Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the... more Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the context of watershed management. Watershed management encompasses various activities from watershed delineation to monitoring. The present research attempted to study various morphological characteristics and to implement Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques for identification and prioritization of critical sub watersheds situated in region of Ozat river basin, Gujarat. The morphometric analysis of river basin helps to explore the interrelationship between hydraulic parameters and geomorphologic characteristics. Various morphometric parameters, namely linear and shape have been determined for each watersheds and assigned ranks on the basis of value/relationship so as to arrive at a compound value for a final ranking of the watershed. There are in total 4 sub-watersheds which have been delineated and taken up for prioritization based on morphometric analysi...
Runoff is a very important factor in hydrological cycle and it is relevant for the watershed mana... more Runoff is a very important factor in hydrological cycle and it is relevant for the watershed management programme for conservation and development or natural resources and its management. And Water resource planning and management is important and critical issue in arid and semi-arid regions.And availability of accurate information on runoff is very rare. Here three different bias corrected data scenarios are there (1961-2000), (2046-2064) and (20812100). Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a physical based model developed for predict the runoff, erosion, sediment and nutrient transport from the watershed Runoff from a watershed affected by several geo-morphological parameters and for a particular watershed land use change can affect the runoff volume and runoff rate significantly. Here bias corrected data applied in SWAT model and SCS-CN method. Present study was undertaken to estimate surface runoff in the Aji basin situated in Rajkot, Gujarat, India using SWAT model and SCS-...
The need and demand of solar photovoltaic water pumping system has been increased in the recent y... more The need and demand of solar photovoltaic water pumping system has been increased in the recent years, as a stand-alone water pumping system to pump water in remote locations. Micro irrigation system, which includes mainly drip and sprinkler irrigation method require constant maximum water pressure for normal system operation and it is difficult under solar photovoltaic pumping system due to variation in intensity of solar radiation during a day. Rain pipe irrigation systems can easily working under fluctuating pressure as well as low pressure condition effectively. The rain pipe system recently introduced for irrigation needs to be evaluated for their performance under solar photovoltaic pump. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate hydraulic performance of rain pipe irrigation system under three operating pressure of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 kg cm2 keeping length of rain pipe 30m and 4m spacing between two rain pipes. The average maximum solar radiation 621.26 W/m2 was received at...
Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was don... more Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was done to collect the data regarding traditional kagzilime fruit harvesting device adopted by the farmers. The problems faced with the traditional tool for lime fruit harvesting are alleviated in the JAU–Lime harvester by providing catching unit, fruit collecting mouth and conveyance pipe which reduces losses in terms of immature lime fall out and spoilage. It was compared with the traditional one in terms of number of fruits harvested per unit time, spoilage and immature fruit losses during harvesting. The average fruit harvesting capacity was recorded as 6.85 kg hr-1 and 7.83 kg hr-1 for JAU–Lime harvester and traditional harvester, respectively. The collected fruits were kept in same environment for 11 days to find the number of fruits spoiled. It was observed that up to 8th day after harvesting, no spoilage was recorded in the lime harvested by JAU-Lime harvester. It was also recorded tha...
Forecasting of extreme stream flow is necessary for water resource planning and management at cat... more Forecasting of extreme stream flow is necessary for water resource planning and management at catchment scale. Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been widely used as models for a variety of nonlinear hydrologic processes including that of forecasting runoff over a watershed. In this study, ANN a data driven technique is used for forecasting the extreme streamflow. ANN architecture is optimized by selection of transfer function, training algorithm, hidden neurons, and initial weights. For ANN weights finalization LM algorithm is used. The performance of ANN model is validated using two different performance indices. It was found that the ANN model consistently gives superior predictions without any explicit consideration of different components of the hydrologic cycle during calibration and validation. Based on the results, ANN modeling appears to be a promising technique for forecasting the extreme streamflow in semiarid Saurashtra regions of Gujarat.
The historical records of temperature for Aji river basin (Dist. Rajkot) were collected and the m... more The historical records of temperature for Aji river basin (Dist. Rajkot) were collected and the monthly seasonal and annual average of daily maximum, minimum and mean temperature were computed for 32 years (1978–2009). The each time series data of temperature were analyzed for the warming trend analysis and based on that the future scenario of climate was projected. Monthly average of maximum temperature was found decreasing, increasing and no significant during 3, 3 and 6 months, respectively, in a year. While that of minimum temperature indicated significantly decreasing trend in 12 months in a year. In fact, the monthly average of daily mean temperature was found decreased in 11 months and insignificant decreasing trend in 1 month. The seasonal average of maximum temperature showed decreasing trend during monsoon and winter and increasing trend in summer season. However, the highly significant decreasing trend in seasonal average minimum temperature was observed during all of three seasons of the year. Seasonal average of dailymean temperature was found in decreasing trend during winter, summer and monsoon. Annual average of daily minimum and meantemperature could be found significantly decreasing by 0.28°C and 0.15°C per year, whereas maximum temperature was found stable. This indicates that there will not be climate change in this region due to warming if the same temperature trend will continue.
The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletio... more The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletion and save crop as well as sustain crop production with increased yield. Experiment was conducted in hard rock area of aquifer on conjunctive use planning of harvested rainwater with groundwater for irrigating wheat crop. The experiment was conducted with two treatments; in treatment one irrigation was applied through conjunctive use of surface water storage and groundwater. In another treatment irrigation was applied through groundwater only. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56, Penman- Monteith method in both the treatments. In treatment one of conjunctive use planning the groundwater withdrawal reduced by 654.6 m3/ha. By early use of surface storage about 152.7 mm of evaporation loss was reduced as well as it has saved the electrical energy of 247.6 kwh per ha. Though the yield of wheat crop was at par in both the treatments, however B/C ratio was higher (1.61) in co...
Experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), India by adopti... more Experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), India by adopting split plot design with 12 treatment combinations comprising irrigation method as a main factor with six levels viz., border irrigation (control), four high discharge drip irrigation with online drippers of 4, 8, 14, 20 lph discharge having various dripper and lateral spacing and sub-surface porous pipe irrigation system. Mulching was used as a sub-factor with two levels viz., 5 t/ha wheat straw and no mulch. Irrigation was scheduled based on surface wetting front movement study for high discharge drip irrigation systems. The response of sesame was evaluated in terms of yield parameters, weed intensity, water use efficiency and economics. Porous pipe irrigation system and 4 lph drip irrigations gave significantly higher grain yield of 1623 and 1554 kg/ha i. e. 35 and 29% higher than control, respectively. Mulching resulted in 11.2% higher yield and 39% less weed intensity than no mulch. Increase in dripper discharge resulted in decrease in sesame yield, all the drip irrigation treatments resulted in higher yield than border irrigation. Cost of irrigation reduced as dripper discharge increased; the highest benefit: cost ratio of 4.0 was found under the treatment with 14 lph dripper discharge. Drip irrigation treatment with dripper discharge × dripper spacing × lateral spacing as 14 lph x 0.8 x 2.1 m with 5 t/ha wheat straw mulch proved to be the best irrigation treatment for sesame cultivation considering yield parameters, weed intensity and cost economics.
The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletio... more The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletion and save crop as well as sustain crop production with increased yield. Experiment was conducted in hard rock area of aquifer on conjunctive use planning of harvested rainwater with groundwater for irrigating wheat crop. The experiment was conducted with two treatments; in treatment one irrigation was applied through conjunctive use of surface water storage and groundwater. In another treatment irrigation was applied through groundwater only. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56, Penman- Monteith method in both the treatments. In treatment one of conjunctive use planning the groundwater withdrawal reduced by 654.6 m3/ha. By early use of surface storage about 152.7 mm of evaporation loss was reduced as well as it has saved the electrical energy of 247.6 kwh per ha. Though the yield of wheat crop was at par in both the treatments, however B/C ratio was higher (1.61) in co...
The field experiments were conducted for consecutive three years to assess the crop performance a... more The field experiments were conducted for consecutive three years to assess the crop performance and economics of micro sprinkler system for groundnut (GG-2) during summer season (Feb. to May). Total six treatments having different water application levels based on IW/CPE like 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.2 were selected. The lowest pod yield of 1471 kg/ha and highest pod yield of 2550 kg/ha could be obtained at the IW/CPE of 0.6 and 0.9 respectively requiring 523 and 789 ha.mm/ha of irrigation water respectively. The treatment of IW/CPE of 0.8 was found statistically better one having the highest water use efficiency of 3.406 kg/ha.mm. The IW/CPE of 0.8 was found most economical water application level. Also, in case of excess water supply (IW/CPE=1.2) and deficit water conditions (0.6), the micro sprinkler was not that profitable. INTRODUCTION During the summer season, there is a higher yield potential of groundnut in Saurashtra and Kutch region of Gujarat State. However, the bigg...
Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the... more Watershed prioritization has gained importance in natural resources management, especially in the context of watershed management. Watershed management encompasses various activities from watershed delineation to monitoring. The present research attempted to study various morphological characteristics and to implement Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques for identification and prioritization of critical sub watersheds situated in region of Ozat river basin, Gujarat. The morphometric analysis of river basin helps to explore the interrelationship between hydraulic parameters and geomorphologic characteristics. Various morphometric parameters, namely linear and shape have been determined for each watersheds and assigned ranks on the basis of value/relationship so as to arrive at a compound value for a final ranking of the watershed. There are in total 4 sub-watersheds which have been delineated and taken up for prioritization based on morphometric analysi...
Runoff is a very important factor in hydrological cycle and it is relevant for the watershed mana... more Runoff is a very important factor in hydrological cycle and it is relevant for the watershed management programme for conservation and development or natural resources and its management. And Water resource planning and management is important and critical issue in arid and semi-arid regions.And availability of accurate information on runoff is very rare. Here three different bias corrected data scenarios are there (1961-2000), (2046-2064) and (20812100). Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a physical based model developed for predict the runoff, erosion, sediment and nutrient transport from the watershed Runoff from a watershed affected by several geo-morphological parameters and for a particular watershed land use change can affect the runoff volume and runoff rate significantly. Here bias corrected data applied in SWAT model and SCS-CN method. Present study was undertaken to estimate surface runoff in the Aji basin situated in Rajkot, Gujarat, India using SWAT model and SCS-...
The need and demand of solar photovoltaic water pumping system has been increased in the recent y... more The need and demand of solar photovoltaic water pumping system has been increased in the recent years, as a stand-alone water pumping system to pump water in remote locations. Micro irrigation system, which includes mainly drip and sprinkler irrigation method require constant maximum water pressure for normal system operation and it is difficult under solar photovoltaic pumping system due to variation in intensity of solar radiation during a day. Rain pipe irrigation systems can easily working under fluctuating pressure as well as low pressure condition effectively. The rain pipe system recently introduced for irrigation needs to be evaluated for their performance under solar photovoltaic pump. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate hydraulic performance of rain pipe irrigation system under three operating pressure of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 kg cm2 keeping length of rain pipe 30m and 4m spacing between two rain pipes. The average maximum solar radiation 621.26 W/m2 was received at...
Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was don... more Efforts were made to develop a hand tool for harvesting of lime fruits. Initially, survey was done to collect the data regarding traditional kagzilime fruit harvesting device adopted by the farmers. The problems faced with the traditional tool for lime fruit harvesting are alleviated in the JAU–Lime harvester by providing catching unit, fruit collecting mouth and conveyance pipe which reduces losses in terms of immature lime fall out and spoilage. It was compared with the traditional one in terms of number of fruits harvested per unit time, spoilage and immature fruit losses during harvesting. The average fruit harvesting capacity was recorded as 6.85 kg hr-1 and 7.83 kg hr-1 for JAU–Lime harvester and traditional harvester, respectively. The collected fruits were kept in same environment for 11 days to find the number of fruits spoiled. It was observed that up to 8th day after harvesting, no spoilage was recorded in the lime harvested by JAU-Lime harvester. It was also recorded tha...
Forecasting of extreme stream flow is necessary for water resource planning and management at cat... more Forecasting of extreme stream flow is necessary for water resource planning and management at catchment scale. Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been widely used as models for a variety of nonlinear hydrologic processes including that of forecasting runoff over a watershed. In this study, ANN a data driven technique is used for forecasting the extreme streamflow. ANN architecture is optimized by selection of transfer function, training algorithm, hidden neurons, and initial weights. For ANN weights finalization LM algorithm is used. The performance of ANN model is validated using two different performance indices. It was found that the ANN model consistently gives superior predictions without any explicit consideration of different components of the hydrologic cycle during calibration and validation. Based on the results, ANN modeling appears to be a promising technique for forecasting the extreme streamflow in semiarid Saurashtra regions of Gujarat.
The historical records of temperature for Aji river basin (Dist. Rajkot) were collected and the m... more The historical records of temperature for Aji river basin (Dist. Rajkot) were collected and the monthly seasonal and annual average of daily maximum, minimum and mean temperature were computed for 32 years (1978–2009). The each time series data of temperature were analyzed for the warming trend analysis and based on that the future scenario of climate was projected. Monthly average of maximum temperature was found decreasing, increasing and no significant during 3, 3 and 6 months, respectively, in a year. While that of minimum temperature indicated significantly decreasing trend in 12 months in a year. In fact, the monthly average of daily mean temperature was found decreased in 11 months and insignificant decreasing trend in 1 month. The seasonal average of maximum temperature showed decreasing trend during monsoon and winter and increasing trend in summer season. However, the highly significant decreasing trend in seasonal average minimum temperature was observed during all of three seasons of the year. Seasonal average of dailymean temperature was found in decreasing trend during winter, summer and monsoon. Annual average of daily minimum and meantemperature could be found significantly decreasing by 0.28°C and 0.15°C per year, whereas maximum temperature was found stable. This indicates that there will not be climate change in this region due to warming if the same temperature trend will continue.
The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletio... more The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletion and save crop as well as sustain crop production with increased yield. Experiment was conducted in hard rock area of aquifer on conjunctive use planning of harvested rainwater with groundwater for irrigating wheat crop. The experiment was conducted with two treatments; in treatment one irrigation was applied through conjunctive use of surface water storage and groundwater. In another treatment irrigation was applied through groundwater only. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56, Penman- Monteith method in both the treatments. In treatment one of conjunctive use planning the groundwater withdrawal reduced by 654.6 m3/ha. By early use of surface storage about 152.7 mm of evaporation loss was reduced as well as it has saved the electrical energy of 247.6 kwh per ha. Though the yield of wheat crop was at par in both the treatments, however B/C ratio was higher (1.61) in co...
Experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), India by adopti... more Experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), India by adopting split plot design with 12 treatment combinations comprising irrigation method as a main factor with six levels viz., border irrigation (control), four high discharge drip irrigation with online drippers of 4, 8, 14, 20 lph discharge having various dripper and lateral spacing and sub-surface porous pipe irrigation system. Mulching was used as a sub-factor with two levels viz., 5 t/ha wheat straw and no mulch. Irrigation was scheduled based on surface wetting front movement study for high discharge drip irrigation systems. The response of sesame was evaluated in terms of yield parameters, weed intensity, water use efficiency and economics. Porous pipe irrigation system and 4 lph drip irrigations gave significantly higher grain yield of 1623 and 1554 kg/ha i. e. 35 and 29% higher than control, respectively. Mulching resulted in 11.2% higher yield and 39% less weed intensity than no mulch. Increase in dripper discharge resulted in decrease in sesame yield, all the drip irrigation treatments resulted in higher yield than border irrigation. Cost of irrigation reduced as dripper discharge increased; the highest benefit: cost ratio of 4.0 was found under the treatment with 14 lph dripper discharge. Drip irrigation treatment with dripper discharge × dripper spacing × lateral spacing as 14 lph x 0.8 x 2.1 m with 5 t/ha wheat straw mulch proved to be the best irrigation treatment for sesame cultivation considering yield parameters, weed intensity and cost economics.
The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletio... more The efficient utilization of groundwater leads to less pumping cost reduces ground water depletion and save crop as well as sustain crop production with increased yield. Experiment was conducted in hard rock area of aquifer on conjunctive use planning of harvested rainwater with groundwater for irrigating wheat crop. The experiment was conducted with two treatments; in treatment one irrigation was applied through conjunctive use of surface water storage and groundwater. In another treatment irrigation was applied through groundwater only. The crop water requirement was estimated using FAO-56, Penman- Monteith method in both the treatments. In treatment one of conjunctive use planning the groundwater withdrawal reduced by 654.6 m3/ha. By early use of surface storage about 152.7 mm of evaporation loss was reduced as well as it has saved the electrical energy of 247.6 kwh per ha. Though the yield of wheat crop was at par in both the treatments, however B/C ratio was higher (1.61) in co...
The field experiments were conducted for consecutive three years to assess the crop performance a... more The field experiments were conducted for consecutive three years to assess the crop performance and economics of micro sprinkler system for groundnut (GG-2) during summer season (Feb. to May). Total six treatments having different water application levels based on IW/CPE like 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.2 were selected. The lowest pod yield of 1471 kg/ha and highest pod yield of 2550 kg/ha could be obtained at the IW/CPE of 0.6 and 0.9 respectively requiring 523 and 789 ha.mm/ha of irrigation water respectively. The treatment of IW/CPE of 0.8 was found statistically better one having the highest water use efficiency of 3.406 kg/ha.mm. The IW/CPE of 0.8 was found most economical water application level. Also, in case of excess water supply (IW/CPE=1.2) and deficit water conditions (0.6), the micro sprinkler was not that profitable. INTRODUCTION During the summer season, there is a higher yield potential of groundnut in Saurashtra and Kutch region of Gujarat State. However, the bigg...
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