The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building ... more The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building blocks of an organization. This research has been executed with an aim of exploring employee motivation in banking sector. This study focuses on the relationship between employee motivation job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. We conducted a survey based descriptive and causal study. This study uses regression analysis for hypothesis testing. A sample size of 200 bankers was taken and self administered questionnaires were distributed among them. Results of the study indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are the antecedents of the employee motivation and employee motivation is significantly related with job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. This study can play a undeniable and gripping role for the future researches conducted in this area.
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between execu... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between executive remuneration and corporate financial performance in insurance companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and also to find the impact of corporate financial performance on executive remuneration in sample companies. Design/Methodology: Multivariate correlation technique is applied to find the association between variables and Regression analysis is applied to find the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration on sample companies. For this study required data is obtained from 2008-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically proves that the executive remuneration has a significant relationship with corporate performance measures of the corporations as a whole and as far as the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration is concerned, it has significantly positive impact on executive remuneration in case of insura...
Credit Risk Management Practices Used by Banks in Agricultural Finance: A Case Study of Pakistan, 2015
Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a si... more Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of Pakistan's total population live in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture. Due to the green revolution, rapid changes have been occurring in production technologies, and methods have been changed. As more capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies, so the small farmers cannot afford these methods. They need finances for production and investment purpose. The small farmer has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing a shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to grant agriculture credit because of higher credit risk. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk faced by the banks of Pakistan and risk management techniques used by these banks. Research methodology: This research is basically quantitative in nature, and a Standard questionnaire is used for the collection of data on credit risk and its management techniques from the banks. A sample of 45 bank branches of 17 banks that grant agriculture credit has been taken and questionnaire were being filled by credit officers of the agricultural sections of these banks. The Frequency distribution technique was applied through SPSS 17 to analyze and finalize the results. Findings: The major findings of this research are: 82.2% of banks had faced the situation of credit risk in which farmers failed to pay back the credit to the bank. 53.3% respondents considered the production, price and policy risk together affect all the farmers in a particular geographical area. 35% considered ''willful rejection risk" as an important risk that arises due to an individual farmer. 60% respondents use the crop insurance for the management of production risk. 48.9% bank used no technique for the management of price risk. 75.6% respondents suggest that the improvement in laws and policies on land ownership will help in credit risk management. 60% respondent does not insure the life of a farmer. 77.8% use collateral management for the management of "willful rejection risk". According to 75.6% respondent's fire/theft insurance of agricultural asset will help to manage this risk. Originality /Value: The value of this research paper is that it gives us an idea about the credit risk faced and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan. It also gives us an idea about the credit risk management techniques which are being used in the world but not in the Pakistan. Research Implications: The research implications of this paper are to increase the understanding of factors which are the basis for credit risk in agricultural financing and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan. Paper Type: Research Paper
Performance-Pay Sensitivity for Executives of Insurance Firms in Pakistan, 2015
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between execu... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between executive remuneration and corporate financial performance in insurance companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and also to find the impact of corporate financial performance on executive remuneration in sample companies. Design/Methodology: Multivariate correlation technique is applied to find the association between variables and Regression analysis is applied to find the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration on sample companies. For this study required data is obtained from 2008-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically proves that the executive remuneration has a significant relationship with corporate performance measures of the corporations as a whole and as far as the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration is concerned, it has significantly positive impact on executive remuneration in case of insurance companies at KSE, Pakistan. Practical implications: This empirical study provides, for insurance sector specifically and generally for all organizations, a way to motivate and retain their executives through higher corporate performance. It also gives a deeper insight for other sector companies to enhance their corporate performance to retain best executives for their organization around the globe generally. Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measure the relationship between corporate financial performance and executive remuneration and its impact on executive remuneration in case of insurance companies listed on KSE.
Contemporary marketing paradigm relies on developing long term relationships with the customers a... more Contemporary marketing paradigm relies on developing long term relationships with the customers and providing them value and satisfaction to retain them. This study has been conducted with an aim of examining the relationship between customer relationship management and customer retention. This study uses survey method and regression analysis for the purpose of hypothesis testing.. The study has been conducted in the telecom industry of Pakistan. A sample size of almost 60 customers was taken. According to the results, maintaining sustainable relationships with the customer can promote to retain customers and can be propitious for the companies. CRM and customer retention are significantly related. This study can be used in the future researches conducted in this area.
This paper analyses the role of Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Performance... more This paper analyses the role of Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Performance and Employee Retention. Human Resource Management Practices play an important role in retaining an organization's employee and also in increasing organizational performance. In this study a conceptual mode is developed and this conceptual model is supported by several researchers. There is a lot of research on HR Practices now-a-days. Though there is little research in HR Practices regarding Pakistan but now it's emerging also in Pakistan.
The terrorism incidents had always been a problem in the developing countries and the last few de... more The terrorism incidents had always been a problem in the developing countries and the last few decades had increased them exponentially. This paper tries to give the empirical evidence of terrorist activities impact on the economic growth and the results show that the terrorism activities have a negative impact on the economic growth of the country. The seven year data from the World Bank was used for the analysis. ADF test was used to find the co integration between terrorist activities of these two countries. This paper also digs into the details of the relationship between the terrorism activities and the economic growth of India and Pakistan and made a comparison between these two. India's economic growth has no impact of terrorist activities while the economic growth of Pakistan does. Results also showed that the Indian terrorist activities have an impact on the Pakistani terrorist activities in the short run, but this impact is not stable in the long run.
Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays ... more Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of Pakistan's total population live in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture. Due to the green revolution, rapid changes have been occurring in production technologies, and methods have been changed. As more capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies, so the small farmers cannot afford these methods. They need finances for production and investment purpose. The small farmer has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing a shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to grant agriculture credit because of higher credit risk. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk faced by the banks of Pakistan and risk management techniques used by t...
The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building ... more The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building blocks of an organization. This research has been executed with an aim of exploring employee motivation in banking sector. This study focuses on the relationship between employee motivation job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. We conducted a survey based descriptive and causal study. This study uses regression analysis for hypothesis testing. A sample size of 200 bankers was taken and self administered questionnaires were distributed among them. Results of the study indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are the antecedents of the employee motivation and employee motivation is significantly related with job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. This study can play a undeniable and gripping role for the future researches conducted in this area.
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between intel... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, capital Structure and corporate financial performance in banks listed at KSE (Karachi stock exchange) and also to find the impact of capital structure and intellectual capital efficiency on financial performance of quoted banks in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to find the association between latent constructs and to find their impact of financial performance of the banks in Pakistan. For this study required data is obtained from 2006-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically shows that the capital structure through intellectual capital efficiency has a significant relationship with financial performance measures of the corporations as a whole in case of the listed banks at KSE, Pakistan. Practical implications: This empirical study gives a new insight in intellectual capital and capital structure for companies to enhance their financial performance. Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measures the relationship between capital structures, intellectual capital and corporate financial in the world of research generally and in case of banks listed on KSE Pakistan specifically. Keywords: Capital Structure, corporate financial performance, Pakistan. Paper Type: Research paper.
Abstract: The basic aim of this paper is to identify /investigate financial and non financial rew... more Abstract: The basic aim of this paper is to identify /investigate financial and non financial rewards that affect the motivation of employees in organizations. The paper also not only discuss that the employee motivation is imperative for the overall organizational performance, but also talks about how to retain a motivated workforce in the organization (what if this study should include a specific industry or region. E.g education field, or any other sector; generalizes study won’t have an impact). Motivation factors may be differing from industry to industry and class to class of employees such as high level and low level labor. Design/methodology/procedure: Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology has been adopted in this paper. The researchers have conducted a survey in Astro films (PVT) situated in Lahore City of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to guess the opinion of employees working in these organizations. A semi structured interview was conducted for getting an insight about their motivation. Findings: The researchers have found from the survey that there are different factors that affect the motivation of employees which can be classified into two categories; financial and non financial rewards. Although financial rewards are important for employee motivation in third world countries like Pakistan, where the inflation rate is so high that people are struggling hard to retain their social status but the importance of non financial rewards cannot even be discriminated. Contribution/ value addition: The paper provides a basis to understand the issues of employee motivation in organizations. It is a good contributor to the knowledge world of human resource management which explores the factors that affect motivation of employees and provide a solution to the problems faced by employees at their jobs. The paper will also compel the management of studied organizations to pay their attention to the problems of employee motivation for the overall benefits of organizations. Key words: Employee Motivation Financial Non Financial Rewards
Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capita... more Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, efficiency of value added (VA) by the major components of a firm’s resource base (physical capital, Human capital and structural capital), and three traditional dimensions of corporate performance: profitability, productivity, and market valuation of Islamic and conventional banks of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach- Correlation and multiple regression analysis are applied to measure the impact of ICE on Performance. Eviews 3.0 is used for applying granger causality test.VAIC is calculated for measuring intellectual capital efficiency. Data required for calculating VAIC is collected through the annual reports from the 2006-2010 and from Karachi stock exchange. Findings- In terms of the predicted hypotheses, the results from each component of VAIC, the correlation between the three resources bases and profitability, productivity and market valuation are mixed..From the values of beta, and R2, a significant association is determined between human capital efficiency and almost all variables of corporate performance, in case of Islamic banks, and a significant relationship is found between capital employed efficiency and all variables of performance in case of conventional banks. It means human capital efficiency is the main predictor of corporate performance of Islamic banks, while the capital employed efficiency is the main predictor of corporate performance conventional banks. Originality/value- This study is the first of its own type that measures the intellectual capital performance of PURE ISLAMIC banks and impact of ICE on corporate performance around the world and especially in Pakistan.
The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building ... more The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building blocks of an organization. This research has been executed with an aim of exploring employee motivation in banking sector. This study focuses on the relationship between employee motivation job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. We conducted a survey based descriptive and causal study. This study uses regression analysis for hypothesis testing. A sample size of 200 bankers was taken and self administered questionnaires were distributed among them. Results of the study indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are the antecedents of the employee motivation and employee motivation is significantly related with job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. This study can play a undeniable and gripping role for the future researches conducted in this area.
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between execu... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between executive remuneration and corporate financial performance in insurance companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and also to find the impact of corporate financial performance on executive remuneration in sample companies. Design/Methodology: Multivariate correlation technique is applied to find the association between variables and Regression analysis is applied to find the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration on sample companies. For this study required data is obtained from 2008-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically proves that the executive remuneration has a significant relationship with corporate performance measures of the corporations as a whole and as far as the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration is concerned, it has significantly positive impact on executive remuneration in case of insura...
Credit Risk Management Practices Used by Banks in Agricultural Finance: A Case Study of Pakistan, 2015
Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a si... more Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of Pakistan's total population live in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture. Due to the green revolution, rapid changes have been occurring in production technologies, and methods have been changed. As more capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies, so the small farmers cannot afford these methods. They need finances for production and investment purpose. The small farmer has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing a shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to grant agriculture credit because of higher credit risk. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk faced by the banks of Pakistan and risk management techniques used by these banks. Research methodology: This research is basically quantitative in nature, and a Standard questionnaire is used for the collection of data on credit risk and its management techniques from the banks. A sample of 45 bank branches of 17 banks that grant agriculture credit has been taken and questionnaire were being filled by credit officers of the agricultural sections of these banks. The Frequency distribution technique was applied through SPSS 17 to analyze and finalize the results. Findings: The major findings of this research are: 82.2% of banks had faced the situation of credit risk in which farmers failed to pay back the credit to the bank. 53.3% respondents considered the production, price and policy risk together affect all the farmers in a particular geographical area. 35% considered ''willful rejection risk" as an important risk that arises due to an individual farmer. 60% respondents use the crop insurance for the management of production risk. 48.9% bank used no technique for the management of price risk. 75.6% respondents suggest that the improvement in laws and policies on land ownership will help in credit risk management. 60% respondent does not insure the life of a farmer. 77.8% use collateral management for the management of "willful rejection risk". According to 75.6% respondent's fire/theft insurance of agricultural asset will help to manage this risk. Originality /Value: The value of this research paper is that it gives us an idea about the credit risk faced and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan. It also gives us an idea about the credit risk management techniques which are being used in the world but not in the Pakistan. Research Implications: The research implications of this paper are to increase the understanding of factors which are the basis for credit risk in agricultural financing and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan. Paper Type: Research Paper
Performance-Pay Sensitivity for Executives of Insurance Firms in Pakistan, 2015
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between execu... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between executive remuneration and corporate financial performance in insurance companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) and also to find the impact of corporate financial performance on executive remuneration in sample companies. Design/Methodology: Multivariate correlation technique is applied to find the association between variables and Regression analysis is applied to find the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration on sample companies. For this study required data is obtained from 2008-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically proves that the executive remuneration has a significant relationship with corporate performance measures of the corporations as a whole and as far as the impact of corporate performance on executive remuneration is concerned, it has significantly positive impact on executive remuneration in case of insurance companies at KSE, Pakistan. Practical implications: This empirical study provides, for insurance sector specifically and generally for all organizations, a way to motivate and retain their executives through higher corporate performance. It also gives a deeper insight for other sector companies to enhance their corporate performance to retain best executives for their organization around the globe generally. Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measure the relationship between corporate financial performance and executive remuneration and its impact on executive remuneration in case of insurance companies listed on KSE.
Contemporary marketing paradigm relies on developing long term relationships with the customers a... more Contemporary marketing paradigm relies on developing long term relationships with the customers and providing them value and satisfaction to retain them. This study has been conducted with an aim of examining the relationship between customer relationship management and customer retention. This study uses survey method and regression analysis for the purpose of hypothesis testing.. The study has been conducted in the telecom industry of Pakistan. A sample size of almost 60 customers was taken. According to the results, maintaining sustainable relationships with the customer can promote to retain customers and can be propitious for the companies. CRM and customer retention are significantly related. This study can be used in the future researches conducted in this area.
This paper analyses the role of Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Performance... more This paper analyses the role of Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Performance and Employee Retention. Human Resource Management Practices play an important role in retaining an organization's employee and also in increasing organizational performance. In this study a conceptual mode is developed and this conceptual model is supported by several researchers. There is a lot of research on HR Practices now-a-days. Though there is little research in HR Practices regarding Pakistan but now it's emerging also in Pakistan.
The terrorism incidents had always been a problem in the developing countries and the last few de... more The terrorism incidents had always been a problem in the developing countries and the last few decades had increased them exponentially. This paper tries to give the empirical evidence of terrorist activities impact on the economic growth and the results show that the terrorism activities have a negative impact on the economic growth of the country. The seven year data from the World Bank was used for the analysis. ADF test was used to find the co integration between terrorist activities of these two countries. This paper also digs into the details of the relationship between the terrorism activities and the economic growth of India and Pakistan and made a comparison between these two. India's economic growth has no impact of terrorist activities while the economic growth of Pakistan does. Results also showed that the Indian terrorist activities have an impact on the Pakistani terrorist activities in the short run, but this impact is not stable in the long run.
Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays ... more Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan. Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of Pakistan's total population live in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture. Due to the green revolution, rapid changes have been occurring in production technologies, and methods have been changed. As more capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies, so the small farmers cannot afford these methods. They need finances for production and investment purpose. The small farmer has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing a shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to grant agriculture credit because of higher credit risk. The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk faced by the banks of Pakistan and risk management techniques used by t...
The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building ... more The cornerstones of any organization are the employees working in it. Employees are the building blocks of an organization. This research has been executed with an aim of exploring employee motivation in banking sector. This study focuses on the relationship between employee motivation job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. We conducted a survey based descriptive and causal study. This study uses regression analysis for hypothesis testing. A sample size of 200 bankers was taken and self administered questionnaires were distributed among them. Results of the study indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are the antecedents of the employee motivation and employee motivation is significantly related with job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment. This study can play a undeniable and gripping role for the future researches conducted in this area.
Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between intel... more Purpose: The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, capital Structure and corporate financial performance in banks listed at KSE (Karachi stock exchange) and also to find the impact of capital structure and intellectual capital efficiency on financial performance of quoted banks in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to find the association between latent constructs and to find their impact of financial performance of the banks in Pakistan. For this study required data is obtained from 2006-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations. Findings: This study empirically shows that the capital structure through intellectual capital efficiency has a significant relationship with financial performance measures of the corporations as a whole in case of the listed banks at KSE, Pakistan. Practical implications: This empirical study gives a new insight in intellectual capital and capital structure for companies to enhance their financial performance. Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measures the relationship between capital structures, intellectual capital and corporate financial in the world of research generally and in case of banks listed on KSE Pakistan specifically. Keywords: Capital Structure, corporate financial performance, Pakistan. Paper Type: Research paper.
Abstract: The basic aim of this paper is to identify /investigate financial and non financial rew... more Abstract: The basic aim of this paper is to identify /investigate financial and non financial rewards that affect the motivation of employees in organizations. The paper also not only discuss that the employee motivation is imperative for the overall organizational performance, but also talks about how to retain a motivated workforce in the organization (what if this study should include a specific industry or region. E.g education field, or any other sector; generalizes study won’t have an impact). Motivation factors may be differing from industry to industry and class to class of employees such as high level and low level labor. Design/methodology/procedure: Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology has been adopted in this paper. The researchers have conducted a survey in Astro films (PVT) situated in Lahore City of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to guess the opinion of employees working in these organizations. A semi structured interview was conducted for getting an insight about their motivation. Findings: The researchers have found from the survey that there are different factors that affect the motivation of employees which can be classified into two categories; financial and non financial rewards. Although financial rewards are important for employee motivation in third world countries like Pakistan, where the inflation rate is so high that people are struggling hard to retain their social status but the importance of non financial rewards cannot even be discriminated. Contribution/ value addition: The paper provides a basis to understand the issues of employee motivation in organizations. It is a good contributor to the knowledge world of human resource management which explores the factors that affect motivation of employees and provide a solution to the problems faced by employees at their jobs. The paper will also compel the management of studied organizations to pay their attention to the problems of employee motivation for the overall benefits of organizations. Key words: Employee Motivation Financial Non Financial Rewards
Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capita... more Purpose- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital, efficiency of value added (VA) by the major components of a firm’s resource base (physical capital, Human capital and structural capital), and three traditional dimensions of corporate performance: profitability, productivity, and market valuation of Islamic and conventional banks of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach- Correlation and multiple regression analysis are applied to measure the impact of ICE on Performance. Eviews 3.0 is used for applying granger causality test.VAIC is calculated for measuring intellectual capital efficiency. Data required for calculating VAIC is collected through the annual reports from the 2006-2010 and from Karachi stock exchange. Findings- In terms of the predicted hypotheses, the results from each component of VAIC, the correlation between the three resources bases and profitability, productivity and market valuation are mixed..From the values of beta, and R2, a significant association is determined between human capital efficiency and almost all variables of corporate performance, in case of Islamic banks, and a significant relationship is found between capital employed efficiency and all variables of performance in case of conventional banks. It means human capital efficiency is the main predictor of corporate performance of Islamic banks, while the capital employed efficiency is the main predictor of corporate performance conventional banks. Originality/value- This study is the first of its own type that measures the intellectual capital performance of PURE ISLAMIC banks and impact of ICE on corporate performance around the world and especially in Pakistan.
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Papers by Sumaira Aslam
capital Structure and corporate financial performance in banks listed at KSE (Karachi stock exchange) and also
to find the impact of capital structure and intellectual capital efficiency on financial performance of quoted banks
in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to find the association between
latent constructs and to find their impact of financial performance of the banks in Pakistan. For this study
required data is obtained from 2006-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations.
Findings: This study empirically shows that the capital structure through intellectual capital efficiency has a
significant relationship with financial performance measures of the corporations as a whole in case of the listed
banks at KSE, Pakistan.
Practical implications: This empirical study gives a new insight in intellectual capital and capital structure for
companies to enhance their financial performance.
Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measures the relationship between capital
structures, intellectual capital and corporate financial in the world of research generally and in case of banks
listed on KSE Pakistan specifically.
Keywords: Capital Structure, corporate financial performance, Pakistan.
Paper Type: Research paper.
field, or any other sector; generalizes study won’t have an impact). Motivation factors may be differing from industry to industry and class to class of employees such as high level and low level labor.
Design/methodology/procedure: Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology has been adopted
in this paper. The researchers have conducted a survey in Astro films (PVT) situated in Lahore City of Pakistan.
A questionnaire was developed to guess the opinion of employees working in these organizations. A semi
structured interview was conducted for getting an insight about their motivation. Findings: The researchers
have found from the survey that there are different factors that affect the motivation of employees which can
be classified into two categories; financial and non financial rewards. Although financial rewards are important
for employee motivation in third world countries like Pakistan, where the inflation rate is so high that people
are struggling hard to retain their social status but the importance of non financial rewards cannot even be
discriminated. Contribution/ value addition: The paper provides a basis to understand the issues of employee
motivation in organizations. It is a good contributor to the knowledge world of human resource management
which explores the factors that affect motivation of employees and provide a solution to the problems faced by employees at their jobs. The paper will also compel the management of studied organizations to pay their
attention to the problems of employee motivation for the overall benefits of organizations.
Key words: Employee Motivation Financial Non Financial Rewards
International Affliations by Sumaira Aslam
capital Structure and corporate financial performance in banks listed at KSE (Karachi stock exchange) and also
to find the impact of capital structure and intellectual capital efficiency on financial performance of quoted banks
in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to find the association between
latent constructs and to find their impact of financial performance of the banks in Pakistan. For this study
required data is obtained from 2006-2010 audited annual reports of the corporations.
Findings: This study empirically shows that the capital structure through intellectual capital efficiency has a
significant relationship with financial performance measures of the corporations as a whole in case of the listed
banks at KSE, Pakistan.
Practical implications: This empirical study gives a new insight in intellectual capital and capital structure for
companies to enhance their financial performance.
Originality/value: This study is the first of its own nature that measures the relationship between capital
structures, intellectual capital and corporate financial in the world of research generally and in case of banks
listed on KSE Pakistan specifically.
Keywords: Capital Structure, corporate financial performance, Pakistan.
Paper Type: Research paper.
field, or any other sector; generalizes study won’t have an impact). Motivation factors may be differing from industry to industry and class to class of employees such as high level and low level labor.
Design/methodology/procedure: Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodology has been adopted
in this paper. The researchers have conducted a survey in Astro films (PVT) situated in Lahore City of Pakistan.
A questionnaire was developed to guess the opinion of employees working in these organizations. A semi
structured interview was conducted for getting an insight about their motivation. Findings: The researchers
have found from the survey that there are different factors that affect the motivation of employees which can
be classified into two categories; financial and non financial rewards. Although financial rewards are important
for employee motivation in third world countries like Pakistan, where the inflation rate is so high that people
are struggling hard to retain their social status but the importance of non financial rewards cannot even be
discriminated. Contribution/ value addition: The paper provides a basis to understand the issues of employee
motivation in organizations. It is a good contributor to the knowledge world of human resource management
which explores the factors that affect motivation of employees and provide a solution to the problems faced by employees at their jobs. The paper will also compel the management of studied organizations to pay their
attention to the problems of employee motivation for the overall benefits of organizations.
Key words: Employee Motivation Financial Non Financial Rewards