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This study presents a sophisticated method for merging multiple audio files encoded with the Opus... more This study presents a sophisticated method for merging multiple audio files encoded with the Opus codec, each characterized by a specific delay time, using the libav FFmpeg library wrapped in C++. Various FFmpeg architectures were brought to life through the innovative use of filter chains, encoding, and decoding processes. The merging algorithm is meticulously designed to align with the delay times, utilizing a combination of silent frames-audio frames that contains null data-and valid frames containing actual audio data. The audio file with the earliest delay is merged first, accompanied by silent frames corresponding to the remaining files, ensuring seamless synchronization. As subsequent files reach their designated delay times, they are integrated with the previously merged audio, resulting in a coherent and high-quality output. By leveraging the capabilities of the libav FFmpeg library within a C++ wrapper, this approach reconstructs the intended auditory sequence with precision, preserving the clarity and integrity of the original audio files. This technique offers a robust and efficient solution for merging time-sensitive audio streams, particularly in complex audio processing tasks where accuracy is paramount.
This project presents the design and implementation of a Musical Fountain system, where audio inp... more This project presents the design and implementation of a Musical Fountain system, where audio input is decoded into distinct frequency bands to control multiple lasers in a dynamic water display. Two different audio decoding techniques are employed: the MSGEQ7 integrated circuit and the ESP32 microcontroller. The MSGEQ7 decodes the audio into seven predefined frequency bands, with each band controlling an individual laser through corresponding analog voltage outputs, which are then converted into PWM signals by an Arduino. Alternatively, the ESP32 method utilizes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to analyze the audio spectrum, allowing for customizable frequency bands. The number of lasers corresponds directly to the number of frequency bands, and PWM signals generated from the power spectral density modulate the lasers. The laser driving circuit features a constant current source for stable operation. The fountain incorporates three main sections: the laser, water-shielded nozzle, and laminar flow of water. The laser is aligned to create total internal reflection across the curved laminar flow of water, ensuring that the light remains encapsulated within the stream without escaping.
Paypay is payment confirmation system; it is a soundbox that confirms the online payments made by... more Paypay is payment confirmation system; it is a soundbox that confirms the online payments made by customer to a vendor. One of the most striking feature of paypay is that the customer doesn't have to connect the mobile network or the shopkeeper Wi-Fi to make the online payment: making transaction cost more economic, especially for customer, and efficient for the vendors. In a nutshell, the system comprises two node MCUs-ESP01and ESP32-integrated along with web architectures, including MQTT broker and transaction servers. Moreover, the audio system amalgamates the audio amplifier and the speaker. The flow generally triggers with the user connecting to a hotspot, which then transfers data to ESP32-the main MCU of the-via I2C interface; esp32, acting as a MQTT client connects to a MQTT broker server which then trigger the transaction server. In the counter flow, the transaction server relays the payment confirmation to main MCU via MQTT broker. Once receiving the valid payment confirmation, the speaker blows up by enumerating the exact transaction amount as made by customer: confirming successful payment confirmation.
In Nepal, accessing reliable and affordable automation solutions for AC load control has been a s... more In Nepal, accessing reliable and affordable automation solutions for AC load control has been a significant challenge due to the high costs, limited customization, and repair difficulties associated with imported electronic boards. This project addresses these issues by developing a locally-built, modular RF-IoT circuit tailored specifically for the Nepali market. The modular design supports both RF and IoT communication channels, providing versatile and reliable control. Integrating advanced technologies such as an ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi and an RF433 module, the circuit automates various AC loads including motors, rice cookers, lights, and bells. The system also includes input features like door access systems, fingerprint sensors, and face cameras. With the inclusion of relay drivers and snubber circuits, the design manages AC loads efficiently while mitigating common issues like limited range and pairing inconsistencies through local manufacturing. By focusing on customization, economic feasibility, repairability, and stringent quality control, the project offers a robust, cost-effective solution that meets local needs. It also enhances the reliability and functionality of automation technology, contributes to the local economy by generating job opportunities, and promotes domestic industry growth. This initiative stands as a valuable advancement in improving the accessibility and effectiveness of automation solutions in Nepal.
This study presents a sophisticated method for merging multiple audio files encoded with the Opus... more This study presents a sophisticated method for merging multiple audio files encoded with the Opus codec, each characterized by a specific delay time, using the libav FFmpeg library wrapped in C++. Various FFmpeg architectures were brought to life through the innovative use of filter chains, encoding, and decoding processes. The merging algorithm is meticulously designed to align with the delay times, utilizing a combination of silent frames-audio frames that contains null data-and valid frames containing actual audio data. The audio file with the earliest delay is merged first, accompanied by silent frames corresponding to the remaining files, ensuring seamless synchronization. As subsequent files reach their designated delay times, they are integrated with the previously merged audio, resulting in a coherent and high-quality output. By leveraging the capabilities of the libav FFmpeg library within a C++ wrapper, this approach reconstructs the intended auditory sequence with precision, preserving the clarity and integrity of the original audio files. This technique offers a robust and efficient solution for merging time-sensitive audio streams, particularly in complex audio processing tasks where accuracy is paramount.
This project presents the design and implementation of a Musical Fountain system, where audio inp... more This project presents the design and implementation of a Musical Fountain system, where audio input is decoded into distinct frequency bands to control multiple lasers in a dynamic water display. Two different audio decoding techniques are employed: the MSGEQ7 integrated circuit and the ESP32 microcontroller. The MSGEQ7 decodes the audio into seven predefined frequency bands, with each band controlling an individual laser through corresponding analog voltage outputs, which are then converted into PWM signals by an Arduino. Alternatively, the ESP32 method utilizes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to analyze the audio spectrum, allowing for customizable frequency bands. The number of lasers corresponds directly to the number of frequency bands, and PWM signals generated from the power spectral density modulate the lasers. The laser driving circuit features a constant current source for stable operation. The fountain incorporates three main sections: the laser, water-shielded nozzle, and laminar flow of water. The laser is aligned to create total internal reflection across the curved laminar flow of water, ensuring that the light remains encapsulated within the stream without escaping.
Paypay is payment confirmation system; it is a soundbox that confirms the online payments made by... more Paypay is payment confirmation system; it is a soundbox that confirms the online payments made by customer to a vendor. One of the most striking feature of paypay is that the customer doesn't have to connect the mobile network or the shopkeeper Wi-Fi to make the online payment: making transaction cost more economic, especially for customer, and efficient for the vendors. In a nutshell, the system comprises two node MCUs-ESP01and ESP32-integrated along with web architectures, including MQTT broker and transaction servers. Moreover, the audio system amalgamates the audio amplifier and the speaker. The flow generally triggers with the user connecting to a hotspot, which then transfers data to ESP32-the main MCU of the-via I2C interface; esp32, acting as a MQTT client connects to a MQTT broker server which then trigger the transaction server. In the counter flow, the transaction server relays the payment confirmation to main MCU via MQTT broker. Once receiving the valid payment confirmation, the speaker blows up by enumerating the exact transaction amount as made by customer: confirming successful payment confirmation.
In Nepal, accessing reliable and affordable automation solutions for AC load control has been a s... more In Nepal, accessing reliable and affordable automation solutions for AC load control has been a significant challenge due to the high costs, limited customization, and repair difficulties associated with imported electronic boards. This project addresses these issues by developing a locally-built, modular RF-IoT circuit tailored specifically for the Nepali market. The modular design supports both RF and IoT communication channels, providing versatile and reliable control. Integrating advanced technologies such as an ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi and an RF433 module, the circuit automates various AC loads including motors, rice cookers, lights, and bells. The system also includes input features like door access systems, fingerprint sensors, and face cameras. With the inclusion of relay drivers and snubber circuits, the design manages AC loads efficiently while mitigating common issues like limited range and pairing inconsistencies through local manufacturing. By focusing on customization, economic feasibility, repairability, and stringent quality control, the project offers a robust, cost-effective solution that meets local needs. It also enhances the reliability and functionality of automation technology, contributes to the local economy by generating job opportunities, and promotes domestic industry growth. This initiative stands as a valuable advancement in improving the accessibility and effectiveness of automation solutions in Nepal.
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Papers by Ram P R A S A D Poudel