need
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neēd も参照。
英語
[編集]発音
[編集]語源1
[編集]名詞
[編集]- (可算または不可算)必要、必要性、需要、ニーズ。
- 1913年, Oscar Wilde, "A Woman of No Importance"[1]
- You come too late. My son has no need of you. You are not necessary.
- あなたは現れるのが遅いです。私の息子はあなたを必要としてません。あなたは不要です。
- You come too late. My son has no need of you. You are not necessary.
- 1916年, Harry Lyman Koopman, "The Booklover and His Books"[2]
- There is an urgent need for modification of certain letters of the alphabet.
- アルファベットにおける特定のいくつかの文字の修正が緊急に求められている。
- There is an urgent need for modification of certain letters of the alphabet.
- 1922年, Fred H. Colvin and K. A. Juthe, "The Working of Steel"[3]
- However there is need of standardized methods which depend less upon the individual skill of the operator, and which will yield results comparable to others made by different men at different places and on different steels.
- しかしながら、作業者個人の技量にあまり依存することなく、違う人が違う場所で違う鋼に対して行った結果と同等の結果を出せる、標準化された方法が必要である。
- However there is need of standardized methods which depend less upon the individual skill of the operator, and which will yield results comparable to others made by different men at different places and on different steels.
- 1913年, Oscar Wilde, "A Woman of No Importance"[1]
- (通例複数形)必要なもの。
- 1908年, Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge"[4]
- He had described his household to me before I went there. He lived with a faithful servant, a countryman of his own, who looked after all his needs.
- 私がそこに訪れる以前に、自分の世帯について彼から説明してくれた。彼は誠実な使用人であり自分と同郷の出身者である男と住んでいて、その男が彼の必要なものを全て世話していた。
- He had described his household to me before I went there. He lived with a faithful servant, a countryman of his own, who looked after all his needs.
- 1912年, Earl Barnes, "Woman in Modern Society"[5]
- They are willing to work, but they must have a chance to think and to plan their lives according to their individual needs.
- 彼女たちは働くことに前向きだ。しかし、自分たちのそれぞれの必要なものにしたがって、自分たちの生活について考えて計画しなければならない。
- They are willing to work, but they must have a chance to think and to plan their lives according to their individual needs.
- 1975年, Scott Nearing, "Civilization and Beyond"[6]
- The markets of civilization cover the entire range of human needs and human wants from necessaries to luxuries.
- 市場の文明化は、必需品から贅沢品まで、人間が必要な物と欲しい物の全範囲に及んでいる。
- The markets of civilization cover the entire range of human needs and human wants from necessaries to luxuries.
- 1908年, Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge"[4]
- (可算または不可算)強く欲する気持ち、欲求。
- 1911年, Theodore Dreiser, "Jennie Gerhardt"[7]
- He thought two weeks would be the outside limit of her need to stay in bed. As a matter of fact, in ten days she was up and about, as vigorous and healthy as ever.
- 2週間が彼女のベットに居たいと思う気持ちの最大限の期間だろうと彼は思った。実際のところ、10日後には彼女はベットから起き上がって動き回れると感じ、今までどおり元気で健康そうだった。
- He thought two weeks would be the outside limit of her need to stay in bed. As a matter of fact, in ten days she was up and about, as vigorous and healthy as ever.
- 1917年, Bertrand Russell, "Why Men Fight"[8]
- A man’s needs and desires are not confined to his own life.
- 一人の男が持っている欲求や願望は、彼自身の生活の中だけに限定されないものだ。
- A man’s needs and desires are not confined to his own life.
- 1946年, Clifford Rose Adams, "How to Pick a Mate"[9]
- This is why married people don’t feel the need to run around to shows and parties the way single people do. They have their own companionship within the family.
- これが、結婚した人たちが、独身者たちのようにショーやパーティーへと走り回る欲求を感じない理由です。彼らは家族の中で自分たち自身の親密な交わりを持っているのです。
- This is why married people don’t feel the need to run around to shows and parties the way single people do. They have their own companionship within the family.
- 1911年, Theodore Dreiser, "Jennie Gerhardt"[7]
- 困っていること。
- 貧困。
- 窮地。
派生語
[編集]語源2
[編集]動詞
[編集]need (三単現: needs, 現在分詞: needing, 過去形: needed, 過去分詞: needed )
- (他動詞) …を必要とする、…を要する。
- 1911年, Frances Hodgson Burnett, "The Secret Garden"[10]
- Don't look after her too much. She needs liberty and fresh air and romping about.
- 彼女のことは世話し過ぎるな。自由と新鮮な空気とそこら中を走り回ることが彼女には必要だ。
- Don't look after her too much. She needs liberty and fresh air and romping about.
- 2015年, Intellectual Property Office, "Copyright Notice: digital images, photographs and the internet"[11]
- You do not need permission to photograph buildings, sculptures and similar works on public display in public spaces.
- 公共の空間で一般公開されている建物、彫刻、その他同じような作品類の写真を撮るのに、あなたは許可を要しません。
- You do not need permission to photograph buildings, sculptures and similar works on public display in public spaces.
- 1911年, Frances Hodgson Burnett, "The Secret Garden"[10]
- (他動詞) (to不定詞を目的語にして)〔主語が〕…する必要がある。…しなければならない。
- 1916年, Ella Flagg Young & Walter Taylor Field. "The Young and Field Literary Readers"[12]
- All you need to do is to go out to the spring to get some water. An old woman will ask for a drink and you will give it to her.
- あなたがやらなければならないことは、外へ出て泉まで行き、水をいくらか汲んで来ることだけです。そして、ある老婆が飲み物をお願いするので、あなたはそれを彼女へあげます。
- All you need to do is to go out to the spring to get some water. An old woman will ask for a drink and you will give it to her.
- 1963年, James R. Hall, "Am I Still There?"[13]
- First I need to know you a little better. Your medical history lists your occupation as 'cabinet maker'.
- 最初に、あなたについてもう少し知る必要があります。あなたの医療履歴によるとあなたの職業は「家具職人」だということですが。
- First I need to know you a little better. Your medical history lists your occupation as 'cabinet maker'.
- 1916年, Ella Flagg Young & Walter Taylor Field. "The Young and Field Literary Readers"[12]
- (他動詞) (動名詞を目的語にして)〔他の誰か・何かによって〕…される必要がある。…されなければならない。…を必要とする。
- 1912年, Lester Chadwick, "For the Honor of Randall"[14]
- “Boy, you’re sick!” he declared. “I’m going to call the doctor. You need looking after!”
- 「おい、君は病気だ!」と彼は断言しました。「医者を呼びに行ってくる。君は看病される必要がある。」
- “Boy, you’re sick!” he declared. “I’m going to call the doctor. You need looking after!”
- 1915年, Victor Appleton, "The Moving Picture Boys at Panaman"[15]
- Our cameras will need overhauling after the hard service they got in the flood, and we'll have to stay in New York about a week to get things in shape.
- 洪水に浸かって酷使された後だから我々のカメラはオーバーホールが必要だ。状況を整えるために、ニューヨークには皆で1週間ぐらい滞在する必要があるだろう。
- Our cameras will need overhauling after the hard service they got in the flood, and we'll have to stay in New York about a week to get things in shape.
- 1912年, Lester Chadwick, "For the Honor of Randall"[14]
- 困窮している。
類義語
[編集]- desire, wish for, would like, want, will, be without, lack, be in need of, require
派生語
[編集]助動詞
[編集]need
- (疑問文または否定文のみで用いて)~する必要がある。
- 1900年, L. Frank Baum, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"[16]
- The Lion went back to the opening where the beasts of the forest were waiting for him and said proudly: “You need fear your enemy no longer.”
- ライオンは森の獣たちが待っている空き地へ戻ると、誇らしげに「もはやおまえたちは敵を恐れる必要はない」と言いました。
- The Lion went back to the opening where the beasts of the forest were waiting for him and said proudly: “You need fear your enemy no longer.”
- 1920年, Abbie Phillips Walker "Sandman’s Rainy Day Stories"[17]
- You need not pity this old man, for he would rather eat his food cooked in this way than in any other.
- あなたがこの老人を憐れむには及びません。なぜなら、彼はこの方法で調理した料理を食べるのを、他の方法よりもむしろ好んでいたからです。
- You need not pity this old man, for he would rather eat his food cooked in this way than in any other.
- 1953年, Hal Annas, "Man-Trap"[18]
- "No! Need I spell it out for you? Your delivery should be in the pneumatic by now. Why don't you pick it up and go home and make your cake?"
- 「しない! 君に詳しく説明する必要ありますか? 君の荷物はそろそろ車の中だ。受け取って家に帰ってケーキでも作ったらどうだ。」
- "No! Need I spell it out for you? Your delivery should be in the pneumatic by now. Why don't you pick it up and go home and make your cake?"
- 1900年, L. Frank Baum, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"[16]
- (疑問文または否定文のみで用いて)かならずしも~しない。
- 1920年, Charles M. Horton, "Opportunities in Engineering"[19]
- The profession of engineering, therefore, has its type. You may be of this type or you may not. The type is quite pronounced, however, and you need not go wrong in your decision.
- したがって、エンジアリングの専門職にはそれに合ったタイプというものがある。あなたはそのタイプの人間かもしれないしそうではないかもしれない。しかしながら、そのタイプというのはとても明白で、決断を間違うことは必ずしもない。
- The profession of engineering, therefore, has its type. You may be of this type or you may not. The type is quite pronounced, however, and you need not go wrong in your decision.
- 1920年, Charles M. Horton, "Opportunities in Engineering"[19]
用法
[編集]- 否定形 need not で、短縮形は needn't
- 1906年, E. Nesbit, "The Railway Children"[20]
- “Broken something, I suppose,” said Peter, “but she needn't be so silly over it. Mother never rows for accidents. [...]”
- ピーターが言いました「何か壊したんだと思う」「けど、それについてそんなに考え無しに突っ走る必要ないのに。お母さんは事故の場合は怒ったりしないんだから。[…]」
- “Broken something, I suppose,” said Peter, “but she needn't be so silly over it. Mother never rows for accidents. [...]”
- 1906年, E. Nesbit, "The Railway Children"[20]
- 否定短縮形 needn't での使用を除き、助動詞 need の使用はやや堅苦しい印象を与える。本動詞 need を使った否定文・疑問文の方が一般的。
- 人称による変化形はない。三人称代名詞を主語にするときも need を用いる。
- 1907年, Arthur Schnitzler, "The Dead Are Silent"[21]
- She need not stay here—she can do no good here—and she is only courting disaster for herself.
- 彼女はそこに居る必要はないし、彼女が役に立てることもない。ただ、自分自身への災難を自ら招いているだけだ。
- She need not stay here—she can do no good here—and she is only courting disaster for herself.
- 1907年, Arthur Schnitzler, "The Dead Are Silent"[21]
- 助動詞 need 自体の過去形は無い。助動詞 need を用いて過去を表現する場合は完了形を続ける
- 1963年, L.J. Stecher, "When You Giffle"[22]
- I needn't have worried. Captain Hannah didn't want her back. He just wanted to relax and talk to someone.
- 心配する必要はなかった。キャプテン・ハナは彼女を連れ戻したいのではなく、彼はただ誰かとリラックスして話したいだけだった。
- I needn't have worried. Captain Hannah didn't want her back. He just wanted to relax and talk to someone.
- 1963年, L.J. Stecher, "When You Giffle"[22]
アナグラム
[編集]西フリジア語
[編集]語源
[編集]古フリジア語 nēd, nād < ゲルマン祖語 *naudiz
名詞
[編集]need 通性 (複数 neden)
- 必要。
派生語
[編集]註
[編集]- ↑ Oscar Wilde. A Woman of No Importance. Eighth ed. Methuen & Co., Ltd. London. 1919. (Project Gutenberg. January 4, 2007. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/854/854-h/854-h.htm)
- ↑ Harry Lyman Koopman. The Booklover and His Books. The Boston Book Company. 1916. (Project Gutenberg. Release date: September 15, 2007. Most recently updated: January 2, 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/22606/pg22606-images.html)
- ↑ Fred H. Colvin and K. A. Juthe. The Working of Steel. Second ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1922. (Project Gutenberg. January 4, 2007. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20282/pg20282-images.html)
- ↑ Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge. 1908. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: October, 2000. Most recently updated: September 18, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2350/2350-h/2350-h.htm)
- ↑ Earl Barnes. Woman in Modern Society. 1912. (Project Gutenberg. Release date: April 23, 2005. Most recently updated: December 14, 2020. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/15691/pg15691-images.html)
- ↑ Scott Nearing. Civilization and Beyond: Learning from History. 1975. (Project Gutenberg. Release date: May 1, 2004. Most recently updated: December 14, 2020. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12320/pg12320.html)
- ↑ Theodore Dreiser. Jennie Gerhardt. The Century Co. 1911. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: May 29, 2009. Last updated: January 10, 2020. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/28988/28988-h/28988-h.htm)
- ↑ Bertrand Russell. Why Men Fight: A method of abolishing the international duel. The Century Co. 1917. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: September 23, 2017. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/55610/55610-h/55610-h.htm)
- ↑ Clifford Rose Adams. How to Pick a Mate: The Guide to a Happy Marriage. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 1946. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: February 22, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67472/67472-h/67472-h.htm)
- ↑ Frances Hodgson Burnett. "The Secret Garden". 1911. Frederick A. Stokes Company. (Project Gutenberg. August, 1994. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17396/17396-h/17396-h.htm)
- ↑ Intellectual Property Office. "Copyright Notice: digital images, photographs and the internet". GOV.UK. Updated November 2015. p. 5. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/481194/c-notice-201401.pdf licensed under Open Government Licence v3.0 2020年7月5日参照
- ↑ Ella Flagg Young & Walter Taylor Field. "The Young and Field Literary Readers, Book 2". 1916. Ginn and Company. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: December 26, 2011. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38412/38412-h/38412-h.htm)
- ↑ James R. Hall. "Am I Still There?". 1963. Frederick A. Stokes Company. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: December 26, 2009. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30763/30763-h/30763-h.htm)
- ↑ Lester Chadwick. "For the Honor of Randall". 1912. Cupples & Leon Company. (Project Gutenberg. February 19, 2013. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42130/42130-h/42130-h.htm)
- ↑ Victor Appleton. "The Moving Picture Boys at Panama". 1915. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: January 22, 2004. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10776/10776-h/10776-h.htm)
- ↑ L. Frank Baum. "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz". 1900. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: February, 1993. Most recently updated: October 19, 2020. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/55/55-h/55-h.htm)
- ↑ Abbie Phillips Walker. "Sandman’s Rainy Day Stories". 1920. Harper & Brothers. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: July 23, 2022. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/68589/pg68589-images.html)
- ↑ Hal Annas. "Man-Trap". 1953. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: August 30, 2021. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/66183/66183-h/66183-h.htm)
- ↑ Charles M. Horton. "Opportunities in Engineering". 1920. Harper & brothers Publisher. (Project Gutenberg. February 24, 2008. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24681/24681-h/24681-h.htm)
- ↑ E. Nesbit. "The Railway Children". 1906. (Project Gutenberg. Last Updated: March 9, 2018. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1874/1874-h/1874-h.htm)
- ↑ Arthur Schnitzler. "The Dead Are Silent". 1906. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: October 17, 2007. Last Updated: November 19, 2016. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/23061/23061-h/23061-h.htm)
- ↑ L.J. Stecher. "When You Giffle". 1963. (Project Gutenberg. Release Date: September 12, 2016. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/53035/53035-h/53035-h.htm)