Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras... more Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras from the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere reserve (Ukraine) were carried out after deworming the hosts with aversectin drug. Faecal sampling (200 g each) was performed at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after treatment; all nematodes expelled were collected and identified. Thirty strongylid species from 12 genera were found; 7 species from the Strongylinae and 23 species from Cyathostominae. In ponies 27 species were found (range 8–23; mean 14 ± 3.8). In donkeys 23 species were found (range 11–15; mean 12 ± 1.3). Cyathostomum tetracanthum a species specific for donkeys was found for the first time in Ukraine. In zebras 17 species were found (range 2–13; mean 7 ± 3.6). The results obtained confirmed the specificity of the intestinal strongylid fauna of different equid species grazing on the same pastures in the “Askania-Nova” reserve.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation: official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
During an ongoing physiological ecology study on pups and adult female northern elephant seals (M... more During an ongoing physiological ecology study on pups and adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) on the mainland rookery at Año Nuevo State Reserve (California), an opportunity was afforded to collect fresh dead pups for parasitology and necropsy. The investigation was undertaken to delineate the causes of death of northern elephant seals recovered from Año Nuevo State Reserve. Prior to this study, there was no evidence of increased mortality or health problems on this rookery. Necropsies, histology, and ancillary diagnostic studies were conducted on 21 fresh dead preweaned pups. Ages ranged from 1 stillbirth to pups approximately 2 weeks of age. Gross lesions included varying degrees of bruising, hemorrhage, lacerations, and fractures attributed to blunt force trauma to the head, chest, and/or abdomen in 16 pups; starvation in 6 pups; bite wounds in 2 pups; generalized icterus in 2 pups; presumptive drowning in 2 pups; and 1 stillbirth. Most pups...
PURPOSE Echinorhynchus gadi is one of the most widely distributed and commonly described acanthoc... more PURPOSE Echinorhynchus gadi is one of the most widely distributed and commonly described acanthocephalans in marine fishes throughout the world. We provide a detailed morphometric and molecular description of a distinct Alaska population collected from the Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt (Pleuronectidae) compared to those from other hosts and regions, illustrating new features never previously reported. METHODS We described new specimens by microscopical studies, augmented by SEM, Energy Dispersive x-ray and molecular analyses, and histopathology. RESULTS Specimens from Alaska were distinguished from those collected from the other geographical areas in proboscis size and its armature, especially number of hook rows and hooks per row, and length of hooks. The size of the receptacle, lemnisci, and reproductive structures in some other collections also varied from the Alaska material. X-ray scans of the gallium cut hooks depict prominent layering with high Sulfur conten...
This study investigated the genetic variability within Cylicocyclus nassatus (Nematoda, Strongyli... more This study investigated the genetic variability within Cylicocyclus nassatus (Nematoda, Strongylida, Cyathostominae) collected from different domestic and wild hosts (i.e. horse, donkey, Przewalskii horse, tarpan and Turkmen kulan) and localities in Europe and/or USA. The ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were PCR-amplified and sequences characterized from seventy individual parasitic specimens. While ITS2 displayed 0–0.6% variation rate among all individual adult specimens of C. nassatus examined, 22 different sequence variants (haplotypes) of cox1 were detected. Nucleotide variation was detected at 75 of the total 689 positions (overall 10.8% rate of intraspecific nucletidic difference) in the cox1, with the absence of invariable positions among specimens collected from each equid species or country. Conversely, two haplotypes were detected in horses from USA and in donkeys of Italy and Ukraine, respecti...
Grazing horses are infected by a wide range of strongylid species mostly located in the large int... more Grazing horses are infected by a wide range of strongylid species mostly located in the large intestine. Despite their impact on equine health and the emergence of drug resistant isolates, the phenology of these nematodes has been poorly characterized and the rules structuring their assembly as a community are not understood. Here, we compiled data on 46 equine strongylid species collected worldwide at the regional or horse scales (upon deworming or after necropsy) to analyse their richness, diversity and associated factors of variation. Worldwide, twelve species from the Cylicocyclus (n = 4), Cylicostephanus (n = 3), Coronocyclus (n = 2) and Cyathostomum (n = 2) genera were found in at least 75% of sites. Geoclimatic conditions had a limited effect on strongylid communities, but reduced species richness was found under the temperate European area. The recovery method did not affect species richness and differences on the temporal and sampling effort scales between studies applying ...
In February 2015, we conducted a field study of causes of mortality of northern elephant seal ( M... more In February 2015, we conducted a field study of causes of mortality of northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris) pups on San Miguel Island, California. Autopsies were performed on 18 freshly dead pups. Ages of pups ranged from stillborn to 6–8 wk. Gross and histologic lesions included trauma (9 of 18 pups), multifocal necrotizing myopathy (8 of 18), starvation with emaciation (7 of 18), congenital anomalies (3 of 18), bacterial infections (3 of 18), and perinatal mortality (stillbirths and neonates; 2 of 18). Trauma and emaciation or starvation were the most significant contributors to death. Bacterial infections included hemolytic Escherichia coli isolated from the lungs of 2 pups with pneumonia. Additionally, non-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. and hemolytic E. coli were isolated from the liver of an emaciated pup that had mild multifocal suppurative hepatitis. Other lesions, including a previously described necrotizing myopathy, congenital anomalies, and bacterial infections,...
A field study addressing causes of mortality in freshly dead northern elephant seals ( Mirounga a... more A field study addressing causes of mortality in freshly dead northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) was conducted on San Miguel Island, California, in February 2015. Necropsies were performed on 18 pups ranging in age from stillbirths to approximately 7 to 8 weeks. The primary gross diagnoses in these pups included trauma, myopathy, starvation/emaciation, infections, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. However, 6 (33%) had a previously unrecognized myopathy characterized by multiple white streaks that were most obvious within the inner layer of the abdominal wall and the small innermost ventral intercostal muscles. Following histological examination, 2 more pups from San Miguel Island and 6 pups from The Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, California) were found to have similar lesions. Histologically, the lesions within the skeletal muscles were characterized by a multifocal polyphasic, mild to severe, acute to subacute necrotizing myopathy with mine...
Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras... more Comparative studies of the intestinal strongylid communities of 14 ponies, 6 donkeys and 9 zebras from the “Askania-Nova” Biosphere reserve (Ukraine) were carried out after deworming the hosts with aversectin drug. Faecal sampling (200 g each) was performed at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after treatment; all nematodes expelled were collected and identified. Thirty strongylid species from 12 genera were found; 7 species from the Strongylinae and 23 species from Cyathostominae. In ponies 27 species were found (range 8–23; mean 14 ± 3.8). In donkeys 23 species were found (range 11–15; mean 12 ± 1.3). Cyathostomum tetracanthum a species specific for donkeys was found for the first time in Ukraine. In zebras 17 species were found (range 2–13; mean 7 ± 3.6). The results obtained confirmed the specificity of the intestinal strongylid fauna of different equid species grazing on the same pastures in the “Askania-Nova” reserve.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation: official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
During an ongoing physiological ecology study on pups and adult female northern elephant seals (M... more During an ongoing physiological ecology study on pups and adult female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) on the mainland rookery at Año Nuevo State Reserve (California), an opportunity was afforded to collect fresh dead pups for parasitology and necropsy. The investigation was undertaken to delineate the causes of death of northern elephant seals recovered from Año Nuevo State Reserve. Prior to this study, there was no evidence of increased mortality or health problems on this rookery. Necropsies, histology, and ancillary diagnostic studies were conducted on 21 fresh dead preweaned pups. Ages ranged from 1 stillbirth to pups approximately 2 weeks of age. Gross lesions included varying degrees of bruising, hemorrhage, lacerations, and fractures attributed to blunt force trauma to the head, chest, and/or abdomen in 16 pups; starvation in 6 pups; bite wounds in 2 pups; generalized icterus in 2 pups; presumptive drowning in 2 pups; and 1 stillbirth. Most pups...
PURPOSE Echinorhynchus gadi is one of the most widely distributed and commonly described acanthoc... more PURPOSE Echinorhynchus gadi is one of the most widely distributed and commonly described acanthocephalans in marine fishes throughout the world. We provide a detailed morphometric and molecular description of a distinct Alaska population collected from the Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt (Pleuronectidae) compared to those from other hosts and regions, illustrating new features never previously reported. METHODS We described new specimens by microscopical studies, augmented by SEM, Energy Dispersive x-ray and molecular analyses, and histopathology. RESULTS Specimens from Alaska were distinguished from those collected from the other geographical areas in proboscis size and its armature, especially number of hook rows and hooks per row, and length of hooks. The size of the receptacle, lemnisci, and reproductive structures in some other collections also varied from the Alaska material. X-ray scans of the gallium cut hooks depict prominent layering with high Sulfur conten...
This study investigated the genetic variability within Cylicocyclus nassatus (Nematoda, Strongyli... more This study investigated the genetic variability within Cylicocyclus nassatus (Nematoda, Strongylida, Cyathostominae) collected from different domestic and wild hosts (i.e. horse, donkey, Przewalskii horse, tarpan and Turkmen kulan) and localities in Europe and/or USA. The ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were PCR-amplified and sequences characterized from seventy individual parasitic specimens. While ITS2 displayed 0–0.6% variation rate among all individual adult specimens of C. nassatus examined, 22 different sequence variants (haplotypes) of cox1 were detected. Nucleotide variation was detected at 75 of the total 689 positions (overall 10.8% rate of intraspecific nucletidic difference) in the cox1, with the absence of invariable positions among specimens collected from each equid species or country. Conversely, two haplotypes were detected in horses from USA and in donkeys of Italy and Ukraine, respecti...
Grazing horses are infected by a wide range of strongylid species mostly located in the large int... more Grazing horses are infected by a wide range of strongylid species mostly located in the large intestine. Despite their impact on equine health and the emergence of drug resistant isolates, the phenology of these nematodes has been poorly characterized and the rules structuring their assembly as a community are not understood. Here, we compiled data on 46 equine strongylid species collected worldwide at the regional or horse scales (upon deworming or after necropsy) to analyse their richness, diversity and associated factors of variation. Worldwide, twelve species from the Cylicocyclus (n = 4), Cylicostephanus (n = 3), Coronocyclus (n = 2) and Cyathostomum (n = 2) genera were found in at least 75% of sites. Geoclimatic conditions had a limited effect on strongylid communities, but reduced species richness was found under the temperate European area. The recovery method did not affect species richness and differences on the temporal and sampling effort scales between studies applying ...
In February 2015, we conducted a field study of causes of mortality of northern elephant seal ( M... more In February 2015, we conducted a field study of causes of mortality of northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris) pups on San Miguel Island, California. Autopsies were performed on 18 freshly dead pups. Ages of pups ranged from stillborn to 6–8 wk. Gross and histologic lesions included trauma (9 of 18 pups), multifocal necrotizing myopathy (8 of 18), starvation with emaciation (7 of 18), congenital anomalies (3 of 18), bacterial infections (3 of 18), and perinatal mortality (stillbirths and neonates; 2 of 18). Trauma and emaciation or starvation were the most significant contributors to death. Bacterial infections included hemolytic Escherichia coli isolated from the lungs of 2 pups with pneumonia. Additionally, non-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. and hemolytic E. coli were isolated from the liver of an emaciated pup that had mild multifocal suppurative hepatitis. Other lesions, including a previously described necrotizing myopathy, congenital anomalies, and bacterial infections,...
A field study addressing causes of mortality in freshly dead northern elephant seals ( Mirounga a... more A field study addressing causes of mortality in freshly dead northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) was conducted on San Miguel Island, California, in February 2015. Necropsies were performed on 18 pups ranging in age from stillbirths to approximately 7 to 8 weeks. The primary gross diagnoses in these pups included trauma, myopathy, starvation/emaciation, infections, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. However, 6 (33%) had a previously unrecognized myopathy characterized by multiple white streaks that were most obvious within the inner layer of the abdominal wall and the small innermost ventral intercostal muscles. Following histological examination, 2 more pups from San Miguel Island and 6 pups from The Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, California) were found to have similar lesions. Histologically, the lesions within the skeletal muscles were characterized by a multifocal polyphasic, mild to severe, acute to subacute necrotizing myopathy with mine...
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