La realisation d’une traduction mobilise tout un ensemble de ressources cognitives. Pour reprendr... more La realisation d’une traduction mobilise tout un ensemble de ressources cognitives. Pour reprendre le vocabulaire traditionnellement utilise en traductologie, ces ressources cognitives mises en jeu dans la traduction constituent des aspects de la competence en traduction. Ce terme de competence represente ce que tout traducteur doit connaitre (et donc apprendre). D’un point de vue psychologique, la competence en traduction designe la connaissance, issue de tout un eventail de domaines cognitifs, qui est acquise, stockee et organisee dans la memoire a long terme (MLT) du traducteur. La question de la structure de la competence traductionnelle constitue une thematique de recherche importante en traductologie, a laquelle se sont atteles bon nombre de specialistes du domaine. Wilss (1976 : 120) definit la competence en traduction comme l’union de trois competences partielles : la competence receptive dans la langue source (lecture et comprehension), la competence productive dans la lang...
Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience cognitive and physical impairments. Th... more Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience cognitive and physical impairments. The aims of this study were to: 1) build an internet-based, "Virtual Rehabilitation Center" (VRC) that provides rehabilitation, education and support services to individuals with TBI; and 2) to determine the relationships between the nature and severity of the participants' cognitive impairments and their ability to use the VRC. Eight individuals with brain injuries (Age: M=43, SD=15.4; Years of Education: M=13.8, SD=3.15) participated. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NBCSE) was used to assess intellectual functioning. The VRC modules consisted of reaction time, functional modules, and communication capabilities. All participants learned how to use the VRC. However, those requiring more "trials to acquisition" showed greater cognitive impairment than those requiring fewer trials in: Construction (p=0.02), Reasoning-Similarities (p=0.01) and in calculation and language repetition.(i.e., a non-significant trend). Importantly, all participants learned how to use the system although learning rates varied. Moreover, one case-study demonstrated that learning on the VRC generalized to the community. Overall, impairments on the NBCSE in visual-constructional integration and executive-type functions, as well as language processing appeared to be related to how effectively participants learned how to use the VRC.
American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 2010
... The technique is, therefore, based on quanti-fying oxygenation changes which reflect the bala... more ... The technique is, therefore, based on quanti-fying oxygenation changes which reflect the balance between O2 supply and O2 consumption and correspond to signal intensity changes that reflect neural activ-ity as detected by fMRI (Mehagnoul-Schipper et al. ...
: The role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainl... more : The role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainly been discussed within a product-oriented framework. The more process-oriented approaches of recent years have taken notice of reading as a component activity of the translation process. However, few empirical studies have been completed which address the role of reading in translation. The way a person reads, and the result of that reading (some sort of mental representation of the text or text segment), will depend on the reader's purposes and motivations. The present empirical study indicates that while the translator's reading of a text may be to some extent more thorough and deliberate than that of an ordinary reader, it is not likely to be markedly so. The study also indicates a significant variability in the way translators "read for translation". This suggests the existence of alternate strategies in this kind of reading. Résumé: On s'interroge rarement sur la lecture en relation avec des traductions, celles-ci étant le plus souvent envisagées comme des produits textuels. L'examen de la traduction-processus a montré le rôle important du lecteur, mais les recherches n'ont su dépasser jusqu'ici le stade de considérations générales. Le mode et le résultat de la lecture (une représentation mentale du texte ou d'un segment) dépendent des objectifs et motivations du lecteur. Notre étude révèle qu'en dépit de son caractère minutieux et intentionnel, la lecture en vue d'une traduction ne diffère pas sensiblement d'une lecture ordinaire. D'autre part, le constat de variations significatives dans les manières du "lire pour traduire" suggère la présence de stratégies de lecture alternatives.
The purpose of this study was to find a method to measure difficulty in a translation task. Reada... more The purpose of this study was to find a method to measure difficulty in a translation task. Readability formulas have been suggested to be a useful tool and yet this needs to be empirically tested. In this study, NASA Task Load Index, a multidimensional scale for measuring mental workload, was used to assess the level of translation difficulty for the translator. It was found that a text’s readability only partially accounts for its translation difficulty level. Translation quality score was found to be an unreliable indicator of translation difficulty level, while time-on-task was significantly, but weakly, related to translation difficulty level. A formula was developed to predict a text’s translation difficulty level for a translator by using the translator’s pre-translation rating.
... Page 327. Corpus enhancement and localization 32 the intranet-bounded natural corpus also en... more ... Page 327. Corpus enhancement and localization 32 the intranet-bounded natural corpus also encodes information about document logical structure and physical layout. ... The relationships of logical structure to physical layout are also culturally determined. ...
Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and... more Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and in translation. However, a previous effort by O’Brien (2006) to establish an analogous relationship in post-editing did not produce the expected result. In this case study, we introduce a metric for pause activity, the average pause ratio, which is sensitive to both the number and duration of pauses. We measured cognitive effort in a segment by counting the number of complete editing events. We found that the average pause ratio was higher for less cognitively demanding segments than for more cognitively demanding segments. Moreover, this effect became more pronounced as the minimum threshold for pause length was shortened.
As of 1993 John Benjamins has been the official publisher of the ATA Scholarly Monograph Series. ... more As of 1993 John Benjamins has been the official publisher of the ATA Scholarly Monograph Series. Edited by Françoise Massardier-Kenney, under the auspices of the American Translators Association, this series has an international scope and addresses research ...
La realisation d’une traduction mobilise tout un ensemble de ressources cognitives. Pour reprendr... more La realisation d’une traduction mobilise tout un ensemble de ressources cognitives. Pour reprendre le vocabulaire traditionnellement utilise en traductologie, ces ressources cognitives mises en jeu dans la traduction constituent des aspects de la competence en traduction. Ce terme de competence represente ce que tout traducteur doit connaitre (et donc apprendre). D’un point de vue psychologique, la competence en traduction designe la connaissance, issue de tout un eventail de domaines cognitifs, qui est acquise, stockee et organisee dans la memoire a long terme (MLT) du traducteur. La question de la structure de la competence traductionnelle constitue une thematique de recherche importante en traductologie, a laquelle se sont atteles bon nombre de specialistes du domaine. Wilss (1976 : 120) definit la competence en traduction comme l’union de trois competences partielles : la competence receptive dans la langue source (lecture et comprehension), la competence productive dans la lang...
Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience cognitive and physical impairments. Th... more Survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience cognitive and physical impairments. The aims of this study were to: 1) build an internet-based, "Virtual Rehabilitation Center" (VRC) that provides rehabilitation, education and support services to individuals with TBI; and 2) to determine the relationships between the nature and severity of the participants' cognitive impairments and their ability to use the VRC. Eight individuals with brain injuries (Age: M=43, SD=15.4; Years of Education: M=13.8, SD=3.15) participated. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NBCSE) was used to assess intellectual functioning. The VRC modules consisted of reaction time, functional modules, and communication capabilities. All participants learned how to use the VRC. However, those requiring more "trials to acquisition" showed greater cognitive impairment than those requiring fewer trials in: Construction (p=0.02), Reasoning-Similarities (p=0.01) and in calculation and language repetition.(i.e., a non-significant trend). Importantly, all participants learned how to use the system although learning rates varied. Moreover, one case-study demonstrated that learning on the VRC generalized to the community. Overall, impairments on the NBCSE in visual-constructional integration and executive-type functions, as well as language processing appeared to be related to how effectively participants learned how to use the VRC.
American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 2010
... The technique is, therefore, based on quanti-fying oxygenation changes which reflect the bala... more ... The technique is, therefore, based on quanti-fying oxygenation changes which reflect the balance between O2 supply and O2 consumption and correspond to signal intensity changes that reflect neural activ-ity as detected by fMRI (Mehagnoul-Schipper et al. ...
: The role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainl... more : The role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainly been discussed within a product-oriented framework. The more process-oriented approaches of recent years have taken notice of reading as a component activity of the translation process. However, few empirical studies have been completed which address the role of reading in translation. The way a person reads, and the result of that reading (some sort of mental representation of the text or text segment), will depend on the reader's purposes and motivations. The present empirical study indicates that while the translator's reading of a text may be to some extent more thorough and deliberate than that of an ordinary reader, it is not likely to be markedly so. The study also indicates a significant variability in the way translators "read for translation". This suggests the existence of alternate strategies in this kind of reading. Résumé: On s'interroge rarement sur la lecture en relation avec des traductions, celles-ci étant le plus souvent envisagées comme des produits textuels. L'examen de la traduction-processus a montré le rôle important du lecteur, mais les recherches n'ont su dépasser jusqu'ici le stade de considérations générales. Le mode et le résultat de la lecture (une représentation mentale du texte ou d'un segment) dépendent des objectifs et motivations du lecteur. Notre étude révèle qu'en dépit de son caractère minutieux et intentionnel, la lecture en vue d'une traduction ne diffère pas sensiblement d'une lecture ordinaire. D'autre part, le constat de variations significatives dans les manières du "lire pour traduire" suggère la présence de stratégies de lecture alternatives.
The purpose of this study was to find a method to measure difficulty in a translation task. Reada... more The purpose of this study was to find a method to measure difficulty in a translation task. Readability formulas have been suggested to be a useful tool and yet this needs to be empirically tested. In this study, NASA Task Load Index, a multidimensional scale for measuring mental workload, was used to assess the level of translation difficulty for the translator. It was found that a text’s readability only partially accounts for its translation difficulty level. Translation quality score was found to be an unreliable indicator of translation difficulty level, while time-on-task was significantly, but weakly, related to translation difficulty level. A formula was developed to predict a text’s translation difficulty level for a translator by using the translator’s pre-translation rating.
... Page 327. Corpus enhancement and localization 32 the intranet-bounded natural corpus also en... more ... Page 327. Corpus enhancement and localization 32 the intranet-bounded natural corpus also encodes information about document logical structure and physical layout. ... The relationships of logical structure to physical layout are also culturally determined. ...
Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and... more Pauses are known to be good indicators of cognitive demand in monolingual language production and in translation. However, a previous effort by O’Brien (2006) to establish an analogous relationship in post-editing did not produce the expected result. In this case study, we introduce a metric for pause activity, the average pause ratio, which is sensitive to both the number and duration of pauses. We measured cognitive effort in a segment by counting the number of complete editing events. We found that the average pause ratio was higher for less cognitively demanding segments than for more cognitively demanding segments. Moreover, this effect became more pronounced as the minimum threshold for pause length was shortened.
As of 1993 John Benjamins has been the official publisher of the ATA Scholarly Monograph Series. ... more As of 1993 John Benjamins has been the official publisher of the ATA Scholarly Monograph Series. Edited by Françoise Massardier-Kenney, under the auspices of the American Translators Association, this series has an international scope and addresses research ...
Translation, Cognition & Behavior
A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricard... more Translation, Cognition & Behavior A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve
More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb Questions? Write to editor@cogtrans.net
Issue 1:1 out on March 2018 Papers welcome all year round
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Papers by Gregory Shreve
A new journal for Cognitive Translation Studies
Editor: Ricardo Muñoz Martín
Consulting Editor: Gregory M. Shreve
More information at benjamins.com/catalog/tcb
Questions? Write to editor@cogtrans.net
Issue 1:1 out on March 2018
Papers welcome all year round