Thermal energy storage (TES) can be utilized as supplemental platforms for improving operational ... more Thermal energy storage (TES) can be utilized as supplemental platforms for improving operational reliability and systemic efficiency in variety of industries, such as for reducing water usage in power production (food-energy-water/ FEW nexus), chemical and agro-process industries and for improving sustainability (e.g., desalination), etc. Phase change materials (PCMs) can be used in TES due to their high latent heat storage capacity during phase transformation. Inorganic PCMs typically have the highest latent heat capacity and are attractive for their ability to store the larger quantities of thermal energy in small form factors while conferring respectable power ratings (however, they suffer from compromised reliability issues, that often arise from the need for subcooling). Subcooling (also known as supercooling) is a phenomenon where the temperature needs to be reduced substantially below the melting point to initiate solidification. A technique for obviating subcooling issues is...
Graphene-based e-textiles have attracted great interests due to their promising applications in s... more Graphene-based e-textiles have attracted great interests due to their promising applications in sensing, protection, and wearable electronics. Here we report a scalable screen-printing process along with continuous pad-dry-cure treatment for the creation of durable graphene oxide (GO) patterns onto viscose nonwoven fabrics at controllable penetration depth. All the printed nonwovens show lower sheet resistances (1.2-6.8 kΩ/sq) at a comparable loading as those reported in literature, and good washfastness, which is attributed to the chemical crosslinking applied between reduced GO (rGO) flakes and viscose fibers. This is the first demonstration of tunable penetration depth of GO in textile matrices, wherein GO is also simultaneously converted to rGO and cross-linked with viscose fibers in our processes. We have further demonstrated the potential applications of these nonwoven fabrics as physical sensors for compression and bending.
Fig. 1. Schematic of gating operation driven by centrifugal force. (a) shows top view of the rota... more Fig. 1. Schematic of gating operation driven by centrifugal force. (a) shows top view of the rotating plate. The reservoir resides at R 1 and the abruptly-expanding open is at R 2. The reservoir and channel are filled by liquid sample. (b) shows a close-up view of the abruptly-expanding opening. Liquid pressure at the meniscus is P m .
The objective of this study is to develop a portable micro-sensor platform for real-time detectio... more The objective of this study is to develop a portable micro-sensor platform for real-time detection of energetic materials (eg, explosives) over a wide range of vapor pressures. The bending response of an electrically heated microcantilever thermal bi-morph array is used for specific ...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the... more Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the influence of the microenvironment on MSC phenotype and localization remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we begin to define a macrophage-induced MSC phenotype. These MSCs secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL5, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (CXCL10) and exhibit increased mobility in response to multiple soluble factors produced by macrophages including IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5. The pro-migratory phenotype is dependent on activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This work begins to identify the influence of macrophages on MSC biology. These interactions are likely to play an important role in the tissue inflammatory response and may provide insight into the migratory potential of MSCs in inflammation and tissue injury.
Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the las... more Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.
Ventilated building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades can not only generate electricity at t... more Ventilated building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades can not only generate electricity at the locations of buildings themselves but if designed optimally, such facades can also reduce the respective heat gains and heat losses in summer and winter via the building envelope. The development of a novel ventilated BIPV double-skin facade (DSF), constituted by a see-through amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV module and an inward opening window, is reported in this paper. In order to enhance ventilation, an air-flow duct, 400 mm in depth is situated between the outside PV module and the inside window. This ventilation design can remove much of the waste heat generated by the PV module energy conversion processes, and thus bring down the operating temperature of the solar cells. Infrared thermal imaging was adopted in relation to the ventilated PV-DSF to visually demonstrate this ventilating effect. It was found that the air temperature at the outlet louver is higher than that at the inlet louver by 2.2-2.3°C. The thermal performance of PV-DSFs operating in different modes was studied and compared. The results showed that the ventilated PV-DSF provides the lowest solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), while the non-ventilated PV-DSF better reduces heat loss. Based on the experimental results, the optimum operation strategy for the PV-DSF under different weather conditions has been determined and proposed. This novel PV-DSF is more suitable for subtropical climates because it results in a much lower SHGC than that of a low-e coating DSF.
In this study, we postulated and demonstrated that surface conditions have a dominant role in mul... more In this study, we postulated and demonstrated that surface conditions have a dominant role in multiphase flows that leverage stable colloidal nanoparticle suspensions (i.e., nanofluids) in determining their efficacy as heat transfer fluids (HTF). Forced convective heat transfer rates during the flow of de-ionized water (DIW) and aqueous TiO 2 nanofluids inside a microchannel were studied numerically as well as experimentally under constant wall temperature boundary conditions. A brief literature review of the theoretical investigations involving the thermal-conductivity of nanofluids as heat transfer fluids (HTF) was also carried out. This enabled the development of a numerical model and computational analysis for forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids in a microchannel using conventional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques. Experimental validation of the numerical predictions was in accordance with the predicted values of the temperature profile near the walls of the microchannel for the base fluid. Anomalous enhancement of the convective heat flux values was observed in the experiments using nanofluids (e.g., an increase of 91.9%). However, this trend was not seen in the computational analysis because the numerical models were based on continuum assumptions and flow features involving nanoparticles in a stable colloidal solution involving non-continuum effects. The anomalous enhancements are postulated to be caused by isolated and dispersed precipitation of nanoparticles on the flow conduits (the precipitated nanoparticles are called "nanofins") which in turn enhance the surface area available for heat exchange (this is called the "nanofin effect"). The numerical validation of nanoparticle precipitation was successfully achieved by additionally considering particle tracking (i.e., DPM: Discrete Phase Model) and two-phase flow modeling based on conventional CFD and HT methods. The "nanofin effect" consists of the cumulative influence of several transport mechanisms at the solidfluid interface on a nanoscale level-arising from the increase in the effective surface area caused by the formation of surface nanofins-which in turn modulates the effective thermal impedance (resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc.) as well as thermal diodic effects. The efficacy of the nanofins depends on various parameters such as the local profiles for the wall temperature, concentration and flow rates of each phase.
CYP1B1 has been implicated in primary congenital glaucoma with autosomal recessive mode of inheri... more CYP1B1 has been implicated in primary congenital glaucoma with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Mutations in CYP1B1 have also been reported in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and suggested to act as a modifier of the disease along with Myocilin (MYOC). Earlier reports suggest that over-expression of myocilin leads to POAG pathogenesis. Taken together, we propose a functional interaction between CYP1B1 and myocilin where 17b estradiol acts as a mediator. Therefore, we hypothesize that 17b estradiol can induce MYOC expression through the putative estrogen responsive elements (EREs) located in its promoter and CYP1B1 could manipulate MYOC expression by metabolizing 17b estradiol to 4hydroxy estradiol, thus preventing it from binding to MYOC promoter. Hence any mutation in CYP1B1 that reduces its 17b estradiol metabolizing activity might lead to MYOC upregulation, which in turn might play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. It was observed that 17b estradiol is present in Human Trabecular Meshwork cells (HTM) and Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (RPE) by immunoflouresence and ELISA. Also, the expression of enzymes related to estrogen biosynthesis pathway was observed in both cell lines by RT-PCR. Subsequent evaluation of the EREs in the MYOC promoter by luciferase assay, with dose and time dependent treatment of 17b estradiol, showed that the EREs are indeed active. This observation was further validated by direct binding of estrogen receptors (ER) on EREs in MYOC promoter and subsequent upregulation in MYOC level in HTM cells on 17b estradiol treatment. Interestingly, CYP1B1 mutants with less than 10% enzymatic activity were found to increase the level of endogenous myocilin in HTM cells. Thus the experimental observations are consistent with our proposed hypothesis that mutant CYP1B1, lacking the 17b estradiol metabolizing activity, can cause MYOC upregulation, which might have a potential implication in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Linear stability analysis of strongly coupled incompressible dusty plasma in presence of shear fl... more Linear stability analysis of strongly coupled incompressible dusty plasma in presence of shear flow has been carried out using Generalized Hydrodynamical (GH) model. With the proper Galilean invariant GH model, a nonlocal eigenvalue analysis has been done using different velocity profiles. It is shown that the effect of elasticity enhances the growth rate of shear flow driven Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability. The interplay between viscosity and elasticity not only enhances the growth rate but the spatial domain of the instability is also widened. The growth rate in various parameter space and the corresponding eigen functions are presented.
It had been demonstrated that large-scale honeycomb-like nanoparticle arrays could be fabricated ... more It had been demonstrated that large-scale honeycomb-like nanoparticle arrays could be fabricated inexpensively by the process of monolayer nanosphere self-assembly. Here we report that a double-layer masking procedure can be effectively used to overcome the restriction of honeycomb order in an array resulted from a monolayer mask. By varying the relative angle between the two layers, different arrangement of nanoparticles could be obtained. The relative angle can be directly controlled with the aid of diffraction patterns from illuminating the layers by a laser beam. Experimental results were fully confirmed by computer simulations. Using these nanoparticles as catalysts, we have grown arrays of aligned ZnO nanorods with various orders.
TEM, including convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), SEM, and EDX techniques, were used to... more TEM, including convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), SEM, and EDX techniques, were used to characterize the silicide (Ti, Zr)5 Si3 which forms in Beta-C (Ti-3A1-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo) and other similar titanium alloys. Space group of this silicide is determined as P6/mmm. In addition, sotvus of this silicide was determined and a complete phase field diagram was constructed for Beta-C alloy. It was found that morphology and distribution of the silicide strongly depends on thermal and thermomechanical treatments. Continuous grain boundary silicide was found to be detrimental for tensile ductility which results in intergranular fracture. Thermal and thermomechanical treatments were identified which can reduce or eliminate continuous grain boundary silicide precipitation.
granulite facies recrystallization [750-800°C, 7-8 kbar, a(H 2 O) The Bolangir massif-type anorth... more granulite facies recrystallization [750-800°C, 7-8 kbar, a(H 2 O) The Bolangir massif-type anorthosite in the Eastern Ghats Belt of <0•25] during cooling from the igneous to the regional thermal India is composed of homogeneous anorthosite and subordinate regime. volumes of schlieric leuconorite in its marginal parts. The massif is separated from granulite grade country gneisses by coarse-grained garnetiferous granitoids. Extremely iron-rich ferrodiorites (FeO * 39-30 wt %, SiO 2 36-43 wt %, 18 O = 7•7-8•0‰) occur KEY WORDS: Eastern Ghats Belt of India; Bolangir; massif-type anorat the immediate contact with the massif, which they intrude thosite; geochemistry; petrogenesis in cross-cutting veins and sheets. They show remarkably high concentrations of high field strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE)
In this study, two silicon wafer substrates were coated with vertically aligned multiwalled carbo... more In this study, two silicon wafer substrates were coated with vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) “forests” and were used for pool boiling studies. The MWCNT forests (9 and 25μm in height) were synthesized on the silicon wafer substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The substrates were clamped on a cylindrical copper block with embedded cartridge heaters. The heat flux was measured using sheathed K-type thermocouples, which were placed inside the cylindrical copper block. Pool boiling experiments using refrigerant PF-5060 as the working liquid were conducted to obtain the pool “boiling curve.” The experiments were conducted in nucleate and film boiling regimes to investigate the effect of MWCNT height on pool boiling performance. Reference (control) experiments were also performed with an atomically smooth bare silicon wafer (without MWCNT coating). The results show that the MWCNT forests enhanced critical heat flux (CHF) by 25-28% compared to co...
Silica nanoparticles (1% by weight) were dispersed in a eutectic of lithium carbonate and potassi... more Silica nanoparticles (1% by weight) were dispersed in a eutectic of lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate (62:38 ratio) to obtain high temperature nanofluids. A differential scanning calorimeter instrument was used to measure the specific heat of the neat molten salt eutectic and after addition of nanoparticles. The specific heat of the nanofluid was enhanced by 19–24%. The measurement uncertainty for the specific heat values in the experiments is estimated to be in the range of 1–5%. These experimental data contradict earlier experimental results reported in the literature. (Notably, the stability of the nanofluid samples was not verified in these studies.) In the present study, the dispersion and stability of the nanoparticles were confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Percolation networks were observed in the SEM image of the nanofluid. Furthermore, no agglomeration of the nanoparticles was observed, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The obser...
This paper estimates the effect of chemical additives like CuO on the interfacial thermal resista... more This paper estimates the effect of chemical additives like CuO on the interfacial thermal resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in water. The investigation of thermal properties of CNT nanostructure is carried out using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The nanotube was heated to a prescribed temperature, followed by the relaxation of the entire configuration. In the equilibration simulations, the atoms in the nanotube are heated instantaneously to 500, 750 and 1000 K in 3 separate simulations by rescaling the velocities of carbon atoms in the nanotube. This paper also deals with the mesoscale thermo-conductivity properties of the composite system, by employing various effective medium theories and micromechanical methods.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011
In this study, we report the anomalous enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature ... more In this study, we report the anomalous enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature nanofluids. Alkali metal chloride salt eutectics were doped with silica nanoparticles at 1% mass concentration. The specific heat capacity of the nanofluid was enhanced by 14.5%. Dispersion behavior of the nanoparticles in the eutectic was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three independent competing transport mechanisms are enumerated to explain this anomalous behavior.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014
Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any purpos... more Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any purpose other than Government procurement does not in any way obligate the U.S. Government. The fact that the Government formulated or supplied the drawings, specifications, or other data does not license the holder or any other person or corporation; or convey any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may relate to them. This report was cleared for public release by the USAF 88th Air Base Wing (88 ABW) Public Affairs Office (PAO) and is available to the general public, including foreign nationals. Copies may be obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) (http://www.dtic.mil).
Thermal energy storage (TES) can be utilized as supplemental platforms for improving operational ... more Thermal energy storage (TES) can be utilized as supplemental platforms for improving operational reliability and systemic efficiency in variety of industries, such as for reducing water usage in power production (food-energy-water/ FEW nexus), chemical and agro-process industries and for improving sustainability (e.g., desalination), etc. Phase change materials (PCMs) can be used in TES due to their high latent heat storage capacity during phase transformation. Inorganic PCMs typically have the highest latent heat capacity and are attractive for their ability to store the larger quantities of thermal energy in small form factors while conferring respectable power ratings (however, they suffer from compromised reliability issues, that often arise from the need for subcooling). Subcooling (also known as supercooling) is a phenomenon where the temperature needs to be reduced substantially below the melting point to initiate solidification. A technique for obviating subcooling issues is...
Graphene-based e-textiles have attracted great interests due to their promising applications in s... more Graphene-based e-textiles have attracted great interests due to their promising applications in sensing, protection, and wearable electronics. Here we report a scalable screen-printing process along with continuous pad-dry-cure treatment for the creation of durable graphene oxide (GO) patterns onto viscose nonwoven fabrics at controllable penetration depth. All the printed nonwovens show lower sheet resistances (1.2-6.8 kΩ/sq) at a comparable loading as those reported in literature, and good washfastness, which is attributed to the chemical crosslinking applied between reduced GO (rGO) flakes and viscose fibers. This is the first demonstration of tunable penetration depth of GO in textile matrices, wherein GO is also simultaneously converted to rGO and cross-linked with viscose fibers in our processes. We have further demonstrated the potential applications of these nonwoven fabrics as physical sensors for compression and bending.
Fig. 1. Schematic of gating operation driven by centrifugal force. (a) shows top view of the rota... more Fig. 1. Schematic of gating operation driven by centrifugal force. (a) shows top view of the rotating plate. The reservoir resides at R 1 and the abruptly-expanding open is at R 2. The reservoir and channel are filled by liquid sample. (b) shows a close-up view of the abruptly-expanding opening. Liquid pressure at the meniscus is P m .
The objective of this study is to develop a portable micro-sensor platform for real-time detectio... more The objective of this study is to develop a portable micro-sensor platform for real-time detection of energetic materials (eg, explosives) over a wide range of vapor pressures. The bending response of an electrically heated microcantilever thermal bi-morph array is used for specific ...
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the... more Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism for sites of tissue injury and tumors. However, the influence of the microenvironment on MSC phenotype and localization remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we begin to define a macrophage-induced MSC phenotype. These MSCs secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), CCL5, and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (CXCL10) and exhibit increased mobility in response to multiple soluble factors produced by macrophages including IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5. The pro-migratory phenotype is dependent on activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. This work begins to identify the influence of macrophages on MSC biology. These interactions are likely to play an important role in the tissue inflammatory response and may provide insight into the migratory potential of MSCs in inflammation and tissue injury.
Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the las... more Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been recognized as high value biomacromolecules for the last two decades. These products, including pullulan, scleroglucan, and botryosphaeran, have several applications in industries, pharmaceuticals, medicine, foods etc. Although fungal EPSs are highly relevant, to date information concerning fungal biosynthesis is scarce and an extensive search for new fugal species that can produce novel EPSs is still needed. In most cases, the molecular weight variations and sugar compositions of fungal EPSs are dependent to culture medium composition and different physical conditions provided during fermentation. An inclusive and illustrative review on fungal EPS is presented here. The general outline of the present work includes fungal EPS production, their compositions and applications. An emphasis is also given to listing out different fungal strains that can produce EPSs.
Ventilated building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades can not only generate electricity at t... more Ventilated building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades can not only generate electricity at the locations of buildings themselves but if designed optimally, such facades can also reduce the respective heat gains and heat losses in summer and winter via the building envelope. The development of a novel ventilated BIPV double-skin facade (DSF), constituted by a see-through amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV module and an inward opening window, is reported in this paper. In order to enhance ventilation, an air-flow duct, 400 mm in depth is situated between the outside PV module and the inside window. This ventilation design can remove much of the waste heat generated by the PV module energy conversion processes, and thus bring down the operating temperature of the solar cells. Infrared thermal imaging was adopted in relation to the ventilated PV-DSF to visually demonstrate this ventilating effect. It was found that the air temperature at the outlet louver is higher than that at the inlet louver by 2.2-2.3°C. The thermal performance of PV-DSFs operating in different modes was studied and compared. The results showed that the ventilated PV-DSF provides the lowest solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), while the non-ventilated PV-DSF better reduces heat loss. Based on the experimental results, the optimum operation strategy for the PV-DSF under different weather conditions has been determined and proposed. This novel PV-DSF is more suitable for subtropical climates because it results in a much lower SHGC than that of a low-e coating DSF.
In this study, we postulated and demonstrated that surface conditions have a dominant role in mul... more In this study, we postulated and demonstrated that surface conditions have a dominant role in multiphase flows that leverage stable colloidal nanoparticle suspensions (i.e., nanofluids) in determining their efficacy as heat transfer fluids (HTF). Forced convective heat transfer rates during the flow of de-ionized water (DIW) and aqueous TiO 2 nanofluids inside a microchannel were studied numerically as well as experimentally under constant wall temperature boundary conditions. A brief literature review of the theoretical investigations involving the thermal-conductivity of nanofluids as heat transfer fluids (HTF) was also carried out. This enabled the development of a numerical model and computational analysis for forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids in a microchannel using conventional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques. Experimental validation of the numerical predictions was in accordance with the predicted values of the temperature profile near the walls of the microchannel for the base fluid. Anomalous enhancement of the convective heat flux values was observed in the experiments using nanofluids (e.g., an increase of 91.9%). However, this trend was not seen in the computational analysis because the numerical models were based on continuum assumptions and flow features involving nanoparticles in a stable colloidal solution involving non-continuum effects. The anomalous enhancements are postulated to be caused by isolated and dispersed precipitation of nanoparticles on the flow conduits (the precipitated nanoparticles are called "nanofins") which in turn enhance the surface area available for heat exchange (this is called the "nanofin effect"). The numerical validation of nanoparticle precipitation was successfully achieved by additionally considering particle tracking (i.e., DPM: Discrete Phase Model) and two-phase flow modeling based on conventional CFD and HT methods. The "nanofin effect" consists of the cumulative influence of several transport mechanisms at the solidfluid interface on a nanoscale level-arising from the increase in the effective surface area caused by the formation of surface nanofins-which in turn modulates the effective thermal impedance (resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc.) as well as thermal diodic effects. The efficacy of the nanofins depends on various parameters such as the local profiles for the wall temperature, concentration and flow rates of each phase.
CYP1B1 has been implicated in primary congenital glaucoma with autosomal recessive mode of inheri... more CYP1B1 has been implicated in primary congenital glaucoma with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Mutations in CYP1B1 have also been reported in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) cases and suggested to act as a modifier of the disease along with Myocilin (MYOC). Earlier reports suggest that over-expression of myocilin leads to POAG pathogenesis. Taken together, we propose a functional interaction between CYP1B1 and myocilin where 17b estradiol acts as a mediator. Therefore, we hypothesize that 17b estradiol can induce MYOC expression through the putative estrogen responsive elements (EREs) located in its promoter and CYP1B1 could manipulate MYOC expression by metabolizing 17b estradiol to 4hydroxy estradiol, thus preventing it from binding to MYOC promoter. Hence any mutation in CYP1B1 that reduces its 17b estradiol metabolizing activity might lead to MYOC upregulation, which in turn might play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. It was observed that 17b estradiol is present in Human Trabecular Meshwork cells (HTM) and Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (RPE) by immunoflouresence and ELISA. Also, the expression of enzymes related to estrogen biosynthesis pathway was observed in both cell lines by RT-PCR. Subsequent evaluation of the EREs in the MYOC promoter by luciferase assay, with dose and time dependent treatment of 17b estradiol, showed that the EREs are indeed active. This observation was further validated by direct binding of estrogen receptors (ER) on EREs in MYOC promoter and subsequent upregulation in MYOC level in HTM cells on 17b estradiol treatment. Interestingly, CYP1B1 mutants with less than 10% enzymatic activity were found to increase the level of endogenous myocilin in HTM cells. Thus the experimental observations are consistent with our proposed hypothesis that mutant CYP1B1, lacking the 17b estradiol metabolizing activity, can cause MYOC upregulation, which might have a potential implication in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Linear stability analysis of strongly coupled incompressible dusty plasma in presence of shear fl... more Linear stability analysis of strongly coupled incompressible dusty plasma in presence of shear flow has been carried out using Generalized Hydrodynamical (GH) model. With the proper Galilean invariant GH model, a nonlocal eigenvalue analysis has been done using different velocity profiles. It is shown that the effect of elasticity enhances the growth rate of shear flow driven Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability. The interplay between viscosity and elasticity not only enhances the growth rate but the spatial domain of the instability is also widened. The growth rate in various parameter space and the corresponding eigen functions are presented.
It had been demonstrated that large-scale honeycomb-like nanoparticle arrays could be fabricated ... more It had been demonstrated that large-scale honeycomb-like nanoparticle arrays could be fabricated inexpensively by the process of monolayer nanosphere self-assembly. Here we report that a double-layer masking procedure can be effectively used to overcome the restriction of honeycomb order in an array resulted from a monolayer mask. By varying the relative angle between the two layers, different arrangement of nanoparticles could be obtained. The relative angle can be directly controlled with the aid of diffraction patterns from illuminating the layers by a laser beam. Experimental results were fully confirmed by computer simulations. Using these nanoparticles as catalysts, we have grown arrays of aligned ZnO nanorods with various orders.
TEM, including convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), SEM, and EDX techniques, were used to... more TEM, including convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), SEM, and EDX techniques, were used to characterize the silicide (Ti, Zr)5 Si3 which forms in Beta-C (Ti-3A1-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo) and other similar titanium alloys. Space group of this silicide is determined as P6/mmm. In addition, sotvus of this silicide was determined and a complete phase field diagram was constructed for Beta-C alloy. It was found that morphology and distribution of the silicide strongly depends on thermal and thermomechanical treatments. Continuous grain boundary silicide was found to be detrimental for tensile ductility which results in intergranular fracture. Thermal and thermomechanical treatments were identified which can reduce or eliminate continuous grain boundary silicide precipitation.
granulite facies recrystallization [750-800°C, 7-8 kbar, a(H 2 O) The Bolangir massif-type anorth... more granulite facies recrystallization [750-800°C, 7-8 kbar, a(H 2 O) The Bolangir massif-type anorthosite in the Eastern Ghats Belt of <0•25] during cooling from the igneous to the regional thermal India is composed of homogeneous anorthosite and subordinate regime. volumes of schlieric leuconorite in its marginal parts. The massif is separated from granulite grade country gneisses by coarse-grained garnetiferous granitoids. Extremely iron-rich ferrodiorites (FeO * 39-30 wt %, SiO 2 36-43 wt %, 18 O = 7•7-8•0‰) occur KEY WORDS: Eastern Ghats Belt of India; Bolangir; massif-type anorat the immediate contact with the massif, which they intrude thosite; geochemistry; petrogenesis in cross-cutting veins and sheets. They show remarkably high concentrations of high field strength elements (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE)
In this study, two silicon wafer substrates were coated with vertically aligned multiwalled carbo... more In this study, two silicon wafer substrates were coated with vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) “forests” and were used for pool boiling studies. The MWCNT forests (9 and 25μm in height) were synthesized on the silicon wafer substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The substrates were clamped on a cylindrical copper block with embedded cartridge heaters. The heat flux was measured using sheathed K-type thermocouples, which were placed inside the cylindrical copper block. Pool boiling experiments using refrigerant PF-5060 as the working liquid were conducted to obtain the pool “boiling curve.” The experiments were conducted in nucleate and film boiling regimes to investigate the effect of MWCNT height on pool boiling performance. Reference (control) experiments were also performed with an atomically smooth bare silicon wafer (without MWCNT coating). The results show that the MWCNT forests enhanced critical heat flux (CHF) by 25-28% compared to co...
Silica nanoparticles (1% by weight) were dispersed in a eutectic of lithium carbonate and potassi... more Silica nanoparticles (1% by weight) were dispersed in a eutectic of lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate (62:38 ratio) to obtain high temperature nanofluids. A differential scanning calorimeter instrument was used to measure the specific heat of the neat molten salt eutectic and after addition of nanoparticles. The specific heat of the nanofluid was enhanced by 19–24%. The measurement uncertainty for the specific heat values in the experiments is estimated to be in the range of 1–5%. These experimental data contradict earlier experimental results reported in the literature. (Notably, the stability of the nanofluid samples was not verified in these studies.) In the present study, the dispersion and stability of the nanoparticles were confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Percolation networks were observed in the SEM image of the nanofluid. Furthermore, no agglomeration of the nanoparticles was observed, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The obser...
This paper estimates the effect of chemical additives like CuO on the interfacial thermal resista... more This paper estimates the effect of chemical additives like CuO on the interfacial thermal resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in water. The investigation of thermal properties of CNT nanostructure is carried out using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The nanotube was heated to a prescribed temperature, followed by the relaxation of the entire configuration. In the equilibration simulations, the atoms in the nanotube are heated instantaneously to 500, 750 and 1000 K in 3 separate simulations by rescaling the velocities of carbon atoms in the nanotube. This paper also deals with the mesoscale thermo-conductivity properties of the composite system, by employing various effective medium theories and micromechanical methods.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011
In this study, we report the anomalous enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature ... more In this study, we report the anomalous enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature nanofluids. Alkali metal chloride salt eutectics were doped with silica nanoparticles at 1% mass concentration. The specific heat capacity of the nanofluid was enhanced by 14.5%. Dispersion behavior of the nanoparticles in the eutectic was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three independent competing transport mechanisms are enumerated to explain this anomalous behavior.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014
Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any purpos... more Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any purpose other than Government procurement does not in any way obligate the U.S. Government. The fact that the Government formulated or supplied the drawings, specifications, or other data does not license the holder or any other person or corporation; or convey any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may relate to them. This report was cleared for public release by the USAF 88th Air Base Wing (88 ABW) Public Affairs Office (PAO) and is available to the general public, including foreign nationals. Copies may be obtained from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) (http://www.dtic.mil).
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Papers by debjyoti banerjee