Tutlayt n usihel

Tutlayin n usihel (S teglizit: Programming language) d tagrawt n imenziden uettwarun s daw n ticki n ilugan n tutlayt n usihel, sakin imenziden-a ttekken-d s kra n tukkiyin alamma tettuselkem deg uselkim

ma yili wugur gar n ifassen-nneɣ, tewwi-yas-d awarzem i tifrat-is. Awarzem d awalen (n tefransist, tegnizit ..) i yesseqdac wussnan i tifrat n wugur, maca aselkim ɣur-s awalen-is imaẓlayen, agraw-nsen d tutlayt n usihel (imeslayen iy gezzu uselkim), wid ara d-isnedhen aselkim (d azrar n wanaden) i tifrat. Gar tutlayin-a:

Fortran

Awal-a d asewzel (FORmula TRANslation), tisuqqelt n tenfalit, acku awalen-is sehlen i useqdec n tusnakt (mathématique). Amezwaru i d-yuran fell-as d RUTISHAUSER, deg useggas 1952, maca ur d-yeffiɣ ara i leqdic almi d useggas 1955, s ɣur JOHN BACKUS. Tameslayt-a telha nezzeh i yinekmaden ussananen n tesdawit.

BASIC

D asewzel (Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). Yeffeɣ-d deg useggas 1965. D tameslayt i d-yemmugen i wid urɛad ssnen nezzeh timeslayin n usihel, acku awalen n umeslay yettwaqdacen deg BASIC sehlen, ferzen. Yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden n tesnawit (aswir amenzu). S kra n wawalen, anelmad yezmer ad yektil: tajumma (surface), ableɣ (volume), azikit (périmètre).atg, neɣ ad ad d-yefru tigdiwin (équations).

Pascal

Teffeɣ-d ger useggas 1967 d 1971 sɣur Niklaus Wirth. Yefka-yas isem-ayi ilemen-d umussnaw ameqqran BLAISE PASCAL (1623-1662). Tameslay PASCAL tettwassen aṭas seg wasmi i d-teffeɣ i lɣaci tameslayt n Turbo pascal deg useggas 1984, sɣur Borland International, imi wwḍen azal n umeliyun i yettuzenzen seg-s. PASCAL daɣen yemmug-d i tusnakt, yelha nezzeh i yinelmaden ussananen n tesdawit.

C

D tameslayt i d-ilulen deg useggas 1972, sɣur umussnaw DENNIS RITCHIE. Deg tazwara, timeslayin-a mmugent-d i useqdec n uselkim ( ileḥḥun s UNIX); maca, deg useggas 1989, yuɣ abrid n useqdec s wahil, yuɣal am wid neẓra yakan.

DBASE

_ er taggara n yiseggasen 70, amussnaw WAYNE RATLIFF ( iqeddec di NASA), isnulfa-d timeslayen i useqdec n taffa n isefka (base de données), i wumi isemma VULCAN. Syin akkin, GEORGE TATE d HAL LASHLEE, gren-d afus, rnan sqewmen-t, armi d useggas 1981, yuɣal isem-is dbase (data base).

Awalen n tutlayin n uselkim

Awalen-a zemren ad ilin, d wid n tegnizit mmden, neɣ d asewzel n wawalen n tegnizit.

Amedya

Wayi d ahil, s tmeslayin i neẓra, sendahen aselkim i wakken ad d-yaru ɣef ugdil (Ecran), awal (AZUL):

FORTRAN

Ahil amenzu
WRITE(*,*)'AZUL'
END 10 CLS

BASIC

20 REM Ahil amenzu
30 PRINT " AZUL "
40 END Program azul

PASCAL

Begin
{ahil amenzu}
WRITE('AZUL');
END. MAIN()
{

C

/*Ahil amenzu */
PRINTF('AZUL')
} CLEAR

DBASE

*Ahil amenzu*
? ' AZUL'
END

Tamselyut

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