan makna baru, khususnya untuk mengapresiasi sebuah produk budaya (arsitektur) sebagai bagian dari Observatorium Bosscha ITB yang telah ditetapkan sebagai Benda Cagar Budaya tahun 2004.