Modhurima Khan

Operation Searchlight, a series of dialogues between Yahya Khan and East Pakistan Leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was initiated by Pakistani forces to uphold authoritarian rule over self-determination-minded Bangladeshis. The Pakistani army killed innocent Bengali civilians and infiltrated East Pakistan for several months, initiating the genocide in Bangladesh.

The UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as a combination of acts committed with the intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. The 1971 atrocities in East Pakistan included targeted murder of intellectuals, journalists, sexual violence, and arson. Despite Bangladesh's independence 51 years ago, it has not officially acknowledged the Bangladeshi Genocide.

The number of individuals massacred in then-East Pakistan between March and December 1971 by Pakistani forces greatly outnumbers those who perished in the three genocides recognized by the UN. Bangladesh had to overcome new struggles to establish itself in the global community and be vocal about its sufferings. The government has made efforts to document the genocide, preserve testimonies of survivors, and raise awareness internationally about the events that transpired.

Genocide diplomacy refers to a strategic approach used by certain states or political entities to influence the recognition of genocidal acts committed against them or their government or allied regimes. In the case of the Bangladesh genocide, the Awami League government supported the setup of the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) to investigate and prosecute the suspects for committing and supporting genocidal crimes by the Pakistani army in 1971.

Bangladesh's quest for recognition aims to preserve the victims' memory, establish historical truth, and prevent future horrific human rights violations. Recognizing atrocities would alter Pakistan's identity and void the grand strategy that has shaped the country's political beliefs- the Two Nations Theory.

Though Psychology and Genocide  are two different area of study, but together it creates an amazing new sector of research. History of Genocide, Theories of Genocide have much research articles than Psychology of Genocide. To understand any genocidal event, it is necessary to understand the psychology of the involved people. Though psychology of Victims has much more audience but to truly understand the gravity of the event one needs to read the Psychology of the Genocide architect.

Balochistan insurgency is one of the longest and less discussed crisis in South-East Asia. In recent years it has been in the discussion of international politics because of the Indian Prime Minister’s brief mention of Balochistan in his Independence Day speech in 2016. Since the creation of the Pakistan state, the relationship between Balochistan and the Pakistan state has not been that smooth. In the passing years, it only has been deteriorated - some nationalist group born, violent activities have been much regular in the way of movement against the central government. Despite all of these, the central government and the Baloch nationalist leaders are much away from a fruitful negotiation. Pakistan’s wrong approaches to the Balochistan problem and their continuous exploitation, forcing Baloch people to be more violent, aggressive and make stronger demand for independent Balochistan. In general, it may seem that  Pakistan holding and trying to keep Balochistan in control because of its geopolitical importance and Pakistan’s strategic relations with Afghanistan and China. But the root cause of the problem is not just geopolitics. Balochistan is a state of rich natural resources. Its natural wealth is playing a significant role in the conflict with Pakistan’s central government. This paper tried to explore the political-economical perspective of the Balochistan crisis, its influence on the insurgency, and the question of their independence & what can be their possible future. Like any other issue of social science and International Relations, drawn to an exact answer for this crisis is hard. The opinions and predictions made in this paper are based on & inspired by academic journals, news articles, and books on Balochistan Crisis.

Modern state system mostly began with the French Revolution. Up to the mid eighteenth century, most of countries in the world were governed by monarchs. But French revolution opens a way for new and modern state system, which makes it more important than any other revolutions in world politics.  This revolution is not only important for political development; it is connected with the philosophical development of that era also. Those days French people were inspired by Voltaire and Rousseau, specially with Rousseau’s “Social Contract”.  It discussed about society’s laws belonging to the citizenry, which inspire the French people in bringing change. Through French Revolution people can see revolution beyond a political perspective and more into philosophical.

Our priority changes with time. In last few years, the global platform was busy with changing political patterns, war or humanitarian crimes, migration – but now it is concerned with a much more different issue - Climate Change. Climate change is happening and it is already showing its symptoms. That’s why developed countries are anxious about this. Due to the climate change, the least developed or developing countries that are in close proximity of coastal area and the mountainous region would pay the price. Bay of Bengal is such a region which is linked from the high Himalayas to low bay. The neighboring countries of the bay are economically developing. Thus these countries are enduring the toll of climate change.
Bay of Bengal region is important in the sense of politics, economics, history and culture. If climate change tears down this area, it would also wipe out the essence of Indian subcontinent and its enriched culture.Among the BIMSTEC countries, Bangladesh is the most exposed in terms of climate change.
To protect the region, all the concerning countries should come together and make strategies to fight against climate change vulnerability in a proper way

Europe has been central of power for a long time in the past history. After the world war II ,it sank into their own domestic problems and lost its power position of international politics. Many great leaders came during this time who wanted to establish their country not only as the European power but also as a important participant in the late 20th century international system. But that time leaders struggled themselves to solve the domestic crises of their respective countries. Moreover that time Europe had gone into the shadows of new superpower United States of America. As the time passed and a new century came, Europe also emerged in a new identity. This paper discuss some of the major points how European country is shaping their dominance over the world in a new way. Imperialism is not their weapon now- economy, humanitarian activities, human rights is their new weapon to win over the world