We hypothesize two sources for sheepskin effects--signaling, and diplomas tied to jobs with downw... more We hypothesize two sources for sheepskin effects--signaling, and diplomas tied to jobs with downwards rigid wages. These theories have implications for diploma effects not only in the first, but also the second moments of the Mincerian earnings distribution that we are able to identify using a flexible econometric specification. Idiosyncrasies in Mexican labor market and educational institutions offer a natural experiment on which to train this methodology and test these theories. Correcting for heterogeneity in diplomas, we find no evidence of sheepskin effects, except on graduation from primary school. We find compelling evidence that returns to education (in both moments) are linked with labor market institutions and job-specific diplomas in the manner we hypothesize. Our econometric structure corrects for sample selectivity due to unemployment and allows us to observe behavior on the quantity axis of a labor market segmented by sheepskin effects. We also analyze the covariates o...
verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this cop... more verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies.
We propose self-employment as an explanation for the observed reduction in inequality occurring a... more We propose self-employment as an explanation for the observed reduction in inequality occurring after the Mexican economic crisis of 1995. The evidence appears as a contradiction to the labour-hoarding hypothesis, which states that inequality was expected to increase because the only asset of the poor was labour. Self-employment has been an escape to inflation and staggered wages bringing as a consequence reduced inequality. Therefore, individuals will be pushed into self employment as a means of survival if they ...
Se pretende responder la siguiente pregunta:¿ el incremento en el consumo de bienes durables-como... more Se pretende responder la siguiente pregunta:¿ el incremento en el consumo de bienes durables-como los electrodomésticos-ayudó a que el partido en el poder mantuviese la presidencia de México en el 2006? Dicho de otra manera,¿ la clase media votó a favor del actual modelo económico? Limitaciones en los datos forzaron a contestar estas preguntas de manera indirecta estableciendo correlaciones y no causalidades, con los respectivos problemas de identificación. Sin embargo, esta investigación no pudo rechazar la ...
This paper questions if an increase in consumption of durable goods' such as electric applia... more This paper questions if an increase in consumption of durable goods' such as electric appliances, associated in the media with an emerging middle class' could have aided the incumbent party to retain the Mexican pres' idency in 2006'again, associated in the media with the backing of the economic model by voters. Important data limitations forced to employ indirect tests of these and to rely on correlations rather than causalities' with the associated identification problems. Nonetheless, it was not able to reject the hypothesis ...
Macroeconomists, development scholars, and policy makers have long recognized the importance of p... more Macroeconomists, development scholars, and policy makers have long recognized the importance of poverty traps as a mayor cause of persistent inequality and a serious limitation to growth. A poverty trap may be defined as a threshold level below which individuals or households will not increase their long term well-being despite the conditions of the economy. While the importance of poverty traps is widely accepted, their microfoundations (the rationality) behind them are not very well understood. Under the ...
lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels ... more lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels of development. Governments look for public policy schemes to enhance its accumulation among the poor, one of these strategies is to apply programs based on Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). This form of giving a targeted subsidy consists in establishing some conditions that the receiver must fulfill in order to get the benefits. We argue that while the quantity effect in education (enrollment) of these programs has been studied with some detail, much fewer has been written about the quality effect. A theoretical model is presented with some pessimistic predictions: it is expected that participants in CCT should have lower grades. The result is caused by two effects: a switching effect where some students may decide to enroll because of the CCT and will do the minimum to remain in track. Secondly, while the transfer component of the program may cause relief, an incomplete homologation wo...
The lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low lev... more The lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels of development. Governments look for public policy schemes to enhance its accumulation among the poor, one of these strategies is to apply programs based on Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). This form of giving a targeted subsidy consists in establishing some conditions that the receiver must fulfill in order to get the benefits. We argue that while the quantity effect in education (enrollment) of these programs has been ...
Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía, 2021
La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política públi... more La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política pública. Cada gestión tiene el reto de encontrar el financiamiento para cumplir con la operación del gobierno y llevar a cabo los planes para el desarrollo delos países. Esta investigación contribuye al debate sobre el espacio fiscal y propone una metodología para su medición. A partir de la definición del espacio fiscal en términos del presupuesto disponible, se expone el caso mexicano y se abordan las opciones que existen para su ampliación a nivel federal
Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía
La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política públi... more La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política pública. Cada gestión tiene el reto de encontrar el financiamiento para cumplir con la operación del gobierno y llevar a cabo los planes para el desarrollo delos países. Esta investigación contribuye al debate sobre el espacio fiscal y propone una metodología para su medición. A partir de la definición del espacio fiscal en términos del presupuesto disponible, se expone el caso mexicano y se abordan las opciones que existen para su ampliación a nivel federal
En México, el reciente aumento internacional en el precio de los alimentos ha afectado más que pr... more En México, el reciente aumento internacional en el precio de los alimentos ha afectado más que proporcionalmente a los sectores más marginados de la población. La presente investigación evalúa el efecto de dicho aumento en la pobreza, considerando la capacidad de sustitución en el consumo de las familias. Además, se analiza la eficiencia en la focalización de diferentes mecanismos de asignación de recursos públicos, y se encuentra que la utilización del padrón de beneficiarios de algunos programas sociales como Oportunidades representa una mejora en relación con otros esquemass de asignación, como los subsidios a los alimentos y las transferencias universales. Sin embargo, un porcentaje importante de la población en situación de pobreza alimentaria no está protegido por la red de programas soaciales, por lo que uno de los desafíos fundamentales del gobierno federal será el de ampliar su cobertura en el corto y medianos plazos.
Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del cost... more Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del costo de las principales enfermedades cronicas que padece la poblacion mexicana, y que debe cubrir el gobierno federal. Asimismo, pretende abrir la discusion sobre la cobertura efectiva universal de salud en Mexico, a traves de una herramienta de microsimulacion que permita presentar y evaluar diferentes escenarios en cuanto a su costo financiero, para poder hacer propuestas de financiamiento sostenible, principalmente porque se estan enfrentando cambios demograficos y epidemiologicos que conllevan aumentos en los costos de atencion medica.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00036840600994120, Apr 11, 2011
We compare four explanations for the value of diplomas, each of which has implications for unempl... more We compare four explanations for the value of diplomas, each of which has implications for unemployment and wage variation amongst graduates, most of which have not previously been tested for when seeking to explain the effects of diplomas. We test for these implications using a refined econometric framework, exploiting idiosyncrasies in Mexican labour market and educational institutions. Premiums in Mexico appear to result from diplomas tied to jobs with downwards rigid wages–an uncommon but simple explanation. ...
Este capítulo comienza por describir la situación actual de las finanzas públicas en México, para... more Este capítulo comienza por describir la situación actual de las finanzas públicas en México, para luego discutir en la sección subsecuente sus perspectivas en un futuro próximo, de seguir el régimen tributario y los patrones de gasto público que prevalecen actualmente. El resto del capítulo se dedica entonces a detallar una serie de reformas fiscales que pueden ayudar a mejorar
We hypothesize two sources for sheepskin effects--signaling, and diplomas tied to jobs with downw... more We hypothesize two sources for sheepskin effects--signaling, and diplomas tied to jobs with downwards rigid wages. These theories have implications for diploma effects not only in the first, but also the second moments of the Mincerian earnings distribution that we are able to identify using a flexible econometric specification. Idiosyncrasies in Mexican labor market and educational institutions offer a natural experiment on which to train this methodology and test these theories. Correcting for heterogeneity in diplomas, we find no evidence of sheepskin effects, except on graduation from primary school. We find compelling evidence that returns to education (in both moments) are linked with labor market institutions and job-specific diplomas in the manner we hypothesize. Our econometric structure corrects for sample selectivity due to unemployment and allows us to observe behavior on the quantity axis of a labor market segmented by sheepskin effects. We also analyze the covariates o...
verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this cop... more verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies.
We propose self-employment as an explanation for the observed reduction in inequality occurring a... more We propose self-employment as an explanation for the observed reduction in inequality occurring after the Mexican economic crisis of 1995. The evidence appears as a contradiction to the labour-hoarding hypothesis, which states that inequality was expected to increase because the only asset of the poor was labour. Self-employment has been an escape to inflation and staggered wages bringing as a consequence reduced inequality. Therefore, individuals will be pushed into self employment as a means of survival if they ...
Se pretende responder la siguiente pregunta:¿ el incremento en el consumo de bienes durables-como... more Se pretende responder la siguiente pregunta:¿ el incremento en el consumo de bienes durables-como los electrodomésticos-ayudó a que el partido en el poder mantuviese la presidencia de México en el 2006? Dicho de otra manera,¿ la clase media votó a favor del actual modelo económico? Limitaciones en los datos forzaron a contestar estas preguntas de manera indirecta estableciendo correlaciones y no causalidades, con los respectivos problemas de identificación. Sin embargo, esta investigación no pudo rechazar la ...
This paper questions if an increase in consumption of durable goods' such as electric applia... more This paper questions if an increase in consumption of durable goods' such as electric appliances, associated in the media with an emerging middle class' could have aided the incumbent party to retain the Mexican pres' idency in 2006'again, associated in the media with the backing of the economic model by voters. Important data limitations forced to employ indirect tests of these and to rely on correlations rather than causalities' with the associated identification problems. Nonetheless, it was not able to reject the hypothesis ...
Macroeconomists, development scholars, and policy makers have long recognized the importance of p... more Macroeconomists, development scholars, and policy makers have long recognized the importance of poverty traps as a mayor cause of persistent inequality and a serious limitation to growth. A poverty trap may be defined as a threshold level below which individuals or households will not increase their long term well-being despite the conditions of the economy. While the importance of poverty traps is widely accepted, their microfoundations (the rationality) behind them are not very well understood. Under the ...
lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels ... more lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels of development. Governments look for public policy schemes to enhance its accumulation among the poor, one of these strategies is to apply programs based on Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). This form of giving a targeted subsidy consists in establishing some conditions that the receiver must fulfill in order to get the benefits. We argue that while the quantity effect in education (enrollment) of these programs has been studied with some detail, much fewer has been written about the quality effect. A theoretical model is presented with some pessimistic predictions: it is expected that participants in CCT should have lower grades. The result is caused by two effects: a switching effect where some students may decide to enroll because of the CCT and will do the minimum to remain in track. Secondly, while the transfer component of the program may cause relief, an incomplete homologation wo...
The lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low lev... more The lack of human capital is typically associated as cause and consequence of poverty and low levels of development. Governments look for public policy schemes to enhance its accumulation among the poor, one of these strategies is to apply programs based on Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT). This form of giving a targeted subsidy consists in establishing some conditions that the receiver must fulfill in order to get the benefits. We argue that while the quantity effect in education (enrollment) of these programs has been ...
Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía, 2021
La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política públi... more La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política pública. Cada gestión tiene el reto de encontrar el financiamiento para cumplir con la operación del gobierno y llevar a cabo los planes para el desarrollo delos países. Esta investigación contribuye al debate sobre el espacio fiscal y propone una metodología para su medición. A partir de la definición del espacio fiscal en términos del presupuesto disponible, se expone el caso mexicano y se abordan las opciones que existen para su ampliación a nivel federal
Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía
La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política públi... more La existencia de recursos públicos es esencial para la implementación de cualquier política pública. Cada gestión tiene el reto de encontrar el financiamiento para cumplir con la operación del gobierno y llevar a cabo los planes para el desarrollo delos países. Esta investigación contribuye al debate sobre el espacio fiscal y propone una metodología para su medición. A partir de la definición del espacio fiscal en términos del presupuesto disponible, se expone el caso mexicano y se abordan las opciones que existen para su ampliación a nivel federal
En México, el reciente aumento internacional en el precio de los alimentos ha afectado más que pr... more En México, el reciente aumento internacional en el precio de los alimentos ha afectado más que proporcionalmente a los sectores más marginados de la población. La presente investigación evalúa el efecto de dicho aumento en la pobreza, considerando la capacidad de sustitución en el consumo de las familias. Además, se analiza la eficiencia en la focalización de diferentes mecanismos de asignación de recursos públicos, y se encuentra que la utilización del padrón de beneficiarios de algunos programas sociales como Oportunidades representa una mejora en relación con otros esquemass de asignación, como los subsidios a los alimentos y las transferencias universales. Sin embargo, un porcentaje importante de la población en situación de pobreza alimentaria no está protegido por la red de programas soaciales, por lo que uno de los desafíos fundamentales del gobierno federal será el de ampliar su cobertura en el corto y medianos plazos.
Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del cost... more Este articulo analiza la sostenibilidad del gasto publico en salud, desde la perspectiva del costo de las principales enfermedades cronicas que padece la poblacion mexicana, y que debe cubrir el gobierno federal. Asimismo, pretende abrir la discusion sobre la cobertura efectiva universal de salud en Mexico, a traves de una herramienta de microsimulacion que permita presentar y evaluar diferentes escenarios en cuanto a su costo financiero, para poder hacer propuestas de financiamiento sostenible, principalmente porque se estan enfrentando cambios demograficos y epidemiologicos que conllevan aumentos en los costos de atencion medica.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00036840600994120, Apr 11, 2011
We compare four explanations for the value of diplomas, each of which has implications for unempl... more We compare four explanations for the value of diplomas, each of which has implications for unemployment and wage variation amongst graduates, most of which have not previously been tested for when seeking to explain the effects of diplomas. We test for these implications using a refined econometric framework, exploiting idiosyncrasies in Mexican labour market and educational institutions. Premiums in Mexico appear to result from diplomas tied to jobs with downwards rigid wages–an uncommon but simple explanation. ...
Este capítulo comienza por describir la situación actual de las finanzas públicas en México, para... more Este capítulo comienza por describir la situación actual de las finanzas públicas en México, para luego discutir en la sección subsecuente sus perspectivas en un futuro próximo, de seguir el régimen tributario y los patrones de gasto público que prevalecen actualmente. El resto del capítulo se dedica entonces a detallar una serie de reformas fiscales que pueden ayudar a mejorar
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