Nondirectiveness is widely regarded as an important principle of genetic counseling. However, num... more Nondirectiveness is widely regarded as an important principle of genetic counseling. However, numerous studies have indicated that the use of this principle and its content itself are subject to controversies. The present study aimed to verify how the nondirectiveness principle is defined by Polish geneticists, the extent to which it is considered the main principle in clinical practice, and the situations in which geneticists see the positive value of the directive action. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the study compared the abstract declarations of the directiveness validity and the scope of this principle with the declaration of action in situations close to reality (case scenarios). The results showed that the high rank assigned to the nondirectiveness principle does not translate into the conviction about the absolute obligation to use it in clinical practice. Polish geneticists are inclined to restrict the scope of patients’ choices when these are outside of thei...
The article presents the history of the resolution “Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual A... more The article presents the history of the resolution “Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts”, its relationship with the professional standards of psychologists and its Polish translation. In addition, Polish resolutions on conversion therapy have been listed.
The article presents the results of a thematic analysis of statements about polyamory made in the... more The article presents the results of a thematic analysis of statements about polyamory made in the media by Polish psychology and sexology experts. The analysis was conducted on the basis of 20 pieces of material released in the Polish national press, radio, and television between July 2012 and October 2018. The results show that most of the analyzed experts approach polyamory with suspicion. In most cases, the decision to be in a polyamorous relationship is assessed very negatively, and in the eyes of the therapists it is evidence of psychological defects in people who make such attempts or it is seen as a harbinger of unfavorable outcomes for the relationship. This negative psychological evaluation is often accompanied by a strong moral assessment and a clear willingness to discourage society from this relationship model. The results show that representatives of psychology and medical sciences in the Polish media support and legitimize the social and moral order that promotes mono-...
The article aims at organizing multifaceted discourse on the concept of nondirectiveness in the p... more The article aims at organizing multifaceted discourse on the concept of nondirectiveness in the practice of genetic counseling. The analysis of areas where nondirectiveness was invoked and discussed reveals the problematic confusion of different meanings of the term that often leads to false conclusions about the relations between the professional standards and the practice of genetic counseling. The article offers clear and comprehensive description of different approaches to nondirectiveness and various ideas associated with the term. Normative consequences of various meanings attributed to nondirectiveness are explored. The article concludes by presenting important but unsolved problems regarding both theory (the meaning of nondirectiveness and its operational definition) and practice of genetic counseling (the scope and content of the norm of nondirective counseling).
W artykule przedstawiono historię powstania dokumentu „Właściwe afirmatywne postępowanie wobec os... more W artykule przedstawiono historię powstania dokumentu „Właściwe afirmatywne postępowanie wobec osób odczuwających stres z powodu swojej orientacji seksualnej oraz prób jej zmiany”, związek ze standardem profesjonalnym zawodu psychologa oraz jego polskie tłumaczenie. Dodatkowo wskazano polskie stanowiska dotyczące terapii konwersyjnych.
The current debate around sexual dysfunctions focuses mostly on the pharmacological regulation of... more The current debate around sexual dysfunctions focuses mostly on the pharmacological regulation of lowered sexual desire in women. The Food and Drug Administration approval of the first drug—Addyi—to treat this condition was preceded by a campaign, in which ethically saturated arguments were used to lobby policy makers. This article provides a critical evaluation of these arguments. In particular, we focus our attention on deceitful and unethical use of moral arguments and concepts. First, we present the context in which hypoactive sexual desire disorder is defined as a serious medical condition, showing how non-medical and non-scientific influences shaped the understanding of the problem. Further, we demonstrate how in current discussions regarding lower sexual interest attention has been shifted from psychosocial to pharmacological solutions and we trace the ethical consequences of such a change. We argue that, in addition to typical detrimental effects of overmedicalisation, there are new serious perils. In particular, we demonstrate that it is highly probable that pharmacologisation of female desire—contrary to the emancipatory declarations of the drug proponents—exerts pressure on women and narrows the range of potential choices they can make. As a result, it is inconsistent with the very idea of free choice.
Nondirectiveness is widely regarded as an important principle of genetic counseling. However, num... more Nondirectiveness is widely regarded as an important principle of genetic counseling. However, numerous studies have indicated that the use of this principle and its content itself are subject to controversies. The present study aimed to verify how the nondirectiveness principle is defined by Polish geneticists, the extent to which it is considered the main principle in clinical practice, and the situations in which geneticists see the positive value of the directive action. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the study compared the abstract declarations of the directiveness validity and the scope of this principle with the declaration of action in situations close to reality (case scenarios). The results showed that the high rank assigned to the nondirectiveness principle does not translate into the conviction about the absolute obligation to use it in clinical practice. Polish geneticists are inclined to restrict the scope of patients’ choices when these are outside of thei...
The article presents the history of the resolution “Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual A... more The article presents the history of the resolution “Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts”, its relationship with the professional standards of psychologists and its Polish translation. In addition, Polish resolutions on conversion therapy have been listed.
The article presents the results of a thematic analysis of statements about polyamory made in the... more The article presents the results of a thematic analysis of statements about polyamory made in the media by Polish psychology and sexology experts. The analysis was conducted on the basis of 20 pieces of material released in the Polish national press, radio, and television between July 2012 and October 2018. The results show that most of the analyzed experts approach polyamory with suspicion. In most cases, the decision to be in a polyamorous relationship is assessed very negatively, and in the eyes of the therapists it is evidence of psychological defects in people who make such attempts or it is seen as a harbinger of unfavorable outcomes for the relationship. This negative psychological evaluation is often accompanied by a strong moral assessment and a clear willingness to discourage society from this relationship model. The results show that representatives of psychology and medical sciences in the Polish media support and legitimize the social and moral order that promotes mono-...
The article aims at organizing multifaceted discourse on the concept of nondirectiveness in the p... more The article aims at organizing multifaceted discourse on the concept of nondirectiveness in the practice of genetic counseling. The analysis of areas where nondirectiveness was invoked and discussed reveals the problematic confusion of different meanings of the term that often leads to false conclusions about the relations between the professional standards and the practice of genetic counseling. The article offers clear and comprehensive description of different approaches to nondirectiveness and various ideas associated with the term. Normative consequences of various meanings attributed to nondirectiveness are explored. The article concludes by presenting important but unsolved problems regarding both theory (the meaning of nondirectiveness and its operational definition) and practice of genetic counseling (the scope and content of the norm of nondirective counseling).
W artykule przedstawiono historię powstania dokumentu „Właściwe afirmatywne postępowanie wobec os... more W artykule przedstawiono historię powstania dokumentu „Właściwe afirmatywne postępowanie wobec osób odczuwających stres z powodu swojej orientacji seksualnej oraz prób jej zmiany”, związek ze standardem profesjonalnym zawodu psychologa oraz jego polskie tłumaczenie. Dodatkowo wskazano polskie stanowiska dotyczące terapii konwersyjnych.
The current debate around sexual dysfunctions focuses mostly on the pharmacological regulation of... more The current debate around sexual dysfunctions focuses mostly on the pharmacological regulation of lowered sexual desire in women. The Food and Drug Administration approval of the first drug—Addyi—to treat this condition was preceded by a campaign, in which ethically saturated arguments were used to lobby policy makers. This article provides a critical evaluation of these arguments. In particular, we focus our attention on deceitful and unethical use of moral arguments and concepts. First, we present the context in which hypoactive sexual desire disorder is defined as a serious medical condition, showing how non-medical and non-scientific influences shaped the understanding of the problem. Further, we demonstrate how in current discussions regarding lower sexual interest attention has been shifted from psychosocial to pharmacological solutions and we trace the ethical consequences of such a change. We argue that, in addition to typical detrimental effects of overmedicalisation, there are new serious perils. In particular, we demonstrate that it is highly probable that pharmacologisation of female desire—contrary to the emancipatory declarations of the drug proponents—exerts pressure on women and narrows the range of potential choices they can make. As a result, it is inconsistent with the very idea of free choice.
HAPLESS GIFT OF LIFE. PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN MODERN MEDICINE
The book aims a... more HAPLESS GIFT OF LIFE. PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN MODERN MEDICINE The book aims at investigating how the notion of"quality of life" functions in modern medicine. The author tries to show how this category has emerged in the bioethical thought; in what circumstances it has become an element in its canon of notions and what philosophical values and premises form its basis. She researches the position and function of the notion in modern medicine, where the diagnosis of low quality of a patient's life sometimes becomes the moral grounds underlying the decision-making process. The author aims at determining the circumstances when such decisions are morally justified. The book consists of four parts. Part I entitled "Sanctity of Life" is devoted to the reconstrnction of the concept and presenting the context in which, and in the opposition to which, the ethics of quality of life is defined. The author proves that sanctity of life is not a specifically Catholic notion, mentioning the authors descending from non-Catholic traditions for whom the notion of sanctity of life plays a paramount role. The author aims at presenting possible - and frequently much diversified - meanings of the notion and proves that the conviction of sanctity of human life may be derived from very different sources without the need to refer to Supreme Being. Part 2 entitled "Life as the Subject of Moral Appraisal" presents various views seeking an answer to the question of what attributes life with quality. It discusses the manner in which the quality in question may be assessed, whose prerogative it should be and the criteria for such assessment. Part 3 entitled "Quality of Life in Selected Clinical Situations" presents cases of practical application of the standpoints and decisions discussed in the previous chapter. The author discusses clinical practice and considers the situations when medical treatment may be discontinued, what criteria should be taken into account when such decisions are made and whose opinion should be decisive in such cases. The author tries to answer the question whether quality of life may become a universal criterion for such decisions. Part 3 is also devoted to the impact which progress made by the 20111 century medicine has had on ethics and everyday reality of the medical profession. The author shows how new and increasingly more reliable methods of medical treatment have extended the range of medical intervention, which resulted in the emergence of previously unknown moral dilemmas and controversies. Part 4 entitled "Factors of Quality of Life" investigates the changes which have taken place in the last 50 years in understanding health and illness and the accompanying increase of interest in the category of "quality of life". The author reviews new research tools determining the state of health and efficiency of medical intervention. The author aims at presenting the manner in which emergence of the need to quantitatively assess the quality of life heralds profound changes in medical practice and ethics.
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Publication date: 2017
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna. Szczepienia
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-96
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 4
Pages: 100-103
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/155527,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 3
Pages: 86-88
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/139701,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 1
Pages: 92-95
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/139701,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
Publication date: 2017
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna. Szczepienia
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-96
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 4
Pages: 100-103
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/155527,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 3
Pages: 86-88
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/139701,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
Publication date: 2016
Journal: Medycyna Praktyczna, Szczepienia
Volume: 1
Pages: 92-95
http://www.mp.pl/szczepienia/specjalne/139701,konflikt-interesow-w-praktyce-lekarskiej
The book aims at investigating how the notion of"quality of life" functions in modern medicine. The author tries to show how this category has emerged in the bioethical thought; in what circumstances it has become an element in its canon of notions and what philosophical values and premises form its basis. She researches the position and
function of the notion in modern medicine, where the diagnosis of low quality of a patient's life sometimes becomes the moral grounds underlying the decision-making process. The author aims at
determining the circumstances when such decisions are morally justified.
The book consists of four parts. Part I entitled "Sanctity of Life" is devoted to the reconstrnction of the concept and presenting the context in which, and in the opposition to which, the ethics of quality of life is defined. The author proves that sanctity of life is not a specifically Catholic notion, mentioning the authors descending from non-Catholic traditions for whom the notion of sanctity of life plays a paramount role.
The author aims at presenting possible - and frequently much diversified - meanings of the notion and proves that the conviction of sanctity of human life may be derived from very different sources without the need to refer to Supreme Being.
Part 2 entitled "Life as the Subject of Moral Appraisal" presents various views seeking an answer to the question of what attributes life with quality. It discusses the manner in which the quality in question may be assessed, whose prerogative it should be and the criteria for such assessment.
Part 3 entitled "Quality of Life in Selected Clinical Situations" presents cases of practical application of the standpoints and decisions discussed in the previous chapter. The author discusses clinical practice and considers the situations when medical treatment may be discontinued, what criteria should be taken into account when such
decisions are made and whose opinion should be decisive in such cases. The author tries to answer the question whether quality of life may become a universal criterion for such decisions.
Part 3 is also devoted to the impact which progress made by the 20111 century medicine has had on ethics and everyday reality of the medical profession. The author shows how new and increasingly more reliable methods of medical treatment have extended the range of medical intervention, which resulted in the emergence of previously
unknown moral dilemmas and controversies.
Part 4 entitled "Factors of Quality of Life" investigates the changes which have taken place in the last 50 years in understanding health and illness and the accompanying increase of interest in the category of "quality of life". The author reviews new research tools determining the state of health and efficiency of medical intervention. The author aims at presenting the manner in which emergence of the need to quantitatively
assess the quality of life heralds profound changes in medical practice and ethics.