Hassan Mirzajani is a lecturer in Farhangian University in Mazandaran, Iran. He received his Ph.D. in Educational Technology from University Putra Malaysia (UPM). His areas of interest are teaching and research, e-Learning, Integrating ICT in Teacher training and Pre-service Teacher Education and Distance Learning. He is also a Member of journal of International Science Community Association.
Global investment in information and communications technology (ICT) to improve teaching and lear... more Global investment in information and communications technology (ICT) to improve teaching and learning in schools have been initiated by many governments. Investigation in the past decade revealed that ICT are effective resources for spreading educational opportunities. Many governments in the world have invested in ICT for improving teaching and learning in schools. Despite the huge investment of financial and human resources, communications building and innovations to facilitate ICT use in schools, the use of educational technology has been limited. This article is based on a review of journal articles that focused on pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT for academic activities. There were at least 61 articles reviewed. Of 61 articles 23 were on factors influencing pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT in their classrooms. The articles were empirical and meta-analysis reviews on the factors affecting utilization of ICT among pre-service teachers. The following study investigated the influence of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, effort expectancy and performance expectancy of an innovation, on encouraging pre-service teachers' use of ICT in the classrooms. Comparison and analysis factors influencing pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT in their classrooms indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use of technology, and user's attitude to be significant in decisions and intentions to use ICT in the classroom.
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect teachers’ motivation to us... more Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect teachers’ motivation to use information and communications technology (ICT) in the classroom. The study aims to determine the extent to which selected variables, such as personal experience, school environment and technological factors, influenced teachers’ tendency to accept and utilize ICT in teaching. Design/methodology/approach – The study used primary data sources from Mazandaran, Iran, that included field notes and semi-structured interviews. Findings – Results revealed that adequate support from administrators, directives to teachers to use ICT, appropriate ICT skills and knowledge as well as adequate resources were important factors that influenced the utilization of ICT in the classroom. Findings also showed that insufficient technical support discouraged teachers from using ICT in teaching, while increasing adequate equipment and technical support in schools encouraged teachers in this respect. Research limitations/implications – Because this study was conducted on a small number of participants, its findings may not apply fully to other educational institutions. Practical implications – The results from this study would be helpful to educational departments and institutions in their formulation of policies to encourage the use of ICT in education. The findings would also give a better insight of what constitutes an environment that is conducive for learning where ICT is integrated into the classroom. Originality/value – By focusing on teachers’ intention, this study provides important insights into which factors influence teacher attitude to use ICT into classroom. As a result, the finding will help the development of e-learning quality enhancement and assurance strategies.
Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational tech... more Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational technology was one dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users’ have led to the appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation, exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind of media is users’ ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment. The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed.
Staffs are the most important capitals of the organizations. Today, focusing on quality of work l... more Staffs are the most important capitals of the organizations. Today, focusing on quality of work life of staffs who devote more than one third of their lives to the organization is very important and valuable. The main objective of the present project was “to examine the relation between organizational structure and quality of work life of women staff in Islamic Azad university branches”. Our method in this descriptive study was selected as correlation-based. The universal society included all women staff of Mazandaran’s Islamic Azad university branches,377 persons, and based on classified random sampling and with using krejcie and Morgan table,191 persons were selected as our samples. We used “organizational structure” and “work life quality” questionnaires for gathering data. Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and pierson coefficient and Regression). Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational structure and its dimensions with quality of work life. Also, the components of organizational structure (formality, option hierarchy and centralization, respectively) were some significant predictors for quality of work life.
In today's world the use of information and communication technology and its influence on
every a... more In today's world the use of information and communication technology and its influence on every aspect of human life has caused great changes in human society and human relations, which is known as the information revolution. The increasing development of technology and use of these technologies has initiated a new era in the life of human societies which is called information society. Entry to this era requires measure and facilities that the most important of them is appropriate cultural infrastructure. The first action in this regard is to consider the need for efficient use of information and communication technology applications by teachers In the process of teaching and learning of students. In this paper it has been tried to investigate the role of information and communication technology in students` learning and the importance of applying instructional technologies by teacher in the process of teaching and learning. And advantages of using information technology, recommendations and guidelines are also expressed.
In spite of growing amount of technologies, tools and information communication and technology (I... more In spite of growing amount of technologies, tools and information communication and technology (ICT) by providing pre-service teacher education courses, pre-service teachers' ICT utilization is not still as predicted. Research shows many barriers influencing pre-service teachers’ utilization of ICT. Many researchers have identified a number of factors to describe why student teachers do not feel ready to use ICT in their classrooms. The purpose of this review of research literature is to discover what reasons are key obstacles that prevent utilization of ICT in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The review results show that most of the researchers believe that lack of enough training, lack of suitable software and hardware, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of ICT leadership support, lacking time, and lack of self-efficacy are the key barriers for utilization of ICTs in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The study also concluded that understanding the amount to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decisionmaking on how to equip them.
This study examines and analyzes the role of human resources management on improving the effectiv... more This study examines and analyzes the role of human resources management on improving the effectiveness of
education staff. The aim of this study is to analyze the main indicators of organizational management that
includes5subscales, searching for staff, staff recruitment and selection, design and implementation of training
programs, employee performance evaluation and training of trainers in the organizational unit. For this purpose,
120 people from statistical community of administrators and teachers were selected using simple random
sampling. The tool of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 40 questions and is scored on
Likert scale. Data was collected after completion of questionnaire by samples. In order to compare the results,
statistical model of one-sample t was used for each of the questions related to the indicator of management of
human resources. And also using t-model of two independent groups, each item was compared with an emphasis
on organizational status (employee-manager) and it was concluded that the impact of human resource
management in improving organizational effectiveness is effective in the level of 1% alpha.
Abstract
Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of
the main consideration in educational... more Abstract Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of the main consideration in educational improvements. Integrating ICT into the training procedures is extensively apparent as a critical assert in educational reforms. In spite of remarkable improvement higher education in many countries, integration of ICT into universities to be astonishingly low. The purpose of current paper is based on a review of 68 refereed article and dissertation that focused on introducing Ely's (1990) eight conditions that simplify implementation of an invention. Also identify which conditions more affected on successful implementation an innovation in higher education. The results shown that although there were important efforts and positive approaches toward the use of ICT in higher education, but the procedure of ICT integration at the university challenged factors that have effect on utilization of ICT by faculty members in universities. The review finding revealed that effective implementation of an innovation in higher education was dependent on the four significant factors included availability of resources, existence of knowledge and skills, availability of time, and leadership
Holy Qur'an as a divine book, includes at its core, significant training for guiding the
human b... more Holy Qur'an as a divine book, includes at its core, significant training for guiding the human being. It is an absolute prescription which considers all aspects of human life and precepts pertaining to this world and hereafter. One of these important trainings is about the essence of peaceful coexistence in Holy Qur'an. The aim of this study is to survey the various sacred verses concerning peaceful coexistence and bilateral sanctity in Holy Qur'an. A descriptive method is used in this work. The findings of this study highlight the importance of social interaction and bilateral sanctity. Furthermore, the researcher concludes that multi-racial generation can have the best life circumstances, if the essence of peaceful coexistence is deeply found. The researcher also suggests the need for more conception, coordination and altruism between different national groups.
Global investment in information and communications technology (ICT) to improve teaching and lear... more Global investment in information and communications technology (ICT) to improve teaching and learning in schools have been initiated by many governments. Investigation in the past decade revealed that ICT are effective resources for spreading educational opportunities. Many governments in the world have invested in ICT for improving teaching and learning in schools. Despite the huge investment of financial and human resources, communications building and innovations to facilitate ICT use in schools, the use of educational technology has been limited. This article is based on a review of journal articles that focused on pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT for academic activities. There were at least 61 articles reviewed. Of 61 articles 23 were on factors influencing pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT in their classrooms. The articles were empirical and meta-analysis reviews on the factors affecting utilization of ICT among pre-service teachers. The following study investigated the influence of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, effort expectancy and performance expectancy of an innovation, on encouraging pre-service teachers' use of ICT in the classrooms. Comparison and analysis factors influencing pre-service teachers' utilization of ICT in their classrooms indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use of technology, and user's attitude to be significant in decisions and intentions to use ICT in the classroom.
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect teachers’ motivation to us... more Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect teachers’ motivation to use information and communications technology (ICT) in the classroom. The study aims to determine the extent to which selected variables, such as personal experience, school environment and technological factors, influenced teachers’ tendency to accept and utilize ICT in teaching. Design/methodology/approach – The study used primary data sources from Mazandaran, Iran, that included field notes and semi-structured interviews. Findings – Results revealed that adequate support from administrators, directives to teachers to use ICT, appropriate ICT skills and knowledge as well as adequate resources were important factors that influenced the utilization of ICT in the classroom. Findings also showed that insufficient technical support discouraged teachers from using ICT in teaching, while increasing adequate equipment and technical support in schools encouraged teachers in this respect. Research limitations/implications – Because this study was conducted on a small number of participants, its findings may not apply fully to other educational institutions. Practical implications – The results from this study would be helpful to educational departments and institutions in their formulation of policies to encourage the use of ICT in education. The findings would also give a better insight of what constitutes an environment that is conducive for learning where ICT is integrated into the classroom. Originality/value – By focusing on teachers’ intention, this study provides important insights into which factors influence teacher attitude to use ICT into classroom. As a result, the finding will help the development of e-learning quality enhancement and assurance strategies.
Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational tech... more Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational technology was one dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users’ have led to the appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation, exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind of media is users’ ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment. The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed.
Staffs are the most important capitals of the organizations. Today, focusing on quality of work l... more Staffs are the most important capitals of the organizations. Today, focusing on quality of work life of staffs who devote more than one third of their lives to the organization is very important and valuable. The main objective of the present project was “to examine the relation between organizational structure and quality of work life of women staff in Islamic Azad university branches”. Our method in this descriptive study was selected as correlation-based. The universal society included all women staff of Mazandaran’s Islamic Azad university branches,377 persons, and based on classified random sampling and with using krejcie and Morgan table,191 persons were selected as our samples. We used “organizational structure” and “work life quality” questionnaires for gathering data. Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and pierson coefficient and Regression). Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational structure and its dimensions with quality of work life. Also, the components of organizational structure (formality, option hierarchy and centralization, respectively) were some significant predictors for quality of work life.
In today's world the use of information and communication technology and its influence on
every a... more In today's world the use of information and communication technology and its influence on every aspect of human life has caused great changes in human society and human relations, which is known as the information revolution. The increasing development of technology and use of these technologies has initiated a new era in the life of human societies which is called information society. Entry to this era requires measure and facilities that the most important of them is appropriate cultural infrastructure. The first action in this regard is to consider the need for efficient use of information and communication technology applications by teachers In the process of teaching and learning of students. In this paper it has been tried to investigate the role of information and communication technology in students` learning and the importance of applying instructional technologies by teacher in the process of teaching and learning. And advantages of using information technology, recommendations and guidelines are also expressed.
In spite of growing amount of technologies, tools and information communication and technology (I... more In spite of growing amount of technologies, tools and information communication and technology (ICT) by providing pre-service teacher education courses, pre-service teachers' ICT utilization is not still as predicted. Research shows many barriers influencing pre-service teachers’ utilization of ICT. Many researchers have identified a number of factors to describe why student teachers do not feel ready to use ICT in their classrooms. The purpose of this review of research literature is to discover what reasons are key obstacles that prevent utilization of ICT in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The review results show that most of the researchers believe that lack of enough training, lack of suitable software and hardware, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of ICT leadership support, lacking time, and lack of self-efficacy are the key barriers for utilization of ICTs in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The study also concluded that understanding the amount to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decisionmaking on how to equip them.
This study examines and analyzes the role of human resources management on improving the effectiv... more This study examines and analyzes the role of human resources management on improving the effectiveness of
education staff. The aim of this study is to analyze the main indicators of organizational management that
includes5subscales, searching for staff, staff recruitment and selection, design and implementation of training
programs, employee performance evaluation and training of trainers in the organizational unit. For this purpose,
120 people from statistical community of administrators and teachers were selected using simple random
sampling. The tool of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 40 questions and is scored on
Likert scale. Data was collected after completion of questionnaire by samples. In order to compare the results,
statistical model of one-sample t was used for each of the questions related to the indicator of management of
human resources. And also using t-model of two independent groups, each item was compared with an emphasis
on organizational status (employee-manager) and it was concluded that the impact of human resource
management in improving organizational effectiveness is effective in the level of 1% alpha.
Abstract
Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of
the main consideration in educational... more Abstract Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of the main consideration in educational improvements. Integrating ICT into the training procedures is extensively apparent as a critical assert in educational reforms. In spite of remarkable improvement higher education in many countries, integration of ICT into universities to be astonishingly low. The purpose of current paper is based on a review of 68 refereed article and dissertation that focused on introducing Ely's (1990) eight conditions that simplify implementation of an invention. Also identify which conditions more affected on successful implementation an innovation in higher education. The results shown that although there were important efforts and positive approaches toward the use of ICT in higher education, but the procedure of ICT integration at the university challenged factors that have effect on utilization of ICT by faculty members in universities. The review finding revealed that effective implementation of an innovation in higher education was dependent on the four significant factors included availability of resources, existence of knowledge and skills, availability of time, and leadership
Holy Qur'an as a divine book, includes at its core, significant training for guiding the
human b... more Holy Qur'an as a divine book, includes at its core, significant training for guiding the human being. It is an absolute prescription which considers all aspects of human life and precepts pertaining to this world and hereafter. One of these important trainings is about the essence of peaceful coexistence in Holy Qur'an. The aim of this study is to survey the various sacred verses concerning peaceful coexistence and bilateral sanctity in Holy Qur'an. A descriptive method is used in this work. The findings of this study highlight the importance of social interaction and bilateral sanctity. Furthermore, the researcher concludes that multi-racial generation can have the best life circumstances, if the essence of peaceful coexistence is deeply found. The researcher also suggests the need for more conception, coordination and altruism between different national groups.
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information and communications technology (ICT) in the classroom. The study aims to determine the
extent to which selected variables, such as personal experience, school environment and technological
factors, influenced teachers’ tendency to accept and utilize ICT in teaching.
Design/methodology/approach – The study used primary data sources from Mazandaran, Iran,
that included field notes and semi-structured interviews.
Findings – Results revealed that adequate support from administrators, directives to teachers to use
ICT, appropriate ICT skills and knowledge as well as adequate resources were important factors that
influenced the utilization of ICT in the classroom. Findings also showed that insufficient technical
support discouraged teachers from using ICT in teaching, while increasing adequate equipment and
technical support in schools encouraged teachers in this respect.
Research limitations/implications – Because this study was conducted on a small number of
participants, its findings may not apply fully to other educational institutions.
Practical implications – The results from this study would be helpful to educational departments
and institutions in their formulation of policies to encourage the use of ICT in education. The findings
would also give a better insight of what constitutes an environment that is conducive for learning where
ICT is integrated into the classroom.
Originality/value – By focusing on teachers’ intention, this study provides important insights into
which factors influence teacher attitude to use ICT into classroom. As a result, the finding will help the
development of e-learning quality enhancement and assurance strategies.
dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened
in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users’ have led to the
appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation,
exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind
of media is users’ ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational
technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment.
The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect
ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed.
devote more than one third of their lives to the organization is very important and valuable. The main objective of
the present project was “to examine the relation between organizational structure and quality of work life of
women staff in Islamic Azad university branches”. Our method in this descriptive study was selected as
correlation-based. The universal society included all women staff of Mazandaran’s Islamic Azad university
branches,377 persons, and based on classified random sampling and with using krejcie and Morgan table,191
persons were selected as our samples. We used “organizational structure” and “work life quality” questionnaires
for gathering data. Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and
inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and pierson coefficient and Regression). Results showed that there is
a significant positive relationship between organizational structure and its dimensions with quality of work life.
Also, the components of organizational structure (formality, option hierarchy and centralization, respectively)
were some significant predictors for quality of work life.
every aspect of human life has caused great changes in human society and human relations,
which is known as the information revolution. The increasing development of technology and
use of these technologies has initiated a new era in the life of human societies which is called
information society. Entry to this era requires measure and facilities that the most important
of them is appropriate cultural infrastructure. The first action in this regard is to consider the
need for efficient use of information and communication technology applications by teachers
In the process of teaching and learning of students. In this paper it has been tried to
investigate the role of information and communication technology in students` learning and
the importance of applying instructional technologies by teacher in the process of teaching
and learning. And advantages of using information technology, recommendations and
guidelines are also expressed.
pre-service teacher education courses, pre-service teachers' ICT utilization is not still as predicted. Research shows
many barriers influencing pre-service teachers’ utilization of ICT. Many researchers have identified a number of factors
to describe why student teachers do not feel ready to use ICT in their classrooms. The purpose of this review of research
literature is to discover what reasons are key obstacles that prevent utilization of ICT in pre-service teachers’
educational courses. The review results show that most of the researchers believe that lack of enough training, lack of
suitable software and hardware, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of ICT leadership support, lacking time, and lack of
self-efficacy are the key barriers for utilization of ICTs in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The study also
concluded that understanding the amount to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decisionmaking on how to equip them.
education staff. The aim of this study is to analyze the main indicators of organizational management that
includes5subscales, searching for staff, staff recruitment and selection, design and implementation of training
programs, employee performance evaluation and training of trainers in the organizational unit. For this purpose,
120 people from statistical community of administrators and teachers were selected using simple random
sampling. The tool of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 40 questions and is scored on
Likert scale. Data was collected after completion of questionnaire by samples. In order to compare the results,
statistical model of one-sample t was used for each of the questions related to the indicator of management of
human resources. And also using t-model of two independent groups, each item was compared with an emphasis
on organizational status (employee-manager) and it was concluded that the impact of human resource
management in improving organizational effectiveness is effective in the level of 1% alpha.
Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of
the main consideration in educational improvements.
Integrating ICT into the training procedures is
extensively apparent as a critical assert in educational
reforms. In spite of remarkable improvement higher
education in many countries, integration of ICT into
universities to be astonishingly low. The purpose of
current paper is based on a review of 68 refereed
article and dissertation that focused on introducing
Ely's (1990) eight conditions that simplify
implementation of an invention. Also identify which
conditions more affected on successful
implementation an innovation in higher education.
The results shown that although there were important
efforts and positive approaches toward the use of ICT
in higher education, but the procedure of ICT
integration at the university challenged factors that
have effect on utilization of ICT by faculty members
in universities. The review finding revealed that
effective implementation of an innovation in higher
education was dependent on the four significant
factors included availability of resources, existence of
knowledge and skills, availability of time, and
leadership
human being. It is an absolute prescription which considers all aspects of human life
and precepts pertaining to this world and hereafter. One of these important
trainings is about the essence of peaceful coexistence in Holy Qur'an. The aim of
this study is to survey the various sacred verses concerning peaceful coexistence and
bilateral sanctity in Holy Qur'an. A descriptive method is used in this work. The
findings of this study highlight the importance of social interaction and bilateral
sanctity. Furthermore, the researcher concludes that multi-racial generation can
have the best life circumstances, if the essence of peaceful coexistence is deeply
found. The researcher also suggests the need for more conception, coordination and
altruism between different national groups.
information and communications technology (ICT) in the classroom. The study aims to determine the
extent to which selected variables, such as personal experience, school environment and technological
factors, influenced teachers’ tendency to accept and utilize ICT in teaching.
Design/methodology/approach – The study used primary data sources from Mazandaran, Iran,
that included field notes and semi-structured interviews.
Findings – Results revealed that adequate support from administrators, directives to teachers to use
ICT, appropriate ICT skills and knowledge as well as adequate resources were important factors that
influenced the utilization of ICT in the classroom. Findings also showed that insufficient technical
support discouraged teachers from using ICT in teaching, while increasing adequate equipment and
technical support in schools encouraged teachers in this respect.
Research limitations/implications – Because this study was conducted on a small number of
participants, its findings may not apply fully to other educational institutions.
Practical implications – The results from this study would be helpful to educational departments
and institutions in their formulation of policies to encourage the use of ICT in education. The findings
would also give a better insight of what constitutes an environment that is conducive for learning where
ICT is integrated into the classroom.
Originality/value – By focusing on teachers’ intention, this study provides important insights into
which factors influence teacher attitude to use ICT into classroom. As a result, the finding will help the
development of e-learning quality enhancement and assurance strategies.
dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened
in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users’ have led to the
appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation,
exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind
of media is users’ ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational
technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment.
The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect
ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed.
devote more than one third of their lives to the organization is very important and valuable. The main objective of
the present project was “to examine the relation between organizational structure and quality of work life of
women staff in Islamic Azad university branches”. Our method in this descriptive study was selected as
correlation-based. The universal society included all women staff of Mazandaran’s Islamic Azad university
branches,377 persons, and based on classified random sampling and with using krejcie and Morgan table,191
persons were selected as our samples. We used “organizational structure” and “work life quality” questionnaires
for gathering data. Data analyzing was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and
inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and pierson coefficient and Regression). Results showed that there is
a significant positive relationship between organizational structure and its dimensions with quality of work life.
Also, the components of organizational structure (formality, option hierarchy and centralization, respectively)
were some significant predictors for quality of work life.
every aspect of human life has caused great changes in human society and human relations,
which is known as the information revolution. The increasing development of technology and
use of these technologies has initiated a new era in the life of human societies which is called
information society. Entry to this era requires measure and facilities that the most important
of them is appropriate cultural infrastructure. The first action in this regard is to consider the
need for efficient use of information and communication technology applications by teachers
In the process of teaching and learning of students. In this paper it has been tried to
investigate the role of information and communication technology in students` learning and
the importance of applying instructional technologies by teacher in the process of teaching
and learning. And advantages of using information technology, recommendations and
guidelines are also expressed.
pre-service teacher education courses, pre-service teachers' ICT utilization is not still as predicted. Research shows
many barriers influencing pre-service teachers’ utilization of ICT. Many researchers have identified a number of factors
to describe why student teachers do not feel ready to use ICT in their classrooms. The purpose of this review of research
literature is to discover what reasons are key obstacles that prevent utilization of ICT in pre-service teachers’
educational courses. The review results show that most of the researchers believe that lack of enough training, lack of
suitable software and hardware, lack of knowledge and skills, lack of ICT leadership support, lacking time, and lack of
self-efficacy are the key barriers for utilization of ICTs in pre-service teachers’ educational courses. The study also
concluded that understanding the amount to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decisionmaking on how to equip them.
education staff. The aim of this study is to analyze the main indicators of organizational management that
includes5subscales, searching for staff, staff recruitment and selection, design and implementation of training
programs, employee performance evaluation and training of trainers in the organizational unit. For this purpose,
120 people from statistical community of administrators and teachers were selected using simple random
sampling. The tool of this study is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 40 questions and is scored on
Likert scale. Data was collected after completion of questionnaire by samples. In order to compare the results,
statistical model of one-sample t was used for each of the questions related to the indicator of management of
human resources. And also using t-model of two independent groups, each item was compared with an emphasis
on organizational status (employee-manager) and it was concluded that the impact of human resource
management in improving organizational effectiveness is effective in the level of 1% alpha.
Nowadays, use of ICT in higher education is one of
the main consideration in educational improvements.
Integrating ICT into the training procedures is
extensively apparent as a critical assert in educational
reforms. In spite of remarkable improvement higher
education in many countries, integration of ICT into
universities to be astonishingly low. The purpose of
current paper is based on a review of 68 refereed
article and dissertation that focused on introducing
Ely's (1990) eight conditions that simplify
implementation of an invention. Also identify which
conditions more affected on successful
implementation an innovation in higher education.
The results shown that although there were important
efforts and positive approaches toward the use of ICT
in higher education, but the procedure of ICT
integration at the university challenged factors that
have effect on utilization of ICT by faculty members
in universities. The review finding revealed that
effective implementation of an innovation in higher
education was dependent on the four significant
factors included availability of resources, existence of
knowledge and skills, availability of time, and
leadership
human being. It is an absolute prescription which considers all aspects of human life
and precepts pertaining to this world and hereafter. One of these important
trainings is about the essence of peaceful coexistence in Holy Qur'an. The aim of
this study is to survey the various sacred verses concerning peaceful coexistence and
bilateral sanctity in Holy Qur'an. A descriptive method is used in this work. The
findings of this study highlight the importance of social interaction and bilateral
sanctity. Furthermore, the researcher concludes that multi-racial generation can
have the best life circumstances, if the essence of peaceful coexistence is deeply
found. The researcher also suggests the need for more conception, coordination and
altruism between different national groups.