Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis and spreads wor... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis and spreads worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis by serological and molecular methods in working children and a control group in Tehran. Methods: The study participants comprised 460 children aged 7 - 14 years, including 278 working children and 182 age-matched controls. Blood samples were collected, and a serological test was performed to evaluate IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood specimens by gradient centrifugation method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primer B1 on PBMC samples in children’s blood to determine the status of Toxoplasma infection. Results: Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii was 24.8% and 0.7%, respectively, in working children; however, in the control group, 12.1% and 2.2% had IgG and IgM antibodies ag...
Background: Working children are susceptible to infection with various infectious microorganisms.... more Background: Working children are susceptible to infection with various infectious microorganisms. Unfortunately, the difficulties of working children are growing at a remarkable speed worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, as well as to evaluate the level of anemia, calcium, and phosphorus in working children. Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 370 Iranian and Afghan working children from February 2018 to May 2019. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and anti-HCV Ab were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, HCV-RNA and genomic HBV-DNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens of the participants were investigated. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to determine the genotype of HCV, and se...
Backgrounds PCR is a proper technique that significantly improves toxoplasmosis diagnosis. Howeve... more Backgrounds PCR is a proper technique that significantly improves toxoplasmosis diagnosis. However, a more sensitive technique is required. This study compared real-time PCR with nested PCR using B1, SAG-4, and MAG-1 bradyzoite genes to diagnose toxoplasmosis in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis patients. Methods Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with active toxoplasmic chorioretinal lesions and 10 healthy individuals. Blood samples including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), serum and whole blood samples were used for DNA extraction. Serum was also used to detect anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. Nested PCR and real-time PCR were performed using B1, SAG-4, and MAG-1 target genes. Results Five (50%) out of the 10 patients were tested positive for toxoplasmosis with nested PCR using the PBMC samples. All the five patients tested positive with nested PCR were also tested positive for toxoplasmosis with real-time PCR using the PBMC samples. The real-time PCR res...
In this study, the prevalence of efflux pump genes (AdeABC) and genetic association of MDR A. bau... more In this study, the prevalence of efflux pump genes (AdeABC) and genetic association of MDR A. baumanii isolated from intensive care units were investigated. Detection of A. baumanii was performed using species-specific PCR. Disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility tests of isolated strains and amplification of AdeABC genes (adeA, adeB, adeC, and adeM) were performed. Isolates were also subjected to the Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) to identify isolates clonality. The highest number of resistant A. baumanii isolates was observed in response to cephalexin, tetracycline, and cefixime (over 80 of isolates). A. baumanii isolates had the highest sensitivity in response to imipenem and amikacin (~ 50 of isolates). The distribution of adeA, adeB, adeM, and adeC in isolates were as follow; 186, 165, 172, and 117 isolates. A. baumanii was observed at an alarming level in this study (183, 93.84). Based on rep-PCR, remarkable interspecific diversity was observed among isolates...
Background: Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impa... more Background: Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impaired cellular immunity, like neoplasia, renal or heart transplant needs careful consideration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different group of patients including cancer patients; organ transplants recipients, and primary immunodeficiency patients. Methods: Stool samples from 190 patients including 80 patients with Primary Immunodeficiency, 85 cancer patients and 25 organ transplant recipients were collected; a direct examination with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and formalin ether concentration was performed. The DNA was extracted from parasitologically confirmed patients and nested PCR and sequencing was performed and new obtained sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were compared with deposited ones. Results: In general, the prevalence of parasites was 26/80 (32.5) in primary immunodeficiency, 22/85(2...
Background: A novel Coronavirus first emerging in Wuhan, China, was named severe acute respirator... more Background: A novel Coronavirus first emerging in Wuhan, China, was named severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). HIV-1 infected individuals may be at risk of COVID-19. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and COVID-19 prevalence among Iranian HIV-1-infected people. Methods: The study was conducted on 155 HIV-1-infected patients from June 2020 to October 2020. COVID-19 Ab (IgG) was detected using an enzyme immunoassay in serum specimens. Furthermore, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected. Then, the genomic RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical symptoms of the studied participants with and without COVID-19 were examined. Results: Of 155 HIV-1-infected individuals, 12 (7.7%) had positive real-time PCR results for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 12 (7.7%) patients with COVID‐19, f...
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, capable of infecti... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, capable of infecting all species of mammals including man. Congenital toxoplasmosis is more important during pregnancy for the first time. In this study we expressed and purified P43 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite and bradyzoite specific surface antigen. Methods: The recombinant pGEMEX-1 contained Toxoplasma P43 coding sequence was transformed into E. coli and mass cultured in LB medium contained 100 μg/ml ampicillin at 37°C over night.The T7 promoter was induced by 1mM isopropyl-1-thio-ß-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography and confirmed by gel diffusion dot blot and western blot,-using specific anti Toxoplasma antibodies. Results: Recombinant plasmid was induced by IPTG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Recombinant protein was confirmed by Western-blot and dot blot using anti human Toxoplasma antibody. Conclusion: Recombinant Toxoplasma P43 was produced successfully.
Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT)... more Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The parasite transmission may be occurred from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient by organ transplantation. Objectives: In this study, a nested PCR was carried out using different primers targeting the B1, SAG4, and MAG1 genes to assess Toxoplasma infection in pediatric heart transplantation at Shahid Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 46 pediatric heart transplant patients aged 1 - 17 years referring to Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center from 2018 - 2019. All patients were on oral administration of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation using the Ficoll gradient method was performed. DNA was extracted from PBMC, and nested PCR was carried out. Serologic tests were performed using ELISA to deter...
Zoonotic helminths are often transmitted to humans through domestic animals. This retrospective s... more Zoonotic helminths are often transmitted to humans through domestic animals. This retrospective study was performed to estimate the prevalence of some important zoonotic helminthic infections of the liver and lung including echinococcosis, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun and Shiraz abattoirs, Fars, Iran, during 2011-2013. A total of 12381 sheep, 6473 cattle, 22847 goats, 66 camels, and 10 buffalos were analyzed with regard to liver and lung helminthic infections including hydatidosis, fasciolosis, and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun, during March 2011-January 2013. Moreover, 121100 sheep, 23515 cattle, 81293 goats, and 69 camels were investigated for the mentioned infections in Shiraz abattoir during one year since March 2012. Kazerun abattoir: The prevalence rates of liver hydatid cysts were 0.86, 2.1, 0.76, and 15.1 in sheep, cattle, goats, and camels, respectively, whereas the prevalence rates of pulmonary hydatid cysts were 0.89, 2.36, 0.9, and 16.6 in the mentioned animals,...
Background: Trichomonas muris is one of the most common protozoa diagnosed in rodents. The tricho... more Background: Trichomonas muris is one of the most common protozoa diagnosed in rodents. The trichomonads are generally described as presenting only trophozoite form while pseudocyst is another morphological form of trichomonads identified among gastrointestinal and genitourinary trichomonads. We identified and described different shapes of T. muris pseudocysts and trophozoite in stool samples were collected from rodents including Merinos persicus, Mus musculus and Cricetulus migratorius. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stool samples from 204 trapped rodents were collected from Meshkin Shahr during Mar to Dec 2014. Samples were preserved in formalin 10% and PVA solution and transferred to Department of Medical Protozoology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Formalin-ether concentration method was used for the samples. The slides were stained with tri-chrome staining method and observed under light microscope. Results: The trophozoites...
Background: Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in children and access to treat... more Background: Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in children and access to treatment for this infection is critical in decreasing infant mortality. Objectives: The aim of the current survey was to determine the presence of HIV-1 genomic RNA in plasma and proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers. Methods: From March 2014 to February 2018, 73 neonates born to HIV-1-infected mothers covered by the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program were enrolled in this study to compare two different diagnostic methods. After the extraction of viral RNA of plasma and genomic DNA of PBMC specimens, HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA was tested by amplification of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1 using real-time PCR. Results: Out of 73 evaluated infants, 41 infants (56.2%) were male. The average age of the mothers with HIV-1 infection was 30.7 ± 5.2 (range: 19–47) years. The results revealed ...
Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infe... more Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect Trichomonas vaginalis. Some T. vaginalis isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018. T. vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as T. vaginalis among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of T. vaginalis, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with T. vaginalis virus (T...
Calcofluor white 2MR, modified trichrome blue, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) stai... more Calcofluor white 2MR, modified trichrome blue, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) staining methods were evaluated and compared for detecting microsporidia in stool. Serial 10-fold dilutions of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis were prepared in three formalinized stool specimens or in Tris-buffered saline. Ten-microliter aliquots were smeared onto glass slides, fixed with methanol, stained, and read by at least three individuals. The results indicated that the calcofluor stain was the most sensitive method, required approximately 15 min to perform, but did generate some false-positive results due to similarly staining small yeast cells. The modified trichrome blue stain was nearly as sensitive as the calcofluor stain and allowed for easier distinction between microsporidia and yeast cells. This stain, however, required approximately 60 min to perform. The IFA stain with polyclonal murine antiserum against E. intestinalis was the least sensitive of the methods and requ...
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomonia... more Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomoniasis. In this study prevalence and genotype of Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis infected (dsRNA) viruses were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and obtained patterns were then confirmed by sequence analysis and genotype of these Iranian isolates confirmed again. Methods: Ten strains of T.vaginalis were collected from 1700 vaginal samples of women referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during Feb 2016 to Jul 2017, evaluated in points of infection to T. vaginalis Virus (TVV-1) were used in a PCR-RFLP. All of ten isolates of T. vaginalis were examined by designed nested PCR for actin gene and then digestion patterns of three endonuclease enzymes of HindII, MseI and RsaI were evaluated and genotype of these isolates was defined. Results: By combination of fragments pattern of three enzymes of HindII, RsaI and MseI, three genotypes were found; six genotyp...
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis and spreads wor... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis and spreads worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis by serological and molecular methods in working children and a control group in Tehran. Methods: The study participants comprised 460 children aged 7 - 14 years, including 278 working children and 182 age-matched controls. Blood samples were collected, and a serological test was performed to evaluate IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood specimens by gradient centrifugation method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primer B1 on PBMC samples in children’s blood to determine the status of Toxoplasma infection. Results: Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii was 24.8% and 0.7%, respectively, in working children; however, in the control group, 12.1% and 2.2% had IgG and IgM antibodies ag...
Background: Working children are susceptible to infection with various infectious microorganisms.... more Background: Working children are susceptible to infection with various infectious microorganisms. Unfortunately, the difficulties of working children are growing at a remarkable speed worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, as well as to evaluate the level of anemia, calcium, and phosphorus in working children. Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 370 Iranian and Afghan working children from February 2018 to May 2019. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and anti-HCV Ab were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, HCV-RNA and genomic HBV-DNA in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens of the participants were investigated. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to determine the genotype of HCV, and se...
Backgrounds PCR is a proper technique that significantly improves toxoplasmosis diagnosis. Howeve... more Backgrounds PCR is a proper technique that significantly improves toxoplasmosis diagnosis. However, a more sensitive technique is required. This study compared real-time PCR with nested PCR using B1, SAG-4, and MAG-1 bradyzoite genes to diagnose toxoplasmosis in toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis patients. Methods Blood samples were collected from 10 patients with active toxoplasmic chorioretinal lesions and 10 healthy individuals. Blood samples including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), serum and whole blood samples were used for DNA extraction. Serum was also used to detect anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. Nested PCR and real-time PCR were performed using B1, SAG-4, and MAG-1 target genes. Results Five (50%) out of the 10 patients were tested positive for toxoplasmosis with nested PCR using the PBMC samples. All the five patients tested positive with nested PCR were also tested positive for toxoplasmosis with real-time PCR using the PBMC samples. The real-time PCR res...
In this study, the prevalence of efflux pump genes (AdeABC) and genetic association of MDR A. bau... more In this study, the prevalence of efflux pump genes (AdeABC) and genetic association of MDR A. baumanii isolated from intensive care units were investigated. Detection of A. baumanii was performed using species-specific PCR. Disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility tests of isolated strains and amplification of AdeABC genes (adeA, adeB, adeC, and adeM) were performed. Isolates were also subjected to the Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) to identify isolates clonality. The highest number of resistant A. baumanii isolates was observed in response to cephalexin, tetracycline, and cefixime (over 80 of isolates). A. baumanii isolates had the highest sensitivity in response to imipenem and amikacin (~ 50 of isolates). The distribution of adeA, adeB, adeM, and adeC in isolates were as follow; 186, 165, 172, and 117 isolates. A. baumanii was observed at an alarming level in this study (183, 93.84). Based on rep-PCR, remarkable interspecific diversity was observed among isolates...
Background: Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impa... more Background: Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impaired cellular immunity, like neoplasia, renal or heart transplant needs careful consideration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different group of patients including cancer patients; organ transplants recipients, and primary immunodeficiency patients. Methods: Stool samples from 190 patients including 80 patients with Primary Immunodeficiency, 85 cancer patients and 25 organ transplant recipients were collected; a direct examination with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and formalin ether concentration was performed. The DNA was extracted from parasitologically confirmed patients and nested PCR and sequencing was performed and new obtained sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were compared with deposited ones. Results: In general, the prevalence of parasites was 26/80 (32.5) in primary immunodeficiency, 22/85(2...
Background: A novel Coronavirus first emerging in Wuhan, China, was named severe acute respirator... more Background: A novel Coronavirus first emerging in Wuhan, China, was named severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). HIV-1 infected individuals may be at risk of COVID-19. Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and COVID-19 prevalence among Iranian HIV-1-infected people. Methods: The study was conducted on 155 HIV-1-infected patients from June 2020 to October 2020. COVID-19 Ab (IgG) was detected using an enzyme immunoassay in serum specimens. Furthermore, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were collected. Then, the genomic RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical symptoms of the studied participants with and without COVID-19 were examined. Results: Of 155 HIV-1-infected individuals, 12 (7.7%) had positive real-time PCR results for SARS-CoV-2. Out of 12 (7.7%) patients with COVID‐19, f...
Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, capable of infecti... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, capable of infecting all species of mammals including man. Congenital toxoplasmosis is more important during pregnancy for the first time. In this study we expressed and purified P43 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite and bradyzoite specific surface antigen. Methods: The recombinant pGEMEX-1 contained Toxoplasma P43 coding sequence was transformed into E. coli and mass cultured in LB medium contained 100 μg/ml ampicillin at 37°C over night.The T7 promoter was induced by 1mM isopropyl-1-thio-ß-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG. Recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography and confirmed by gel diffusion dot blot and western blot,-using specific anti Toxoplasma antibodies. Results: Recombinant plasmid was induced by IPTG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Recombinant protein was confirmed by Western-blot and dot blot using anti human Toxoplasma antibody. Conclusion: Recombinant Toxoplasma P43 was produced successfully.
Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT)... more Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The parasite transmission may be occurred from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient by organ transplantation. Objectives: In this study, a nested PCR was carried out using different primers targeting the B1, SAG4, and MAG1 genes to assess Toxoplasma infection in pediatric heart transplantation at Shahid Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 46 pediatric heart transplant patients aged 1 - 17 years referring to Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center from 2018 - 2019. All patients were on oral administration of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation using the Ficoll gradient method was performed. DNA was extracted from PBMC, and nested PCR was carried out. Serologic tests were performed using ELISA to deter...
Zoonotic helminths are often transmitted to humans through domestic animals. This retrospective s... more Zoonotic helminths are often transmitted to humans through domestic animals. This retrospective study was performed to estimate the prevalence of some important zoonotic helminthic infections of the liver and lung including echinococcosis, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun and Shiraz abattoirs, Fars, Iran, during 2011-2013. A total of 12381 sheep, 6473 cattle, 22847 goats, 66 camels, and 10 buffalos were analyzed with regard to liver and lung helminthic infections including hydatidosis, fasciolosis, and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun, during March 2011-January 2013. Moreover, 121100 sheep, 23515 cattle, 81293 goats, and 69 camels were investigated for the mentioned infections in Shiraz abattoir during one year since March 2012. Kazerun abattoir: The prevalence rates of liver hydatid cysts were 0.86, 2.1, 0.76, and 15.1 in sheep, cattle, goats, and camels, respectively, whereas the prevalence rates of pulmonary hydatid cysts were 0.89, 2.36, 0.9, and 16.6 in the mentioned animals,...
Background: Trichomonas muris is one of the most common protozoa diagnosed in rodents. The tricho... more Background: Trichomonas muris is one of the most common protozoa diagnosed in rodents. The trichomonads are generally described as presenting only trophozoite form while pseudocyst is another morphological form of trichomonads identified among gastrointestinal and genitourinary trichomonads. We identified and described different shapes of T. muris pseudocysts and trophozoite in stool samples were collected from rodents including Merinos persicus, Mus musculus and Cricetulus migratorius. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stool samples from 204 trapped rodents were collected from Meshkin Shahr during Mar to Dec 2014. Samples were preserved in formalin 10% and PVA solution and transferred to Department of Medical Protozoology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Formalin-ether concentration method was used for the samples. The slides were stained with tri-chrome staining method and observed under light microscope. Results: The trophozoites...
Background: Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in children and access to treat... more Background: Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in children and access to treatment for this infection is critical in decreasing infant mortality. Objectives: The aim of the current survey was to determine the presence of HIV-1 genomic RNA in plasma and proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers. Methods: From March 2014 to February 2018, 73 neonates born to HIV-1-infected mothers covered by the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program were enrolled in this study to compare two different diagnostic methods. After the extraction of viral RNA of plasma and genomic DNA of PBMC specimens, HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA was tested by amplification of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1 using real-time PCR. Results: Out of 73 evaluated infants, 41 infants (56.2%) were male. The average age of the mothers with HIV-1 infection was 30.7 ± 5.2 (range: 19–47) years. The results revealed ...
Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infe... more Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect Trichomonas vaginalis. Some T. vaginalis isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018. T. vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as T. vaginalis among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of T. vaginalis, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with T. vaginalis virus (T...
Calcofluor white 2MR, modified trichrome blue, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) stai... more Calcofluor white 2MR, modified trichrome blue, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) staining methods were evaluated and compared for detecting microsporidia in stool. Serial 10-fold dilutions of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis were prepared in three formalinized stool specimens or in Tris-buffered saline. Ten-microliter aliquots were smeared onto glass slides, fixed with methanol, stained, and read by at least three individuals. The results indicated that the calcofluor stain was the most sensitive method, required approximately 15 min to perform, but did generate some false-positive results due to similarly staining small yeast cells. The modified trichrome blue stain was nearly as sensitive as the calcofluor stain and allowed for easier distinction between microsporidia and yeast cells. This stain, however, required approximately 60 min to perform. The IFA stain with polyclonal murine antiserum against E. intestinalis was the least sensitive of the methods and requ...
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomonia... more Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection cause trichomoniasis. In this study prevalence and genotype of Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis infected (dsRNA) viruses were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and obtained patterns were then confirmed by sequence analysis and genotype of these Iranian isolates confirmed again. Methods: Ten strains of T.vaginalis were collected from 1700 vaginal samples of women referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during Feb 2016 to Jul 2017, evaluated in points of infection to T. vaginalis Virus (TVV-1) were used in a PCR-RFLP. All of ten isolates of T. vaginalis were examined by designed nested PCR for actin gene and then digestion patterns of three endonuclease enzymes of HindII, MseI and RsaI were evaluated and genotype of these isolates was defined. Results: By combination of fragments pattern of three enzymes of HindII, RsaI and MseI, three genotypes were found; six genotyp...
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Papers by Khadijeh Khanaliha