Books by Miiamaaria V . Kujala
Papers by Miiamaaria V . Kujala
PLOS ONE
Emotional facial expressions are an important part of across species social communication, yet th... more Emotional facial expressions are an important part of across species social communication, yet the factors affecting human recognition of dog emotions have received limited attention. Here, we characterize the recognition and evaluation of dog and human emotional facial expressions by 4-and 6-year-old children and adult participants, as well as the effect of dog experience in emotion recognition. Participants rated the happiness, anger, valence, and arousal from happy, aggressive, and neutral facial images of dogs and humans. Both respondent age and experience influenced the dog emotion recognition and ratings. Aggressive dog faces were rated more often correctly by adults than 4-year-olds regardless of dog experience, whereas the 6-year-olds’ and adults’ performances did not differ. Happy human and dog expressions were recognized equally by all groups. Children rated aggressive dogs as more positive and lower in arousal than adults, and participants without dog experience rated agg...
NeuroImage, 2005
Yawning is contagious: Watching another person yawn may trigger us to do the same. Here we studie... more Yawning is contagious: Watching another person yawn may trigger us to do the same. Here we studied brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects watched videotaped yawns. Significant increases in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, specific to yawn viewing as contrasted to viewing nonnameable mouth movements, were observed in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) and bilaterally in the anterior STS, in agreement with the high affinity of STS to social cues. However, no additional yawn-specific activation was observed in Broca's area, the core region of the human mirror-neuron system (MNS) that matches action observation and execution. Thus, activation associated with viewing another person yawn seems to circumvent the essential parts of the MNS, in line with the nature of contagious yawns as automatically released behavioural acts-rather than truly imitated motor patterns that would require detailed action understanding. The subjects' selfreported tendency to yawn covaried negatively with activation of the left periamygdalar region, suggesting a connection between yawn contagiousness and amygdalar activation.
Scientific Reports
As companion dogs spend most of their lives with humans, the human–dog relationship and owner tem... more As companion dogs spend most of their lives with humans, the human–dog relationship and owner temperament may affect the dog behavior. In this study (n = 440), we investigated the relationship between the dog owner temperament (ATQ-R), owner-perceived dog–owner relationship (MDORS) and the dog behavior in three behavioral tests: the object-choice test, the unsolvable task, and the cylinder test. Dog owner temperament influenced the dog–owner relationship. Owners with high negative affectivity showed higher emotional closeness and perceived costs of their dog, whereas owners with high effortful control showed lower emotional closeness and perceived costs. Higher dog activity during the behavioral tests was also connected with owner-perceived lower emotional closeness. Furthermore, dog breed group modulated the connection between the owner temperament and dog behavior. Owner’s high negative affectivity correlated with herding dogs’ lower scores in the object choice test, while the beh...
Animals
We evaluated the effect of the dog–owner relationship on dogs’ emotional reactivity, quantified w... more We evaluated the effect of the dog–owner relationship on dogs’ emotional reactivity, quantified with heart rate variability (HRV), behavioral changes, physical activity and dog owner interpretations. Twenty nine adult dogs encountered five different emotional situations (i.e., stroking, a feeding toy, separation from the owner, reunion with the owner, a sudden appearance of a novel object). The results showed that both negative and positive situations provoked signs of heightened arousal in dogs. During negative situations, owners’ ratings about the heightened emotional arousal correlated with lower HRV, higher physical activity and more behaviors that typically index arousal and fear. The three factors of The Monash Dog–Owner Relationship Scale (MDORS) were reflected in the dogs’ heart rate variability and behaviors: the Emotional Closeness factor was related to increased HRV (p = 0.009), suggesting this aspect is associated with the secure base effect, and the Shared Activities fa...
This is the dataset used in the publication of Kujala MV, Kauppi J-P, Törnqvist H, Helle L, Vaini... more This is the dataset used in the publication of Kujala MV, Kauppi J-P, Törnqvist H, Helle L, Vainio O, Kujala J, Parkkonen L (2020). Time-resolved classification of dog brain signals reveals early processing of faces, species and emotion. Scientific reports 10, 19846 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76806-8. The dataset is electroencephalography data, measured non-invasively from the surface of the head from eight different dogs; and its supporting files. The data has been measured with 7-9 EEG electrodes; only the data from 7 EEG channels were used in the analysis. During the measurement, dogs were free to move; they were not restrained in any way. Instead, they were trained with positive operant conditioning to lie down and lean their head on a chin rest for short periods of time, during which they were shown still images from a computer screen. The stimuli were shown, in pseudo-randomized order, in eight different presentation scenarios, within 5 separate stimulus blocks...
Data in Brief, 2022
Movement sensor data from seven static and dynamic dog behaviors (sitting, standing, lying down, ... more Movement sensor data from seven static and dynamic dog behaviors (sitting, standing, lying down, trotting, walking, playing, and (treat) searching i.e. sniffing) was collected from 45 middle to large sized dogs with six degree-of-freedom movement sensors attached to the collar and the harness. With 17 dogs the collection procedure was repeated. The duration of each of the seven behaviors was approximately three minutes. The order of the tasks was varied between the dogs and the two repetitions (for the 17 dogs). The behaviors were annotated post-hoc based on the video recordings made with two camcorders during the tests with one second resolution. The annotations were accurately synchronized with the raw movement sensors data. The annotated data was originally used for training behavior classification machine learning algorithms for classifying the seven behaviors. The developed signal processing and classification algorithms are provided together with the raw measurement data and reference annotations. The description and results of the original investigation that the dataset relates to are found in: P. Kumpulainen, A. Valldeoriola Cardó, S. Somppi, H. Törnqvist, H. Väätäjä, P. Majaranta, Y. Gizatdinova, C. Hoog Antink, V. Surakka, M. V. Kujala, O. Vainio, A. Vehkaoja, Dog behavior classification with movement sensors placed on the harness and the collar, Applied Animal behavior Science, 241 (2021), 105,393.
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Scientific Reports, 2021
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the pa... more An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A learner corpus can provide useful data to detect specific difficulties of language learners and... more A learner corpus can provide useful data to detect specific difficulties of language learners and consequently inform the production of pedagogic material to address these problem areas. The USP Multilingual Learner Corpus will initially be built in English, German and Spanish. A heading with detailed information about the student (course level, age, sex, mother tongue, etc.) will allow for different types of research. The corpus s multilingual character will make it possible to look into difficulties common to all Brazilian learners, irrespective of language. Its varied content may also provide insights as to the effectiveness of different methodologies.
Despite appropriate design of beams under bending and shear, the deflection of long steel beams u... more Despite appropriate design of beams under bending and shear, the deflection of long steel beams usually exceeds the allowable range, and therefore the structural designers encounter challenges in this regard. Considering significant features of the cables, namely, low weight, small cross section, and high tensile strength, they are used in this research so as to control the deflection of beams, rather than increasing their heights, and obtain acceptable responses. In this study, for the first time, theoretical relations are developed to calculate the increase in pre-tensioning force of cables under external loading based on the method of least work as well as the deflection of of steel beam with different support conditions and cable patterns based on the virtual work method. To verify the theoretical relations, the steel beam is modeled in the finite element ABAQUS software. The obtained results show that the theoretical relations can appropriately predict the deflection of beam with different support conditions and cable patterns. In this study, simply supported as well as fixed supported beams are pre-stressed with V-shaped and modified V-shaped patterns of the cable. According to the obtained results, the modified V-shaped pattern of the cable is more efficient than V-shaped pattern one.
We read conspecifics’ social cues effortlessly, but little is known about our abilities to unders... more We read conspecifics’ social cues effortlessly, but little is known about our abilities to understand social gestures of other species. To investigate the neural underpinnings of such skills, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain activity of experts and non-experts of dog behavior while they observed humans or dogs either interacting with, or facing away from a conspecific. The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) of both subject groups dissociated humans facing toward each other from humans facing away, and in dog experts, a distinction also occurred for dogs facing toward vs. away in a bilateral area extending from the pSTS to the inferior temporo-occipital cortex: the dissociation of dog behavior was significantly stronger in expert than control group. Furthermore, the control group had stronger pSTS responses to humans than dogs facing toward a conspecific, whereas in dog experts, the responses were of similar magnitude. These findings suggest tha...
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction, 2018
Dog owners are highly motivated in understanding behavior and physiology of their pets and monito... more Dog owners are highly motivated in understanding behavior and physiology of their pets and monitoring their wellbeing. Monitoring with a commercially available activity trackers reveals levels of daily activity and rest but recognizing the behavior of the dog would provide additional information, especially when the dog is not under supervision. In this study, a performance of a 3D accelerometer movement sensor placed on the dog collar was evaluated in classifying seven activities during semi-controlled test situation with 24 dogs. Various features were extracted from the acceleration time series signals. The performance of two classifiers was evaluated with two feature scenarios: using all computed features and the ones given by forward selection algorithm. The highest overall classification accuracy for the seven behaviors was 76%. The results are promising pro improving classification of specific behaviors by relatively simple algorithms.
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Books by Miiamaaria V . Kujala
Papers by Miiamaaria V . Kujala